Fig 3 - Nanoemulsions of Chamomile and Cumin Essential Oils: As an Alternative Bio-rational Control Approach against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Food conversion efficiency (± SE) (A) and feeding deterrence (± SE) (B) of red flour beetles exposed to increasing concentrations of essential oil nanoemulsions of chamomile and cumin. The symbols represent the mean of three independent replicates. Progeny production and grain loss The insects surviving with were able to reproduce while maintaining their feeding activity. Although, the progeny production of the exposed adults of the red flour beetles decreased with the concentrations of both essential oils with similar rate, the effect of the cumin NE was always stronger leading to lower progeny emergence (Fig. 4A). The

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Reference

Nanoemulsions of Chamomile and Cumin Essential Oils: As an Alternative Bio-rational Control Approach against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Food-conversion-efficiency-SE-A-and-feeding-deterrence-SE-B-of-red-flour_fig2_349675177 [accessed 25 Mar 2025]

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Fig. 3. Food conversion efficiency (± SE) (A) and feeding deterrence (± SE) (B) of red flour beetles exposed to increasing concentrations of essential oil nanoemulsions of chamomile and cumin. The symbols represent the mean of three independent replicates. Progeny production and grain loss The insects surviving with were able to reproduce while maintaining their feeding activity. Although, the progeny production of the exposed adults of the red flour beetles decreased with the concentrations of both essential oils with similar rate, the effect of the cumin NE was always stronger leading to lower progeny emergence (Fig. 4A). The

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<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Food-conversion-efficiency-SE-A-and-feeding-deterrence-SE-B-of-red-flour_fig2_349675177"><img src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Hashem/publication/349675177/figure/fig2/AS:1011146408603648@1618087498217/Food-conversion-efficiency-SE-A-and-feeding-deterrence-SE-B-of-red-flour.ppm" alt="Food conversion efficiency (± SE) (A) and feeding deterrence (± SE) (B) of red flour beetles exposed to increasing concentrations of essential oil nanoemulsions of chamomile and cumin. The symbols represent the mean of three independent replicates. Progeny production and grain loss The insects surviving with were able to reproduce while maintaining their feeding activity. Although, the progeny production of the exposed adults of the red flour beetles decreased with the concentrations of both essential oils with similar rate, the effect of the cumin NE was always stronger leading to lower progeny emergence (Fig. 4A). The"/></a>