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Background
More than one-third of the neonatal death in Ethiopia has been attributed to neonatal sepsis. However, there is no recent national evidence about the burden of neonatal sepsis and its association with antenatal urinary tract infection and intra-partum fever, which are commonly reported maternal morbidities in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... random effects model, the overall pooled estimate of neonatal sepsis as reported by the 24 studies was 40.25% (95% CI: 34.00%, 46.50%) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I 2 ¼ 99.2%, p ¼ 0.000) [ Table 3]. Moreover, similar output can be noticed from the forest plot of pooled neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia (Figure 3). ...
Context 2
... random effects model, the overall pooled estimate of neonatal sepsis as reported by the 24 studies was 40.25% (95% CI: 34.00%, 46.50%) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I 2 ¼ 99.2%, p ¼ 0.000) [ Table 3]. Moreover, similar output can be noticed from the forest plot of pooled neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia (Figure 3). ...
Context 3
... random effects model, the overall pooled estimate of neonatal sepsis as reported by the 24 studies was 40.25% (95% CI: 34.00%, 46.50%) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I 2 ¼ 99.2%, p ¼ 0.000) [ Table 3]. Moreover, similar output can be noticed from the forest plot of pooled neonatal sepsis in Ethiopia (Figure 3). ...
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Objective: The objective of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between educational status and underweight among lactating women in Ethiopia. The studies conducted before indicate in consistence association between educational status and underweight among lactating women in Ethiopia. We include 7 studies in differ...
Citations
... Moreover, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis ranged from 11.7% to 77.9% among Ethiopian neonates hospitalized across the country. 6,7 Only few previous studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, and most of the previous studies have been confined to single medical facility. Evidence of neonatal sepsis is also limited in eastern Ethiopia and the Somali region. ...
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Globally, the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity is neonatal sepsis, which is defined as a clinical course
marked by systemic inflammation in the presence of infection in a newborn. There are limited data concerning neonatal sepsis in eastern
Ethiopia. As a result, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted to
intensive care units at general hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted among newborns hospitalized in
neonatal intensive care units. Using simple random sampling, the charts of 356 newborns who were hospitalized between January and
December 2019 were included, and data were collected using a pretested checklist. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 22.
RESUlTS: The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 45.8% (95% CI 40.7, 51.4). Prolonged rupture of the membrane (AOR = 2.38, 95%
CI: [1.27-4.45]), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.78, 95%, CI: [1.09, 2.96]) APGAR score <7 (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI: [2.49-8.29]), prelacteal feeding
(AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: [1.68-8.23]), and mechanical ventilation (AOR = 4.97,95%CI: [2.78-8.89]) were predictors associated with neonatal
sepsis.
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high, and factors associated with neonatal sepsis included prolonged
rupture of membrane, mode of delivery, low APGAR score, prelacteal feeding and mechanical ventilation. As a result, maternal and neonatal
care should be enhanced to lower the risk of neonatal sepsis.
Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, infection, newborn, morbidity, mortality
... The pathogens can breach the protective barriers of the placenta or infect the newborn during passage through the birth canal leading to early onset sepsis (Mahmoud et al., 2023). This is demonstrated by a systematic and meta-analysis review by Bayih et al., (2021) and Yeta et al., (2021) where urinary tract infections antenatally had positive odds of association with neonatal sepsis. ...
Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in Zambia accounting for 45% of all the deaths in under-five period (MoH Action Plan, 2022-2026). Zambia face a lifetime risk of 1 in 37 infants die in their first months of life with the neonatal mortality rate of 27 per 1000 live births (Zambia Statistical agency, 2019). The aim of this article is to determine risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis in Zambia. Appreciating these factors is critical for implementing effective measures in the prevention and improving neonatal health outcomes in Zambia. The risk factors of neonatal sepsis are classified into maternal, perinatal and neonatal factors drawing insights from recent studies conducted within the Zambian context.
... In Ethiopia, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis is alarmingly high, with rates ranging from 45.8 to 78.3% in different regions (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Bekele et al., 2022;Roble et al., 2022). This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). ...
