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Flow chart showing the extraction process and bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanol extract from the aerial parts of C. didymus.
Source publication
Objective:
To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays.
Methods:
Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the in vitro antioxidant activity of a number of different extracts...
Context in source publication
Citations
... The free radical scavenging ability of the BLUBE was tested using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The DPPH test was performed with slight modifications to the conditions reported by Noreen et al. 112 . Briefly, 20 μL of extract (25-200 μg/mL) or methanol as blank were mixed with 180 μL methanolic solution of DPPH (0.1 mM). ...
Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a rich source of secondary metabolites known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. These compounds are essential in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 small intestine cells using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), creating a cellular model to investigate the biochemical response. The obtained results showed that a blueberry extract (BLUBE) significantly exhibited strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS in vitro tests. Additionally, BLUBE effectively inhibited the release of reactive species in cells and enhanced cytoprotective response, as indicated by improved wound healing and clonogenic potential reduction of stress fibers rearrangement and apoptosis. Metabolomic analysis, specifically High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS), was employed to elucidate the metabolic alterations associated with the protective activity of BLUBE against oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells. Chemometric approaches were applied to preprocess the data, explore variability, and identify systematic biases, ensuring the removal of batch effects and other experimental artifacts. A Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis classification model confirmed clear group stratifications with high accuracy (98.75 ± 2.31%), sensitivity, and specificity, aiding in the identification of significant metabolites for pathway enrichment analysis. Key metabolic pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism, were significantly modulated, supporting the biochemical basis of BLUBE’s protective effects. In fact, BLUBE was able to partially reverse the downregulation of these pathways, effectively reducing oxidative stress and promoting cell survival. This study highlights the power of HR-MS-based metabolomics in uncovering the mechanisms of nutraceuticals and emphasizes the potential of BLUBE as a protective agent for oxidative stress-related diseases. It also underscores the growing significance of metabolomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
... The antioxidant test was conducted by taking 100 μL of patchouli oil (20-100 μg/mL), yellow champaca oil (20-100 μg/mL), and standard (ascorbic acid) (2-10 μg/mL), mixed with 2.9 mL of ABTS solution. After incubation for 6 minutes, absorbance for each sample and standard was measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the maximum wavelength (Noreen et al., 2017). Each measurement had three replications. ...
... The ABTS method had the lowest IC50 value among the three methods, for all samples. These results were in line with Noreen et al. (2017), where the ABTS method had an IC50 of 432 μg/mL, which was lower than the DPPH method with 780 μg/mL. Therefore, the ABTS method can be considered more effective in radical scavenging than DPPH, possibly due to compatibility, polarity, and chemical properties causing varied bioactivity. ...
Context: The patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) and yellow champaca (Magnolia champaca) oils present a promising natural alternative compared to synthetic anti-aging products that may entail potential side effects in facial wash formulations. Aims: To assess the safety and effectiveness of the combination of P. cablin and M. champaca oils in a facial wash formulation for preventing and reducing skin aging. Methods: The antioxidant activity of P. cablin and M. champaca oil was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The quality assessment of the facial wash included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and foam height evaluations. Simultaneously, the stability test encompassed accelerated, prolonged, and centrifugation stability evaluations. The clinical testing of the formulation involved the assessment of elasticity, pigment, and moisture content. Results: The results revealed that the antioxidant tests conducted on P. cablin and M. champaca oil, utilizing DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, produced values IC50 (μg/mL) of 61.77 and 81.05, 36.33 and 69.60, and 101.85 and 132.06, respectively. These findings suggest that P. cablin and M. champaca oil could be effectively incorporated into a facial wash, meeting favorable evaluation criteria. The formulated product exhibited antioxidant activity, effectively enhanced elasticity and moisture content, reduced facial pigmentation, displayed no signs of irritation, including erythema and edema, and complied with standards for microbial and heavy metal contamination parameters. Conclusions: The results affirm that P. cablin and M. champaca oil hold the potential to be developed as anti-aging agents in facial wash cosmetic products, as validated by clinical tests on human skin.
... The extent of decolorization indicates the magnitude of the reduction. The Beer-Lambert law was observed to hold within the range of absorptions (Noreen et al., 2017). Notably, MAgNPs demonstrated significantly higher free radical scavenging activity compared to the leaf extracts alone (Figure 7 E). ...
