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For how long different age groups use the phone daily. Teenagers (12-17 years) lead in usage, with around 190 minutes. Usage decreases with increase of age.
Source publication
Smartphone usage is a hot topic in pervasive computing due to their popularity and personal aspect. We present our initial results from analyzing how individual differences, such as gender and age, affect smartphone usage. The dataset comes from a large scale longitudinal study, the Menthal project. We select a sample of 30, 677 participants, from...
Citations
... Unsurprisingly, younger people were more likely to be affected, likely reflective of the very high penetration of smartphone use and screen use in this age group (Andone et al., 2016). Previous studies have shown that longer hours of smartphone use can increase the possibility of experiencing nomophobia (Gonçalves et al., 2020;Nawaz et al., 2017). ...
... Our results suggest that such vibrational stimuli could be used to boost theoretically any behavior that can be paired with a mobile vibration. Such use of mobile vibration feedback in consumptive contexts must strike a balance between supporting a positive consumer experience without exploiting consumers, especially those at higher risk of exploitation such as younger consumers who tend to be heavier mobile users (Andone et al. 2016) and constitute a behaviorally distinct and rapidly growing group of e-commerce users (SivaKumar and Gunasekaran 2017). ...
People spend a large portion of their day interacting with vibrating mobile devices, yet how consumers psychologically respond to haptic feedback from these devices and their effect on consumer decision-making is largely unknown. Integrating recent work on human-computer interaction and reward processing, the current research examines: (1) the relationship between vibration duration and reward response, (2) to what extent rewarding vibrations influence consumer choice, (3) the process by which this effect occurs, and (4) how the effect differs compared to other forms of feedback (visual and audio). We find that mobile vibrations evoke a reward response that is distinct from other forms of feedback, which in turn boosts purchasing in online shopping environments (increased item adds and higher basket totals), and that impulsive consumers tend to be more responsive to mobile vibrations. We examine the impact of mobile vibrations on consumer decision-making in a variety of experimental settings, drawing on a diverse participant pool, leveraging both controlled experiments, and a country-wide field experiment to assess important boundary conditions. These findings have important implications for the ethical design of haptic interfaces in the marketplace and the role of mobile vibrations as a novel form of reward.
... This is especially the case for young adults under age 30, for which smartphones are used more than any other device to access the online world (Flynn, 2023;Tsetsi & Rains, 2017;Walker, 2019), with the average U.S. smartphone user spending 5.40 hours per day on their smartphone (Flynn, 2023). In further support of this phenomenon, the Social category (including messaging and social media applications) is the most frequently used smartphone use category in young adults (Andone et al., 2016;Lavoie & Zheng, 2023;Sewall et al., 2020), with the smartphone as the primary device used to access social media . Moreover, smartphones serve as an external reminder of one's social network (Carolus et al., 2019). ...
... Descriptive statistics including skew and kurtosis for all variables are presented in Table 1. Consistent with prior studies using young adult populations (18-30 years; Andone et al., 2016;Lavoie & Zheng, 2023;Sewall et al., 2020) and in support of H1, results of a paired-samples t-test showed that the category with the greatest use per week (h/wk) was the Social one (M = 17.49, SD = 12.46), which was used much more frequently than the second highest, Entertainment (M = 6.30, ...
The current concerns theory and permanently online, permanently connected (POPC) theoretical frameworks suggest that smartphones are used to address thoughts (especially socially related ones) requiring online access that arise during mind wandering. The permanently online, permanently connected mindset proposes that online vigilance (cognitive preoccupation with the online world) is related to increased smartphone use behavior. Results from a sample of 188 U.S. undergraduates demonstrated stronger relationships for online vigilance and iPhone recorded social smartphone use with spontaneous than with deliberate mind wandering. Moreover, online vigilance mediated the relationship between spontaneous mind wandering and social smartphone use, though not for those highest in trait mindfulness. Overall, in support of the POPC framework, results suggest that online vigilance and spontaneous mind wandering are both predictors and outcomes of higher social smartphone use. Future research could explore the extent to which spontaneous mind wandering consists of online related thoughts.
... A study on the effect of presence of a partner on empathic accuracy found higher empathic accuracy in younger couples when partner was present but no differences between older and younger couples when the target partner was absent [26]. In turn, the usage of smartphone messengers and experience in smartphone mediated communication are negatively correlated with age [27,28]. In a recent study on the smartphone use in the German general population, different types of smartphone users are identified regarding their frequency, skills, and activities. ...
