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Flowchart of the method. Red rectangles are main inputs, yellow circles are processing steps, light blue rectangles are common outputs and dark blue rectangles are main outputs.
Source publication
The Arctic is experiencing the greatest increase in air temperature on Earth. This significant climatic change is leading to a significant positive trend of increasing wave heights and greater coastal erosion. This in turn effects local economies and ecosystems. Increasing wave energy is one of the main drivers of this alarming trend. However, the...
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The coastal zone faces an ever-growing risk associated with climate-driven change, including sea level rise and increased frequency of extreme natural hazards. Coastal processes are governed by the dynamic ocean and atmospheric factors with constantly changing conditions. Often the location and dynamism of coastal regions makes them a formidable en...
Shoreline management planning is entering its third generation in the UK and its first in NZ. In both countries Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) aim to establish the short, medium, and long term ‘management intent’ for unique, distinct stretches of coast by understanding coastal processes, hazards, and risks. They also aim to reflect the interests...
Citations
... The method was applied for studies of sea state in the Arctic. All archive TS-X SM scenes acquired over the Canadian coast in an area north of 68° latitude around Herschel Island (north of Alaska) for summer periods (175 partially ice-free scenes found) were processed in scope of a study [30] to assess the bottom shear stress which triggers erosion and were validated against the hindcast model [21]. Although the acquisitions with high percentages of ice and ice floes in many scenes were difficult for processing, the filtering and control-of-features procedures allowed to detect the largest proportion of icespoiled subscenes as "non-valid" and reach a total accuracy of 0.37 m for Hs. ...
... The application of the method by processing TS-X SM in the Arctic (Herschel Island north of Alaska, ca. 69° latitude, 175 scenes in archive) with partial ice coverage shows the total accuracy of 0.37 m for Hs [30] by comparison to the hindcast model results MFWAM. This is only 2 cm below the RMSE for TS-X SM reported in the study conducted in ice-free zones south of 60° latitude. ...
This paper introduces an improved system for sea state observations for Near Real-Time (NRT) services using satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The empirical algorithm SAR-SeaStaR (SAR Sea State Retrieval) applies a combination of a classical approach using linear regression (LR) with machine learning (ML). SAR-SeaStaR includes a series of filtering and control procedures and a series of LR and ML model functions for different satellites/modes and following integrated sea state parameters: total significant wave height
Hs
, wave heights of dominant and secondary swells and windsea, mean, first and second moment wave periods
Tm2
, and windsea period. SAR scenes are processed in raster format, the output are fields for each parameter showing their spatial distribution. In the scope of this study, the ML models were developed for
Hs
and
Tm2
and implemented into SAR-SeaStaR for processing Level-1 products of X-band TerraSAR-X (TS-X) StripMap (SM) and C-band Sentinel-1 (S1) Interferometric Wide Swath Mode (IW), S1 Extra Wide (EW). The validations are based on processing large worldwide archives with several years of acquisitions. Hindcast data from numerical spectral models and
in-situ
buoys measurements are used as ground truth. The root mean squared errors of the complete system reached from these archived data for Hs are RMSE=0.35 m for TS-X SM (pixel spacing ca. 1.2-4.5 m pixel), RMSE=0.25 m for S1 Wave Mode (WV, ca. 3.5 m pixels), RMSE=0.42 m for the coarser S1 IW (10 m pixels) and RMSE=0.52 m for S1 EW (40 m pixels). SAR-SeaStaR was implemented in the Sea State Processor software using modular architecture and applied at the DLR Ground Station in Neustrelitz as part of an NRT demonstrator service. S1 IW data acquired over North and Baltic Sea are processed automatically, surface wind and sea state parameters are provided daily.
Permafrost coasts are eroding at an accelerating pace, delivering vast amounts of sediments, organic matter, nutrients, and pollutants into the Arctic Ocean. These fluxes play a crucial role in the coastal biogeochemical cycle, yet their magnitude, as well as the trajectory and fate of the eroded material, is largely unknown. Direct observations of hydrodynamics in the Arctic nearshore zone are needed to overcome this issue, but these are challenging and scarce. Here, we report on direct current measurements performed in the nearshore zone. We deployed two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) in 7‐ and 12‐m water depth close to Herschel Island–Qikiqtaruk Yukon, Canada, to measure current velocities and directions throughout the water column. The data show that the currents change on a synoptic scale based on meteo‐oceanographic forcing. During storms, these currents exceed the threshold of bottom sediment remobilization. The mobilization potential in the nearshore zone is therefore primarily related to wind forcing but can be strongly diminished by the presence of sea ice. These observations have implications for the future state of the Arctic nearshore zone, because larger fetches and a longer open water season could enhance sediment mobilization and dispersal.