... This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). Multiple risk factors are associated with neonatal infection, including low birth weight (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023), maternal history of urinary tract infection (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020), formula feeding, cesarean section , preterm birth (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023;Satar and Özlü, 2012), home delivery, prolonged labor, and premature rupture of membranes (Abate et al., 2020), antenatal urinary tract infection, and intrapartum fever (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020). Despite advancements in neonatal care, diagnosing neonatal sepsis remains challenging, underscoring the importance of prompt antibiotic treatment (Ershad et al., 2019). ...
... This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). Multiple risk factors are associated with neonatal infection, including low birth weight (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023), maternal history of urinary tract infection (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020), formula feeding, cesarean section , preterm birth (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023;Satar and Özlü, 2012), home delivery, prolonged labor, and premature rupture of membranes (Abate et al., 2020), antenatal urinary tract infection, and intrapartum fever (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020). Despite advancements in neonatal care, diagnosing neonatal sepsis remains challenging, underscoring the importance of prompt antibiotic treatment (Ershad et al., 2019). ...
Background
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns causing neonatal sepsis is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment, improving patient outcomes, and combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Despite its importance, data regarding neonatal sepsis in the study area is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the bacterial pathogens and identify associated factors among neonates with suspected sepsis at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing laboratory records of neonates admitted for suspected sepsis from January 2019 to December 2021. Data were checked for completeness and encoded in a spreadsheet program. Then, data were exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were computed. The association between neonatal sepsis and potential risk factors was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05, was considered statistically significant.
Results
A total of 1,236 neonates were included. Of these, 96.2% (1,190/1,236) had a fever before admission. The prevalence of culture-confirmed sepsis was 25.4% (314/1,236). Bacterial pathogens accounted for 23% (284/1,236) of these isolates, with Gram-negative bacteria being more prevalent at 75.3% (214/284) than Gram-positive bacteria at 24.7% (70/284). The most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens were K. pneumoniae 38.7% (110/284) and S. aureus 13% (37/284). The isolates demonstrated a high resistance level to commonly used antibiotics, with 61.6% exhibiting multidrug resistance. K. pneumoniae showed the highest rate of multidrug resistance (90.9%). Neonatal sepsis was associated with several factors, including fever before and after admission, hypothermia, increased respiration, suspected pneumonia, and suspected meningitis.
Conclusion
This study identified a high prevalence of culture-confirmed sepsis in neonates at UoGCSH, with Gram-negative bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae, dominating the isolated pathogens. The isolated bacteria exhibited alarming resistance to commonly used antibiotics, with a high proportion demonstrating multidrug resistance. Implementing effective antibiotic stewardship programs is crucial to optimize antibiotic use, reduce unnecessary prescriptions, and curb the spread of resistant strains.
... In Ethiopia, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis is alarmingly high, with rates ranging from 45.8 to 78.3% in different regions (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Bekele et al., 2022;Roble et al., 2022). This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). ...
... This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). Multiple risk factors are associated with neonatal infection, including low birth weight (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023), maternal history of urinary tract infection (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020), formula feeding, cesarean section , preterm birth (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023;Satar and Özlü, 2012), home delivery, prolonged labor, and premature rupture of membranes (Abate et al., 2020), antenatal urinary tract infection, and intrapartum fever (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020). Despite advancements in neonatal care, diagnosing neonatal sepsis remains challenging, underscoring the importance of prompt antibiotic treatment (Ershad et al., 2019). ...
... This burden is further exacerbated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance (Chaurasia et al., 2019). Multiple risk factors are associated with neonatal infection, including low birth weight (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023), maternal history of urinary tract infection (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020), formula feeding, cesarean section , preterm birth (Abate et al., 2020;Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020;Li et al., 2023;Satar and Özlü, 2012), home delivery, prolonged labor, and premature rupture of membranes (Abate et al., 2020), antenatal urinary tract infection, and intrapartum fever (Bayih et al., 2021;Belachew and Tewabe, 2020;Mustefa et al., 2020). Despite advancements in neonatal care, diagnosing neonatal sepsis remains challenging, underscoring the importance of prompt antibiotic treatment (Ershad et al., 2019). ...