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has recently emerged as a promising approach in nanomedicine, particularly for targeted therapeutic applications. Green synthesized (plant-based) nanoparticles have been shown to offer enhanced reduction efficiency, greater bioavailability, and improved stability compared to synthetic nanoparticles. Here, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Magnolia alba leaf extract. The formation of these Magnolia-derived silver nanoparticles (MAgNPs) was verified through UV-Vis spectroscopy and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed that the MAgNPs have a mean diameter of 40 nm and a spherical morphology. The antibacterial efficacy of MAgNPs, evaluated by the well diffusion method, showed significant activity against E. coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterococcus faecalis, and strains of methicillin-resistant and -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Disc diffusion and plaque assays demonstrated notable antifungal activity against Candida albicans and antiviral activity against bacteriophage T7. In vitro studies with HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, MAgNPs exhibited significant bi-phasic inhibition of cancer cell growth. These effects were greater than that of the magnolia leaf extracts alone, confirming the green synthesized nanoparticles’ bioactive efficacy. These findings suggest that MAgNPs possess significant antimicrobial and anticancer activities, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents for certain infections and cancers. Antioxidant assays indicated that MAgNPs exhibit greater antioxidant activity than magnolia leaf extract alone. Results suggest that MAgNPs may have promise as antioxidants for treating free radical-induced disorders. Additionally, MAgNPs showed efficient photocatalytic degradation of the azo bond in methyl orange within 30 minutes, suggesting they may provide a sustainable approach to certain types of environmental pollution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Magnolia alba and examination of their antioxidant and photocatalytic properties, their killing and inhibitory effects on various bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages, and colon cancer.
... In contrast, the intensity of this absorption is directly proportional to the total amount of phenolic substances present. This is most often expressed in standard gallic acid equivalents (mg/L GAE) [12,13]. ...
Juniper cones are widely used in the food industry and medicine. The aim of this study was to identify juniper growth sites with the highest concentrations of carbohydrates, fats, organic acids and phenols in their cone berries, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties. Research was conducted on 23 different populations from Slovakia, along with fruits purchased from commercial sources in Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic. The content of fermentable sugars in industrial samples was higher in Juniperus communis than in J. oxycedrus (360 and 197 g/kg, respectively), and 20% higher in samples from Albania than those from Slovakia. The carbohydrates included glucose and fructose; the latter was 35% less. We selected groups based on a cluster analysis of the content of organic substances in juniper cone berries and their antioxidant activity, collected from different Slovakian populations. So, based on the conducted research, it was established that the content of organic substances, particularly sugars, in cone berries decreased with elevation in the mountains and was the best at medium altitudes. At the same time, the antioxidant effect was better in cone berries collected on the north side at all altitudes. The best in terms of the content of phenols and antioxidant activity were the populations located on the northern, rather steep slopes in the lowlands of the Slovak Carpathians. These indicators fell with the increase in altitude in the mountains, especially from the southern side. The best places to collect raw materials are populations from middle latitudes: Chhrámec, Teplá dolina, lokalita 1, Horné lazy, Iliaš, Priechod-South, Priechod-West, Spišsky hrad, Selčianske sedlo, Cerovo, Poprad, Kišovce–Hôrka, Ostrá hora, Teplá dolina 2, Kráľová 2, and Kráľová 1. The cone berries can be used as the raw material base for producing the Slovak national alcoholic drink “Borovichka”.
... The free radical scavenging was done using DPPH assay (Noreen et al., 2017). An ELISA reader took the OD 517 . ...
... The superimposed chromatographic profiles for each of the standards and their retention time with respect to the aqueous extract of RGT area shown below ( Figure 1). The seven chromatographic profiles ( Figure 2) correspond to the seven standards of the identified components, each of which was injected at five different concentrations (50,25,20,15,10, and 5 µg/mL). The calibration curve represents the average of experiments conducted in triplicate. ...
... These profiles allow for the identification of the components present in the aqueous extract part of RGT (Figure 1a), the standards (Figure 1b), and an overlaid chromatographic profile (Figure 1c). It is important to note that, although the chromatographic profile corresponding to the aqueous extract of RGT shows eight peaks, our focus was solely on the identification of biologically relevant components with high antioxidant potential [20][21][22][23][24]. The results obtained regarding the profile and elution times of these components are consistent with previous research [19]. ...
... Trolox is a synthetic form of tocopherol, which is one of the forms of vitamin E [41]. The primary reason for its use as a reference is its greater stability compared to some natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols found in foods and plant extracts [20]. This stability means that it does not oxidize as easily when exposed to oxygen and light, making it suitable for laboratory assays. ...
Abstract: The incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into alginate–gelatin (Alg-Gel) hydrogels can enhance the properties of these materials for bone regeneration applications, due to the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs and non-cytotoxic concentrations, osteoinductive properties, and regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, the hydrogel formulation included 2% (w/v) sodium alginate, 4 μg/mL AgNPs, and 2.5% (w/v) gelatin. AgNPs were synthesized using a 2% (w/v) aqueous extract of roasted green tea with silver nitrate. The aqueous extract of roasted green tea for AgNP synthesis was characterized using HPLC and UHPLC-ESI-QTOFMS/
MS, and antioxidant capacity was measured in Trolox equivalents (TE) from 4 to 20 nmol/well concentrations. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous tooth cells were used for differentiation assays including positive (SHEDs/hydrogel with AgNPs) and negative controls (hydrogel without AgNPs). FTIR was used for hydrogel chemical characterization. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05, ANOVA) confirmed significant findings. Roasted green tea extract contained caffeine (most abundant), (−)-Gallocatechin, gallic acid, and various catechins. XRD analysis revealed FCC structure,
TEM showed quasispheroidal AgNPs (19.85 ± 3 nm), and UV–Vis indicated a plasmon surface of 418 nm. This integration of nanotechnology and biomaterials shows promise for addressing bone tissue loss in clinical and surgical settings.
