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Floral structure in Habenaria josephi group AH. josephiBH. glaucifoliaCH. aitchisonii (Photographs by X.H. Jin).
Source publication
Species of the Habenaria josephi group in the Pan-Himalaya region are revised, based on their morphological characters and results of previous molecular phylogenetics. Eight distinctive species are recognised; key to the species, taxonomic descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are provided. Habenaria josephi is re-instated, based on mor...
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Résumé
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Citations
... Additionally, people frequently cook the tubers for use in meals to cure HIV/AIDs in several regions of Africa [8]. However, owing to variations in morphology, such as tubers, spurred lip, long columns, wide U-shaped anthers, long caudicles, naked viscidia and free stigmas [3,9], new descriptions of Habenaria species are still being reported [10][11][12][13], and the phylogenetics relationships within the genus are still controversial [14][15][16]. ...
... Our cp genomes result also revealed that the two species are closely related. These results are also supported by the previous studies [10,11]. Using the rbcL + matK + ITS, Habeniara can be divided into eleven clades and the species from tropical and alpine regions can be grouped into different subclades [11]. ...
... These results are also supported by the previous studies [10,11]. Using the rbcL + matK + ITS, Habeniara can be divided into eleven clades and the species from tropical and alpine regions can be grouped into different subclades [11]. Subclade I included mostly species from the tropical region, and Subclade II included the alpine species. ...
Background
Habenaria, a genus in the family Orchidaceae, are the nearly cosmopolitan orchids, and most species have significant medicinal and ornamental values. Despite the morphological and molecular data that have been studied in recent years, the phylogenetic relationship is still unclear.
Results
We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the chloroplast (cp) genomes of two species (Habenaria aitchisonii Rchb.f. and Habenaria tibetica Schltr.ex Limpricht) of Habenaria grown on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), and compared them with seven previously published cp genomes which may aid in the genomic profiling of these species. The two genomes ranged from 155,259–155,269 bp in length and both included 132 genes, encoding 86 proteins, 38 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. In the cp genomes, the tandem repeats (797), SSRs (2195) and diverse loci (3214) were identified. Comparative analyses of codon usage, amino frequency, microsatellite, oligo repeats and transition and transversion substitutions revealed similarities between the species. Moreover, we identified 16 highly polymorphic regions with a nucleotide diversity above 0.02, which may be suitable for robust authentic barcoding and inferring in the phylogeny of Habenaria species. Among the polymorphic regions, positive selection was significantly exerted on several genes, such as cemA, petA, and ycf1. This finding may suggest an important adaptation strategy for the two Habenaria species on the QTP. The phylogenetic relationship revealed that H. aitchisonii and H. tibetica were more closely related to each other than to the other species, and the other seven species were clustered in three groups. In addition, the estimated divergence time suggested that the two species separated from the others approximately 0.39 Mya in the Neogene period. Our findings also suggest that Habenaria can be divided into different sections.
Conclusions
The results of this study enriched the genomics resources of Habenaria, and SSR marker may aid in the conservation management of two endangered species.
... Additionally, people frequently use it to cook meals to cure HIV/AIDs in several regions of Africa [7]. However, as the variation in the morphology, such as tuber, spurred lip, long column, U-shaped wide anther, long caudide, naked viscidium and free stigma [2,8], the new descriptions of Habenaria species are still going on [9][10][11][12], and the phylogenetics relationship in the genus is still on controversy [13][14][15]. ...
... Habenaria aitchisonii Rchb.f. and Habenaria tibetica Schltr.ex Limpricht belongs to Habenaria genus and grew on the QTP or adjacent region [3,11], especially the latter, which was the endemic endangered species only distributed in shrub meadow or alpine meadow. Ecological and biogeographical forces have a great impact on the chloroplast genome rate heterogeneity [26]. ...
Habenaria, a member of Orchidaceae family is the cosmopolitan distributions, which has significant medicinal and ornamental values. Regardless of morphology and molecular data that have been studied in recent times, the phylogenetic relationship is still under debate. Here, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the whole chloroplast (cp) genome of two species (Habenaria aitchisonii Rchb.f. and Habenaria tibetica Schltr.ex Limpricht) of Habenaria grown on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), and combined with seven already published cp genomes which may assist to uncover their genomic profiling. The two genomes ranged from 155259-155269 bp in length and both encoded 132 genes, including 86 protein, 38 tRNA and 8 rRNA. In the cp genomes, the tandem repeats (797), SSRs (2195) and diverse loci (3214) were identified. Comparative analyses of codon usage, amino frequency, microsatellite, oligo repeats and transition and transversion substitutions showed similarities among the species. Moreover, we identified 16 highly polymorphic regions with nucleotide diversity above 0.02, which may be suitable for robust authentic barcoding and inferring in the phylogeny of Habenaria species. Among the polymorphic regions, positive selection was significantly exerted on the several genes such as cemA, petA, and ycf1. This may suggest that the important adaptation stratagem for two Habenaria species on the QTP. The phylogenetic relationship displayed that H.aitchisonii and H. tibetica have closer relationship than others and the rest seven species clustered in the other three groups. Our findings also supported the idea that Habenaria could be divided into different sections. This study enriched the genomics resources of Habenaria, which may be helpful for the conservation efforts of these endangered species.