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns causing neonatal sepsis is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment, improving patient outcomes, and combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Despite its importance, data regarding neonatal sepsis in the study area is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the bacterial pathogens and identify associated factors among neonates with suspected sepsis at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing laboratory records of neonates admitted for suspected sepsis from January 2019 to December 2021. Data were checked for completeness and encoded in a spreadsheet program. Then, data were exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were computed. The association between neonatal sepsis and potential risk factors was assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. A p-value of < 0.05, was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,236 neonates were included. Of these, 96.2% (1,190/1,236) had a fever before admission. The prevalence of culture-confirmed sepsis was 25.4% (314/1,236). Bacterial pathogens accounted for 23% (284/1,236) of these isolates, with Gram-negative bacteria being more prevalent at 75.3% (214/284) than Gram-positive bacteria at 24.7% (70/284). The most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens were K. pneumoniae 38.7% (110/284) and S. aureus 13% (37/284). The isolates demonstrated a high resistance level to commonly used antibiotics, with 61.6% exhibiting multidrug resistance. K. pneumoniae showed the highest rate of multidrug resistance (90.9%). Neonatal sepsis was associated with several factors, including fever before and after admission, hypothermia, increased respiration, suspected pneumonia, and suspected meningitis. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of culture-confirmed sepsis in neonates at UoGCSH, with Gram-negative bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae, dominating the isolated pathogens. The isolated bacteria exhibited alarming
... Н а сьогодні одним із провідних факторів, що призводять до перинатальних втрат, є інфекції [9,19]. До поняття «перинатальні втрати» відносять втрату вагітності на всіх стадіях розвитку, починаючи від запліднення і до кінця неонатального періоду [2,18]. За сучасними літературними даними, третина перинатальних втрат виникає внаслідок персистуючої інфекції в матері, зокрема, хламідійної, цитомегаловірусної та неспецифічної бактеріальної з тропністю до сечовидільної системи [8,12]. ...
Today, one of the leading factors contributing to perinatal losses are infections, especially of the urogenital tract. Aim - to assess the presence of infection, especially of the urogenital tract, in women with perinatal losses and establish their role in the genesis of stillbirth. Materials and methods. A prospective examination of 45 patients with miscarriage after 12 weeks was conducted - the main group, divided into the subgroup I (n=24) - women with miscarriage in the period from 12 to 21 weeks 6 days; the subgroup II (n=21) – women with antenatal fetal death. The control group - 30 patients with advanced pregnancy. We determined the microbiocenosis of vaginal secretions, the group B streptococcus. The reliability of the research results was assessed using Student's and Fisher's criteria. A statistically significant difference was considered at p<0.05. Results. The average age of pregnant women in the main group was 26±2.1 years. Every third patient of the main group had a history of otorhinolaryngology pathology. Pathology of the urinary system was noted by 44.4% of patients in the main group. The course of this pregnancy was complicated by nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, threat of abortion, asymptomatic bacteriuria; polyhydramnios. Pathological degrees of microbiocenosis in the main group were diagnosed twice as often as in the control group (p<0.05). Gram-positive microflora prevailed. The concentration of Lactobacillus spp. in the main group was 4.2±1.8 CFU/ml. The growth of the group B streptococcus in vaginal secretions in the main group occurred 3.5 times more often than in the control group. Conclusions. Among women with miscarriage after 12 weeks, an important role of infection of the urogenital tract (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptococcus spp.) has been assigned, which has a direct impact on the course of pregnancy. Somatic pathology was also noted in the examined women: inflammatory diseases of the genital organs (37.8%), gestational pyelonephritis (28.6%), threatened miscarriage (29.2%); polyhydramnios (20.9%). An association of opportunistic vaginal microflora at a concentration of 106 CFU/ml and a decrease in Lactobacillus spp. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was adopted by the Local Moral Committee of the institution indicated in the work. Informed consent was obtained from the women for the study. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
... Moreover, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis ranged from 11.7% to 77.9% among Ethiopian neonates hospitalized across the country. 6,7 Only few previous studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, and most of the previous studies have been confined to single medical facility. Evidence of neonatal sepsis is also limited in eastern Ethiopia and the Somali region. ...
