Figure - available from: Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Floral cycle and flower presentation of Desmodium grahamii. a Inflorescence. b Floral buds. c Flowers at pre-anthesis. d Flowers at anthesis. e Flowers at post-anthesis recently tripped. f Flowers at post-anthesis 3–4 h after being tripped, banner starts to tilt, leaning over reproductive column. g Flowers at post-anthesis 24 h after being tripped, banner leaning over reproductive column. ba, banner; kl, keel; ma, maculae; rc, reproductive column; st, stigma; wn, wing. Scale bars 4 mm (a, c), 2 mm (b, d–g)
Source publication
This study aims to understand the role of floral traits in determining the pollination and reproduction of Desmodium grahamii (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) with explosive floral mechanism in populations occurring in a natural reserve and botanical garden in southern Mexico City. We assessed the breeding system by quantifying floral and pollinator acti...
Citations
... El estudio realizado indica un efecto negativo de los insecticidas usados sobre las abundancias de ciertos insectos polinizadores de chocho. Este efecto se evidenció en dípteros como Eristalis sp, Calliphoridae e himenópteros de la familia Halictidae, todos insectos de tamaño considerable que aportan en la polinización directa o indirecta de leguminosas, como lo señalan Miguel-Peñaloza et al. (2019). Estudios como el de Catarino et al. (2019), también han reportado efectos variables de acuerdo al polinizador involucrado y al ingrediente activo químico analizado. ...
Ignorance of the rational use of insecticides leads farmers in developing countries such as Ecuador to exceed the limit of permitted applications. In addition, little is known about the effect of insecticides on entomofauna of Lupinus mutabilis (lupine). This study aims to analyze the effect of insecticides on pests and beneficial insects, with special emphasis on pollinators, without neglecting the effect on crop yield. The entomofauna associated with Andean Lupin was used as a reference. Seventy-nine agricultural fields were evaluated in Cotopaxi-Ecuador, with the treatments with chemicals, without chemicals, and without any control. Once the experiment was presented to the participating group, the farmers chose the management treatment for their fields with recommendations from the researchers. For insect monitoring, yellow sticky and plate traps were used to obtain variables of insect abundance and diversity. The use and application of pesticides was recorded using surveys developed with Survey 123. The results showed that the application of insecticides was not always effective in controlling the pests studied. In addition, the treatments evaluated had different effects according to the type of insect pollinator analyzed. On the other hand, the study also showed that certain pests, especially borers, could induce a positive response (70 % more flowers) that can actually benefit the final yield. These results suggest that pest controls for this crop should be more targeted and carried out before flowering to avoid causing damage to pollinators and borers, as well as natural enemies of pests.
... Once the mechanism is activated, almost all pollen is released and the flower generally receives no further visits as the mechanism cannot be activated again (Galloni and Cristofolini 2003;Agostini et al. 2006;Alemán et al. 2014). However, a case of flowers with the explosive mechanism visited several times has been reported in Desmodium grahamii A.Gray (Miguel-Peñaloza et al. 2019). The four mechanisms also differ in the way the pollen is presented (primary or secondary pollen presentation), being valvular mechanism the only one with primary pollen presentation (Arroyo 1981;Yeo 1993;López et al. 1999;Rodríguez-Riaño et al. 1999a;Westerkamp and Weber 1999;Galloni et al. 2007;Etcheverry et al. 2012). ...
Several floral traits in Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) have been correlated to certain pollination mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 20 qualitative and 21 quantitative floral traits of 17 species of Papilionoideae with keel flowers from various tribes and genera native to Salta, Argentina, which are representative of the four general pollination mechanisms described for the subfamily. We performed field and laboratory studies, including description of morphology, micro-morphology, position, size, and synorganization of all floral organs. Correlation between floral traits and a particular pollination mechanism was evaluated through a principal component analysis (PCA). According to our results, species with the same pollination mechanism share similar qualitative and quantitative traits, the latter being the most relevant, according to our statistical analysis.
... This study can widen the spectrum of breeders' research. The color of petals is also a main determinant to make a flower attractive for pollinators, Miguel-Peñaloza et al. (2018) showed the impacts of color on the example of another Fabacaea (Desmodium grahamii). ...