... The prepared samples were agitated and placed in dark for 30 min at 37 ºC. An equal amount of DMSO (0.1 mL) was used as a control and the absorbance at 593 nm was recorded77 . Here, FeSO 4 was used for calibration, and the results were compared with positive control, ascorbic acid. ...
Strategies to increase the secondary metabolite production, obtained from medicinal plants has been the topic of research in recent years. The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants allows host-fungus pairings to enhance secondary metabolite synthesis. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of inoculating two distinct AMF species discretely as well as in conjunction on the flower-derived secondary metabolites in Gomphrena globosa. The findings showed that the plants inoculated with combined treatment exhibited higher total phenolic (50.11 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (29.67 mg QE/g DW), saponins (122.55 mg DE/g DW), tannins (165.71 TAE/g DW) and terpenoid (8.24 mg LE/g DW) content in the methanolic extract. HPTLC examination showed the existence of kaempferol and benzoic acid with the highest amount (0.90% and 5.83% respectively) observed in the same treatment. FTIR analysis revealed functional group peaks with increased peak intensity in the combination treatment. Higher antioxidant activities such as DPPH (IC50: 401.39 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 71.18 µg/mL) and FRAP (8774.73 µM Fe (II) equivalent) were observed in the methanolic extract of combined treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the impact of AMF inoculation on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in G. globosa flowers. Moreover, this study could lead to the development of novel pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies for various diseases.
... The total phenolic content is 77.61 ± 1.5 mg GAE/100 g. Phenolic compounds are known for their antioxidant properties, and can help in reducing inflammation and preventing chronic diseases [38]. The total flavonoid content is 88%, which can play a significant role in protecting cells from oxidative damage, and which provide anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects [39]. ...
The nutritional analyses of a sports drink premix (SDP) made with sorghum flour, Bengal gram flour, seed mix, chicory root powder and a natural flavor mix, showed 66.7 g carbohydrates, 15.8 g protein, 7.43 g fat, and 14.21 g fiber per 100 g. Mineral analysis showed that the presence of electrolytes with potassium was the highest. The total phenolic content was 77.61 mg GAE/100 g, the total DPPH was 93%/100 g of sports drink premix, and the total flavonoid content was 88%/100 g of sports drink premix. The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tubercular compounds.
... These results support the good antioxidant capacity of stem bark extract and fraction. High content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds means higher antioxidant activity of the plants (Noreen et al., 2017;Yan et al., 2024). ...
In modern medicine, synthetic drugs are predominant, yet they often pose health hazards. So, there is a need to find natural alternatives. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. F.) Wight & Arn., belongs to family Rhamnaceae, is well known for its traditional value such as its fruits have been used as natural appetizer and orally consumed around the world. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of crude and fractionated extracts from the stem bark of Ziziphus nummularia. Crude extracts were prepared using cold maceration, followed by partitioning based on polarity into n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. These extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 136.49 μg/mL in DPPH and 78.9 μg/mL in ABTS assays. Antibacterial tests using the agar well diffusion method revealed that the methanolic extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones ranging from 0 to 8.43 ± 0.23 mm at 400 mg/mL. The brine shrimp lethality assay indicated significant cytotoxicity in the methanolic, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts, compared to the negligible effect of the n-hexane fraction. These findings highlight the potential of Z. nummularia as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications against infectious diseases, toxins, and oxidative stress. Further isolation of pure compounds and animal trials are recommended to explore its potential in drug discovery.
... Plants are rich source of natural antioxidants including phenolic compounds which are the most common secondary metabolites. The presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic diterpenes contributes to the antioxidant potential of a plant (Noreen et al., 2017;Akhtar et al., 2018). The use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents has tremendously increased across the world. ...
The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments has significantly expanded due to the high cost and adverse effects of allopathic medicines. In the current investigation stem, root, and flower of C. polygonoides were used to make Aqueous (Aq), MtOH, EtOAc, EtOH, and n-hexane extracts. Qualitative phytochemical analysis has revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, and other phytochemicals. According to HPLC-PDA analysis results different phenolic compounds were present in significant quantities. In antibacterial activity, EtOAc extracts of stem and root whereas EtOH extract of the flower was most effective though all the other extracts were positive in varying order. In the antibiofilm assay, EtOH extract of stem and root whereas multiple extracts of the flower have shown high antibiofilm potential. Antioxidant potentials observed by DPPH assay revealed that MtOH extract of the stem, EtOH extract of roots, and EtOH extract of flowers showed max scavenging potential. Similarly, in FRAP assay the EtOAc extract of the stem, MtOH extract of root, and n-hex extract of the flower have shown the highest antioxidant potentials. In case of α-glucosidase inhibition assay, Aq extracts of stem and root have shown max activity, though, all extracts of flowers have shown excellent inhibition potential. According to antiviral activity, Aq extracts of different parts were most active against AIVH9N2 whereas, in the case of IBV different extracts were active in varying order. It can be positively stated that C. polygonoides possesses great pharmacological importance and is a rich source of multiple compounds with biological activity.