Background
How accurate are empathic judgments of couples in smartphone messenger communication? Are judgments influenced by the level of experience with messengers and communication frequency?.
Objectives
The current preregistered study introduced a novel ecological assessment method and a privacy by design approach to study couples’ empathic accuracy in a messenger context.
Methods
Data from N = 102 participants (51 couples) was used to investigate how accurate judgments of partners’ affect map their partners’ actual affect.
Results
Our results demonstrate tracking accuracy and assumed similarity bias in reciprocal empathic judgments of affective valence and arousal during social messenger texting. A small moderation effect for experience with text messengers was found, indicating that partners with higher experience have a higher bias of assumed similarity when rating their partner’s valence. A small moderation effect for communication frequency confirms that higher messenger communication frequency is associated with more accurate judgments of arousal.
Conclusion
These results point to the reciprocal action of accuracy and bias in couples’ messenger communication and the distinct influences of experience and usage. The feasibility and further application of the ecological messenger-based assessment of couples’ empathic accuracy in interpersonal research are discussed.
... In the context of our pre-study enrollment demographics, a significant disparity was observed in the age distribution between participants and patients declining to participate, with the latter group exhibiting a higher mean age, attributed to smartphone-related barriers (device availability and lack of technical skill). Despite the increased popularity of wearable technology within the general population, as well as clinical and research domains, an inverse relationship between age and the propensity to utilize smartphones and wearable devices has been documented [1,2,[16][17][18]. This currently limits the applicability of the "bring-your-own-device" strategy in geriatric fracture populations. ...
Background/Objectives: Using a patient’s own wearable sensor to obtain objective outcome data is a growing field in trauma allowing for the assessment of the recovery trajectory back toward the pre-injury performance. The aim of this study was to analyze recruitment characteristics and reasons for declined study participation in an orthopedic trauma study that measures postoperative recovery using wearables. Methods: Data from 225 patients screened for participation in a wearable-sensor-based outcome study were assessed. The influence of age, sex and injury location on study participation was analyzed. Reasons for patients declining to participate were investigated from the screening log. Availability and type of sensor system in patients agreeing to participate were analyzed. Results: Overall, 48% of patients agreed to participate. Age was the only significantly different factor between agreeing and declining patients (p < 0.05). The main reasons to decline study participation were technical difficulties with or inability to use the wearable device, lack of availability of a wearable, and general disinterest to participate in a study. Notably, 7% declined due to data safety concerns. Conclusions: The results show that age, availability of the wearable, and technical ability to use a wearable are the main obstacles impacting objective outcome measurement using a personal wearable device. In studies including geriatric patients, a dedicated device requiring no patient handling can be a valid option to improve enrollment. Understanding the reasons for declining to participate will facilitate the development of future sensor-based studies to address concerns of technical handling through alternative means of data harvesting and increase the inclusion rate. These outcomes will guide future study designs to optimize patient inclusion.
... Particularly noteworthy is the high average smartphone usage in our samples (see Table 1). Such elevated usage rates may not be representative of older adults (Andone et al., 2016). Moreover, acknowledging the potential presence of selection effects is crucial, as participants who chose to participate in the study may differ from those who opted out due to privacy concerns or other factors related to smartphone usage patterns (e.g., all samples include only Android users). ...
Given the pervasive role of smartphones in modern life, research into their impact on well-being has flourished. This study addresses existing methodological shortcomings using smartphone log data and experience sampling methods (ESM) to explore the bidirectional within-person relationship between smartphone usage and momentary well-being variables (i.e., affect valence, loneliness, positive affect, and negative affect). We further examine different categories of smartphone usage, namely, communication, social media, and other apps. We analyze three samples (N1 = 225, N2 = 17, N3 = 13; with T1 = 7,874, T2 = 2,566, T3 = 1,533 ESM reports) with multilevel models to test our preregistered hypotheses. Data for Sample I were collected in Spain in 2022 (82% female; Mage = 23.1). Samples II and III (80% female; Mage = 21.6) were collected in the Netherlands between 2021 and 2022. Our results suggest that smartphone usage within an hour before ESM assessment, especially using social media apps, is associated with reduced affect valence and increased loneliness on a within-person level. Loneliness was associated with more smartphone usage than usual, particularly the use of social media apps, within the hour following ESM assessments. However, overall, our findings indicate weak bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and indicators of momentary well-being (range standardized β = .00–.08). On the between-person level, those individuals generally high in loneliness were more affected in their momentary loneliness by prior social media use, suggesting a heightened social media sensitivity. The interplay between social media use and momentary loneliness should be studied in more detail, including contextual factors and experimental designs.