Breeding methods applied to faba bean are either based on self pollination by developing lines under insect proof cages or based on open pollination by developing lines under natural pollination conditions. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of pedigree selection method (PSM) as a self pollinated breeding method and recurrent selection methods (RSM) and synthetics as an open pollinated method. Eleven diverse accessions were used to develop in F6 generation 24 lines using PSM, 35 lines using RSM and nine synthetics from 2012 to 2016. The different developed lines were evaluated in two winter cropping seasons (2014/2015) and (2016/ 2017) in an alpha design with two replications. Significant differences among lines and among breeding methods were obtained for biological and grain yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seed weight. Synthetic populations had higher yield than RSM lines; whereas RSM lines revealed higher yield performance than PSM lines. Multivariate analysis indicates that most of the variation among different lines developed by different methods is due to variation in number of branches, days to flowering, biological and grain yield. Open pollinated cultivars were found to be more appropriate to increase the yield in farmers' fields and may play a critical role in conserving wild pollinators, but ensuring optimal yields might require capacity building for farmers concerning wild pollinators.
... This study can widen the spectrum of breeders' research. The color of petals is also a main determinant to make a flower attractive for pollinators, Miguel-Peñaloza et al. (2018) showed the impacts of color on the example of another Fabacaea (Desmodium grahamii). ...
Breeding methods applied to faba bean are either based on self pollination by developing lines under insect proof cages or based on open pollination by developing lines under natural pollination conditions. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of pedigree selection method (PSM) as a self pollinated breeding method and recurrent selection methods (RSM) and synthetics as an open pollinated method. Eleven diverse accessions were used to develop in F6 generation 24 lines using PSM, 35 lines using RSM and nine synthetics from 2012 to 2016. The different developed lines were evaluated in two winter cropping seasons (2014/2015) and (2016/ 2017) in an alpha design with two replications. Significant differences among lines and among breeding methods were obtained for biological and grain yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seed weight. Synthetic populations had higher yield than RSM lines; whereas RSM lines revealed higher yield performance than PSM lines. Multivariate analysis indicates that most of the variation among different lines developed by different methods is due to variation in number of branches, days to flowering, biological and grain yield. Open pollinated cultivars were found to be more appropriate to increase the yield in farmers' fields and may play a critical role in conserving wild pollinators, but ensuring optimal yields might require capacity building for farmers concerning wild pollinators.
... This study can widen the spectrum of breeders' research. The color of petals is also a main determinant to make a flower attractive for pollinators, Miguel-Peñaloza et al. (2018) showed the impacts of color on the example of another Fabacaea (Desmodium grahamii). ...
Breeding methods applied to faba bean are either based on self pollination by developing lines under insect proof cages or based on open pollination by developing lines under natural pollination conditions. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of pedigree selection method (PSM) as a self pollinated breeding method and recurrent selection methods (RSM) and synthetics as an open pollinated method. Eleven diverse accessions were used to develop in F6 generation 24 lines using PSM, 35 lines using RSM and nine synthetics from 2012 to 2016. The different developed lines were evaluated in two winter cropping seasons (2014/2015) and (2016/2017) in an alpha design with two replications. Significant differences among lines and among breeding methods were obtained for biological and grain yield, days to flowering, days to maturity, branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seed weight. Synthetic populations had higher yield than RSM lines; whereas RSM lines revealed higher yield performance than PSM lines. Multivariate analysis indicates that most of the variation among different lines developed by different methods is due to variation in number of branches, days to flowering, biological and grain yield. Open pollinated cultivars were found to be more appropriate to increase the yield in farmers’ fields and may play a critical role in conserving wild pollinators, but ensuring optimal yields might require capacity building for farmers concerning wild pollinators.
Pollination, a fascinating natural process, is crucial for the reproduction of flowering plants. It involves the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive part to the female reproductive part, enabling successful fertilization. Papilionaceous crops, belonging to the Fabaceae family, exhibit highly specialized pollen dispersal mechanisms that ensure effective pollination and genetic diversity. These mechanisms involve intricate interactions between floral structures and pollinators, primarily bees. By integrating findings from various studies, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate pollen dispersal mechanisms in papilionaceous crops such as piston/pump mechanism, explosive type mechanism, brush type mechanism and valvular mechanism. It also provides information about the role of different floral parts in pollen dispersal among the flowers. This review will be helpful in gaining insights about pollen dispersal mechanism and it contribution in improving crop yields and breeding programs.