Introduction: Globally, the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity is neonatal sepsis, which is defined as a clinical course
marked by systemic inflammation in the presence of infection in a newborn. There are limited data concerning neonatal sepsis in eastern
Ethiopia. As a result, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted to
intensive care units at general hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted among newborns hospitalized in
neonatal intensive care units. Using simple random sampling, the charts of 356 newborns who were hospitalized between January and
December 2019 were included, and data were collected using a pretested checklist. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and ana�lyzed with SPSS version 22.
Results: The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 45.8% (95% CI 40.7, 51.4). Prolonged rupture of the membrane (AOR=2.38, 95%
CI: [1.27-4.45]), vaginal delivery (AOR=1.78, 95%, CI: [1.09, 2.96]) APGAR score <7 (AOR=4.55, 95% CI: [2.49-8.29]), prelacteal feeding
(AOR=3.54, 95% CI: [1.68-8.23]), and mechanical ventilation (AOR=4.97,95%CI: [2.78-8.89]) were predictors associated with neonatal
sepsis.
Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high, and factors associated with neonatal sepsis included prolonged
rupture of membrane, mode of delivery, low APGAR score, prelacteal feeding and mechanical ventilation. As a result, maternal and neonatal
care should be enhanced to lower the risk of neonatal sepsis.
Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, infection, newborn, morbidity, mortality
... Numerous studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed that the magnitude of neonatal sepsis varied greatly depending on the geographic location [4,[16][17][18][19][20][21][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] ranging from 11.7% in North-West Ethiopia to 78.3% in South Ethiopia and 79.4% in North-East Ethiopia [4,20,32]. Considering that Sidama Regional State is one of Ethiopia's newest regional states, no previous research has been done despite the high rate of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with infections, most commonly neonatal sepsis, recognizing that various malfeasances exist in the area that could predispose newborns to infections, as well as the result of numerous studies carried out nationally that have demonstrated the magnitude of neonatal sepsis with great inconsistencies across different geographical regions. ...
Background
Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of disease and death among neonates globally. And it made a great contribution to neonatal admission to intensive care units. To mitigate the ongoing neonatal crisis and accomplish the goal of sustainable development through a decrease in neonatal mortality, information from various regions is needed. Despite the considerable burden of neonatal sepsis in our setting, no prior studies were conducted in the study area. So, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 287 neonates from March 1, 2020, to April 25, 2020. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi Data 3.1 software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 23.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with neonatal sepsis. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant during multivariable logistic regression.
Results
The study found that the magnitude of neonatal sepsis was 56%. The mean age of neonates was 3.2(SD±2.2) days. Around two-fifths (39%) of neonates were in the gestational age of <37 completed weeks. A quarter of mothers(25.8%) were delivered through cesarean section. During labor, 251 (87.5%) mothers had ≤4 digital vaginal examinations. Moreover, the finding revealed that mothers who delivered by cesarean section [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI (1.090-4.163)]. neonates who had been resuscitated at birth [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI (2.083-9.707)], and neonates who had NG tube inserted [AOR = 4.29, 95% CI (2.302-8.004)] were found to be significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.
Conclusions
The current study shows that neonatal sepsis was prevalent among more than half of the neonates admitted to the NICU. Therefore, designing strategies to enhance the aseptic techniques of professionals in the provision of care and actively and collaboratively working with cluster health facilities is highly recommended.
... UTIs have been associated with neonatal sepsis and an increased risk of stillbirth. Thus, treatment is important for the mother and child [11,12]. Furthermore, symptomatic UTIs are classified as cystitis and pyelonephritis involving the bladder and kidneys, respectively. ...