... Consistent with prior research among children and adolescents [11], our study reinforced the observation that younger individuals across gender in our diverse, multi-ethnic adult sample exhibited a heightened susceptibility to PSU, with results suggesting that females in the 21-30 age group displayed greater susceptibility compared to males. The observed age-related vulnerability may be linked to the type and degree of smartphone engagement among younger adults [62], which may render younger individuals more susceptible to gratification and reinforcement patterns and thus contribute to PSU [63]. Age-related difference could be associated with developmental and societal norms. ...
Introduction
Despite the many benefits of smartphones, researchers have raised concerns over problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its negative effects on physical and psychological well-being. Studies examining PSU and its impact among adults remain limited. Hence, we aim to examine the prevalence of PSU among adults in Singapore, and explore its associations with smartphone activities, sleep quality, and psychological well-being, as well as age and gender-related differences in these associations.
Methods
A household survey (n = 1200) was conducted among multi-ethnic Singapore adults aged 21 to 60. The survey employed a proportionate stratified random sampling approach. The Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version was used to determine risk of PSU. Adjusted multivariable logistic regressions, age-stratified (21–30, and above 30) analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results
The survey response rate was 45.7%. PSU prevalence rate was estimated to be 34.0%. Adults at risk were younger (OR = 3.72, p < 0.001), had poor sleep quality (OR = 2.94), reported depressive (OR = 2.84, p = 0.001) or anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.44, p < 0.001), tend to use smartphones for social media (OR = 2.81, p = 0.002) or entertainment (OR = 2.72, p < 0.001). Protective factors include higher levels of social support (OR = 0.76, p = 0.007), using smartphones for calling family (OR = 0.39, p = 0.003) and friends (OR = 0.53, p = 0.030), and spending four hours or less of smartphone usage duration (OR = 0.40, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings. Associations between PSU and poor sleep quality (OR = 3.72, p < 0.001), depressive (OR = 3.83, p < 0.001), and anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.59, p = 0.004) and social media usage (OR = 3.46, p < 0.001) were more pronounced in adults over 30. PSU was more prevalent among females in those aged 21–30 (OR = 2.60, p = 0.022). Social support appears to be a protective factor for adults over 30 (OR = 0.64, p < 0.001) but was not observed in those aged 21–30. Among males, younger age (21–30 years), poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, and using social media and entertainment apps were significantly associated with PSU. Females showed similar associations. Social support appears to be a protective factor for females (OR = 0.70, p = 0.018), but this association was not observed for males. Shorter smartphone usage times were inversely associated with PSU in both genders.
Conclusion
A substantial proportion of adults exhibited PSU. Findings highlight the differential associations between PSU and psychological well-being, social support, interactions with technology, and sleep quality. These associations are influenced by age which has implications for preventive efforts.
... While evidence generally indicates that retrospective data collection is prone to bias irrespective of overestimation or under-estimation [21][22][23], to our knowledge, no research has been carried out to compare retrospective recall surveys and prospective EMAs to assess smartphone use within the same cohort of participants. While there is some evidence of over-estimation of sedentary behaviours when reporting retrospectively [21], and discrepancies in reporting smartphone use between males and females [24], our study is the first digital epidemiological investigation that compared smartphone use reporting retrospectively and prospectively among the same cohort of youth. There is some evidence that individuals who are more socially engaged might over-estimate their smartphone use, while individuals who under-estimate their smartphone use may have lost track of time [22]. ...
... Finally, the contextual and sociodemographic associations of smartphone use also have to be captured prospectively to minimize bias, while again, appreciating the complexity of smartphone access itself [12]. For instance, male youth citizen scientists reported less smartphone use compared to female youth citizen scientists, which is consistent with the findings of other studies [24]. ...
