Figure 4 - uploaded by Dana Clark
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Flowering stages of Zostera marina: 1) styles erect from the spadix 2 , 2) styles bend back after pollination, 3) pollen is released from the anthers 3 , 4) seed maturation, 5) seeds are released. Image taken from Infantes and Moksnes (2018).
Source publication
The purpose of this report was to examine the potential for low impact forms of seagrass restoration in Aotearoa New Zealand, with a focus on the Whakatū/Nelson region. Seagrass restoration methods and decision-making frameworks used internationally were reviewed. We also provide information to support some of these decisions including the environm...
Contexts in source publication
Context 2
... seeds attached to floating shoots can also disperse (Stafford-Bell et al. 2016), therefore, beach-cast wrack may be a potential source of seeds for restoration. Seagrass flowering and seed production has various stages (e.g., Figure 4), following seasonal patterns controlled by light, temperature and nutrients ). An in-depth understanding of sexual reproduction for the target seagrass population is important given the variation that can occur between species and populations ( Kendrick et al. 2012;. ...
Similar publications
This Seagrass Restoration Handbook provides foundational and practical guidance
on the restoration and conservation of seagrasses and seagrass beds in the UK and
Ireland with a focus on the Zostera species: common eelgrass (Zostera marina) and
dwarf eelgrass (Zostera noltei). The guidance outlined is also relevant to restoration
projects across the...
Citations
... Our study builds on a recent review of alternative techniques for seagrass restoration that could have a lower environmental impact than traditional transplantation approaches (Clark & Berthelsen 2021). The overarching aims of our project were to engage with Nelson locals to gather information relevant to seagrass restoration and to investigate less impactful methods of seagrass propagation. ...
... Taking whole plants from existing meadows and transplanting them to a restoration site is a common method of active restoration for seagrass (Ferretto et al. 2021). This method has the potential to negatively impact the healthy 'donor' meadows, especially on a large scale; however, it is the primary technique used in Aotearoa restoration projects to date (Clark & Berthelsen 2021). ...
An undergraduate summer report summarising research to inform seagrass restoration in Aotearoa
... Seagrass restoration is a rapidly maturing discipline with increasing rates of success, but improved restoration practices are needed to enhance the success of future programmes (Tan et al. 2020). The first step in successful restoration is to establish the physical, biological, and chemical stressors responsible for the loss and/or lack of recovery of historic seagrass meadows (Clark and Berthelsen 2021). Decisions then need to be made on whether such factors have been remedied or reduced to ensure the conditions for restoration are adequate for passive (natural recovery) or active restoration (seeding, transplanting). ...
... Propagation from seed has not yet been trialled for Z. muelleri in A-NZ due to lack of seed source (Clark and Berthelsen 2021;Zabarte-Maeztu et al. 2021b). Reports of seagrass producing seed in A-NZ are rare, but due to the inconspicuous nature of the flowering shoots that emerge near the sediment surface (inflorescence, see: Final A4 Seagrass Guide.indd ...
... Potential methods for collecting, processing, storing and planting of seagrass seed in Te Tauihu was recently reviewed by (Clark and Berthelsen 2021). This showed that information on the requirements for Z. muelleri seed germination and early phase of seedling survival are not currently available. ...
Te Tauihu (Top of the South Island, NZ) Councils (MLDC, NLCC, TLDC) sought advice on options for activities or actions to reverse the decline in state of coastal and marine habitats to build resilience in these habitats likely to be impacted by climate change. An Envirolink medium advice grant was used to review local reasons for restoration, summarise existing relevant marine restoration techniques and identify methods or species relevant for Te Tauihu highlighting ‘shovel-ready’ projects. Shellfish restoration was considered the top priority because of the areal extent of historic degradation. Restoration of such habitats are very likely to produce additional benefits to fisheries production (shellfisheries, fishes), and contribute to reducing climate change risks (through carbon sequestration and through the greater resilience provided by healthy ecosystems). Successful restoration of shellfish and seaweeds/grasses is more likely if soft sediment habitats can also be protected from benthic disturbance and if terrestrial sediment discharge into coastal marine areas is reduced. Recent restoration successes (e.g., green-lipped mussels, saltmarsh) and increasing knowledge of climate change risks provide encouragement and impetus to continue broadening the scope and scale of marine restoration efforts in Te Tauihu.