... There are approximately 60 species of Habenaria in China, mainly distributed in the south and southwest, especially the hengduan Mountains and the himalayas (Chen & Cribb 2009;lai et al. 2021;Zhou et al. 2021). amongst the asian clades of old World Habenaria, Habenaria josephi group, a group that distributed in temperate or alpine regions with two basal leaves, was proved as a close alliance in recent studies (Jin et al. 2017;Pandey & Jin 2021). During our fieldwork, a little known species of Habenaria was discovered in Malipo County, yunnan Province. ...
... (Pandey & Jin 2021). general phylograms of Habenaria and its alliance based on Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (Ml) analysis have similar topologies with high support, agreeing with recent studies(Jin et al. 2017;Pandey & Jin 2021; Ma et al. 2023). ...
... (Pandey & Jin 2021). general phylograms of Habenaria and its alliance based on Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (Ml) analysis have similar topologies with high support, agreeing with recent studies(Jin et al. 2017;Pandey & Jin 2021; Ma et al. 2023). It nested within the clade Habenaria josephi Rchb.f. ...
A new species of Orchidaceae, Habenaria tiechangensis, from Yunnan province is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that it belongs to H. josephi group and is similar to H. diplonema but differs from the latter by having short and lanceolate lateral lobes of lip and a pair of distinctive horn-like stigmas.
... Due to its high diversity, Habenaria has been attracting attentions from botanists and hobbyists. generic delimitation and infrageneric systems of Habenaria and its alliance are difficult and controversial (Batista et al. 2013;Jin et al. 2014;Jin et al. 2017;Pandey & Jin 2021). Recent molecular phylogeny studies indicate that Habenaria is a polyphyletic (Cruz-Lustre et al. 2022;Jin et al. 2014;Ngugi et al. 2020;Pedron et al. 2014). ...
... complex and sect. Micranthae were recently revised (Cruz-Lustre et al. 2022;Pandey & Jin 2021). ...
Habenaria qinghaiensis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Qinghai Province, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS (nrITS) and two plastid (matK and rbcL) DNA markers indicates that H. qinghaiensis belongs to H. josephi group (sect. Diphyllae s.l.). It is morphologically similar to H. josephi and H. tibetica, but differs from the former by having petals shallowly 2-lobed at base, lateral lobes of lip 1.8–2.2 cm long, lip with cushion-like appendage at entrance of spur, and from the latter by having almost glabrous bracts, petals and ovary, lip with cushion-like appendage at entrance of spur, and three stigmas.
The Pan-Himalayan biogeographic domain is a significant region for biodiversity conservation and climate
resilience. This region has both tropical and extratropical flora and holds ecological, cultural, and socio-
economic importance. However, knowledge about the spatial distribution and threats to threatened plant spe-
cies in the study area is still poorly known. In this study we evaluate the phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic
endemism of threatened flora in the region, and also examine the effect of rapid land cover transformation and
landscape fragmentation between 2000 and 2020 on the preservation of distinct evolutionary lineages. Phylo-
genetic metrics provide a better understanding of ecological, historical, and evolutionary factors that shape plant
communities in highly biodiverse regions. Our result show that current protected areas are insufficient for
preserving Pan-Himalayan biodiversity, and also reveal a significant gap in conservation efforts within these
areas. We highlight conservation priorities areas in the western Himalayan belt encompassing 2.43 million km2
and covering 26.73% of the total area. However, a large conservation gap encompassed 22.67% (2.06 million
km2) hotspots of total study area, whereas non-hotspot priorities covered 67.62% (0.77 million km2) of the total
protected area, revealing a mismatch between biodiversity hotspots and protected areas. In addition, biodiversity
priority areas have been threatened by rapid land cover transformation and landscape fragmentation between
2000 and 2020. There were 6.93% increase in cropland area and 172.64% increase in impervious surface, while
an increase in landscape fragmentation and a decrease in landscape cohesion in different hotspots within pro-
tected areas. The biodiversity hotspot regions emphasize the need to conserve unique evolutionary lineages and
high species occurrence areas with targeted conservation strategies. Mountainous, but cross-border international
cooperation is highly recommended for effective preservation strategies. Our study has implications for
advancing biodiversity preservation and sustainable ecosystem management not only in the Pan-Himalayan but
also in similar regions, as well as for achieving the 2030 protection goal.
The genus Xizangiana Sherwood, Li & Zhang, 2022 is revised. Two known species and five new species from China are described and illustrated: Xizangiana linzhiensis (Hu, 2001), X. rigaze (Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004), X. benae Liu & Zhang, sp. n. (♂♀), X. longlin Liu & Zhang, sp. n. (♂♀), X. namchabarwa Liu & Zhang, sp. n. (♂♀), X. shenxian Liu & Zhang, sp. n. (♂♀) and X. xiangbi Liu & Zhang, sp. n. (♂♀). Two new combinations from India, Xizangiana pawani (Gajbe, 1993) comb. n. (ex. Urozelotes Mello-Leitão, 1938) and X. sedula (Simon, 1897) comb. n. (ex. Poecilochroa Westring, 1874), are proposed. The subfamily placement of Xizangiana is discussed and the records of all the species is mapped.
Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to a wide range of climatic and environmental heterogeneity. Floristic diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown, resulting in a lack of comprehensive conservation plans. We developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived from herbarium specimens and literature sources, and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies, aiming to provide a baseline floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research efforts.