Ubiquitous use of smartphones among youth poses significant challenges related to non-communicable diseases, including poor mental health. Although traditional survey measures can be used to assess smartphone use among youth, they are subject to recall bias. This study aims to compare self-reported smartphone use via retrospective modified traditional recall survey and prospective Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) among youth. This study uses data from the Smart Platform, which engages with youth as citizen scientists. Youth (N = 77) aged 13–21 years in two urban jurisdictions in Canada (Regina and Saskatoon) engaged with our research team using a custom-built application via their own smartphones to report on a range of behaviours and outcomes on eight consecutive days. Youth reported smartphone use utilizing a traditional validated measure, which was modified to capture retrospective smartphone use on both weekdays and weekend days. In addition, daily EMAs were also time-triggered over a period of eight days to capture prospective smartphone use. Demographic, behavioural, and contextual factors were also collected. Data analyses included t-test and linear regression using Python statistical software. There was a significant difference between weekdays, weekends and overall smartphone use reported retrospectively and prospectively (p-value = <0.001), with youth reporting less smartphone use via EMAs. Overall retrospective smartphone use was significantly associated with not having a part-time job (β = 139.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.759, 244.519, p-value = 0.010) and having more than two friends who are physically active (β = -114.72, 95%[CI] = -208.872, -20.569, p-value = 0.018). However, prospective smartphone use reported via EMAs was not associated with any behavioural and contextual factors. The findings of this study have implications for appropriately understanding and monitoring smartphone use in the digital age among youth. EMAs can potentially minimize recall bias of smartphone use among youth, and other behaviours such as physical activity. More importantly, digital citizen science approaches that engage large populations of youth using their own smartphones can transform how we ethically monitor and mitigate the impact of excessive smartphone use.
... Lastly, regarding the use of digital technologies, it seems that females are more prone and present more risk factors for mobile phone addiction [62]. This is because the time spent on mobile phones by females is longer than that of males [63], with a daily average of 166.78 min compared to 154.26 min [64]. In addition, females are more active users of communication and social networking applications, as well as entertainment applications and security functions, which has been linked in previous research to a higher risk of addiction [63]. ...
Mobile applications positively influence the practice of physical activity in adolescents, but the effect of this improvement on the psychological state and the addictive use of technologies in this population is unknown. For this reason, the aims of the present investigation were to establish the differences in psychological variables and problematic mobile phone use by adolescents after a 10-week intervention with mobile apps, according to gender and the different mobile applications used. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Spain with 400 adolescents aged 12–16 years (mean age: 13.96±1.21 years old) whose physical activity level, satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, life satisfaction, and addictive use of the mobile phone were measured. Two measurements were taken, with a 10-week intervention period in between. During the intervention, adolescents in the experimental group (EG) must use one of the selected mobile applications (Strava, Pacer, MapMyWalk, or Pokémon-Go) a minimum of 3 times per week, covering the distance indicated for each week. The use of the mobile applications was randomized for each class group, and an explanation was given to the adolescents prior to the start of the intervention. The results showed that EG showed a significant improvement in the psychological variables (p=0.003−0.036) compared to the control group and also a decreased problematic mobile phone use (p=0.004). Specifically, females in the EG increased autonomy (p=0.010), relatedness (p=0.019), and life satisfaction (p=0.020), while males improved relatedness (p=0.021) and competence (p=0.018). In addition, the different applications used could influence autonomy, relatedness, and problematic mobile phone use. To conclude, the use of mobile step trackers could be useful to maintain an adequate psychological state of the adolescent population without increasing the addictive or problematic use of these technologies.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04860128.
... Future experimental restriction studies should recruit adolescent minors (younger than 18), as well as older adults (ages 26 and older) from other generations (e.g., Millennials, Gen Xers, Boomers), to observe effects on people from different age groups and cohorts. For example, younger people might benefit more than older people from restricting social media because they may be more susceptible to social influence or are heavier users [41,73]. To increase generalizability, such studies also need to be conducted in different cultures (e.g., individualist vs. collectivist, tight vs. loose), settings (e.g., urban vs. rural), and languages, as such variables could moderate effects. ...
Both scientists and laypeople have become increasingly concerned about smartphones, especially their associated digital media (e.g., email, news, gaming, and dating apps) and social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat). Recent correlational research links substantial declines in Gen Z well-being to digital and social media use, yet other work suggests the effects are small and unnoteworthy. To help further disentangle correlation from causation, we conducted a preregistered 8-day experimental deprivation study with Gen Z individuals (N = 338). Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) restrict digital media (i.e., smartphone) use, (2) restrict social media use, (3) restrict water use (active control), or (4) restrict nothing (measurement-only control). Relative to controls, participants restricting digital media reported a variety of benefits, including higher life satisfaction, mindfulness, autonomy, competence, and self-esteem, and reduced loneliness and stress. In contrast, those assigned to restrict social media reported relatively few benefits (increased mindfulness) and even some potential costs (increased negative emotion).