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial complication in pregnancy. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and bacterial etiology of UTI during pregnancy and determine the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs in treating UTIs. Methodology: Urine specimens and clinical data were collected from pregnant women who attended primary health centers in Erbil, Iraq. All specimens were cultured on appropriate media and identified by standard microbiological methods. The pregnant women were grouped into symptomatic UTI group, asymptomatic bacteriuria group, and the control group. The agar dilution method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: Among the 5,042 pregnant women included in this study, significant bacteriuria was found in 625 (12.40%) of the cases, and 198 (31.68%) had symptomatic UTI, of which 43.59% were diagnosed during the third trimester. Out of the 643 bacteria isolated, 33.28% were symptomatic UTI, of which 43.59% developed during the third trimester. There was a significant difference in the bacterial etiology between symptomatic UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (p = 0.002), as well as between cystitis and pyelonephritis (p = 0.017). The most common bacterial species isolated was Escherichia coli, which was susceptible to fosfomycin (100%), meropenem (99.45%), and nitrofurantoin (97.8%). Conclusions: Pregnant women are more likely to develop UTI in the third trimester. Escherichia coli is the predominant pathogen. The study suggests the use of fosfomycin, meropenem, and nitrofurantoin for the treatment of UTI. No Gram-positive isolates were resistant to daptomycin.
... To date, Neonatal sepsis is responsible for 1.6 times the global number of childhood deaths as malaria, and over four times the number of childhood deaths caused by HIV [4]. According to the systematic review and metaanalysis conducted in Ethiopia, the magnitude of NS among hospitalized neonates in different parts of the country ranged from 11.7% to 77. 9%, with an overall pooled estimate of 40.25% [6]. Despite the heavy burden of NS in the country, there is limited research on in-hospital treatment outcomes and contributing factors among hospitalised neonates in Ethiopia. ...
... All of the systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies have been published in the last three years. Of the included SRMA studies, two [11,18] reported both the prevalence and determinants of neonatal sepsis, two [19,20] reported only factors, and one [15] reported only prevalence. According to the included five SRMA studies, the reported estimate of the prevalence of neonatal sepsis ranged from 40.25% (95% CI:34.00%, ...
... I 2 = 99.2%) [18] to 49.98% (CI: 36.06, 63.90) [11] . ...
... In contrast, six primary studies [47][48][49][50][51][52] were specific to only Seyoum et al. [20] , two primary studies [53,54] were only taken into account by Bayih et al. [18] , and one primary study [55] was included by Desta et al. [12] alone, indicating that there was no overlapping of data from the aforesaid nine primary studies resulting in the different prevalence of neonatal sepsis among the included five SRMA studies, which in turn necessitated the conduct of this umbrella review (Table 2). ...
Background
Although neonatal sepsis is acknowledged as the primary cause of newborn death in Ethiopia, data on its impact at the national level are limited. Strong supporting data are required to demonstrate how this affects neonatal health. This umbrella study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of newborn sepsis and its relationship with maternal and neonatal factors.
Methods
This umbrella review included five articles from various databases. The AMSTAR-2 method was used to assess the quality of included systematic review and meta-analysis studies. STATA Version 18 software was used for statistical analysis. A random effects model was used to estimate the overall effects.
Results
In this umbrella review, 9032 neonates with an outcome of interest were included. The overall pooled prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 45% (95% CI: 39%–51%; I2=99.34). The overall pooled effect size showed that prematurity was significantly associated with neonatal sepsis [OR=3.11 (95% CI: 2.22-3.99)]. Furthermore, maternal factors are strongly associated with neonatal sepsis.
Conclusions
Nearly half of Ethiopian neonates are affected by neonatal sepsis. It is critical to reduce premature birth, low birth weight, and preterm membrane rupture to reduce the incidence of neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, it is preferable to design and strengthen policies and programs aimed at improving maternal nutritional status and treating maternal infections, which all contribute to lowering the burden of neonatal sepsis.
