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The study evaluated the impacts of plastic pollution on the sustainability of seafood value chain. The world aquaculture production in 2016 stood at 80.0 million tons of food fish, gradually declined by 0.3 million tons to 79.7 million tons in 2017, and rose to 81.4 million tons in 2018. Global aquaculture production maintained relatively steady in...
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... one has its impact on the environment that varies on intensity. Table 3 lists fishing method along with its environmental impacts. Use of huge fishing nets that can either drag in the middle of the surface or the floor or on the bottommost of the sea floor. ...Similar publications
Fish aggregating devices, named FADs, are floating objects typically used to attract and capture pelagic fish in industrial tuna fisheries. This study documents nine cases, involving 31 marine mammals of incidentally captured, killed or otherwise retrieved cetaceans and pinnipeds which were used, or presumably so, as bait with improvised Fish Aggre...
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... The recycling of plastic garbage has become popular in recent years as a way to combat the pollution challenge, but only a small portion of today's output can be recycled [8]. If we try to burn it away, it will take 1000 years to breakdown and release harmful chemicals like Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide [9,10]. All sorts of plastic that humans use on a regular basis eventually degrade into garbage. ...
The industrial revolution brought environmental degradation to light. Concrete and plastic degrade the ecosystem and cause unsustainable development. Academic and industrial sectors are interested in lowering carbon emissions associated with concrete. Meanwhile, global sand scarcity worries environmentalists. To reach sustainable development goals, cement and fine aggregate must be substituted with other abundant waste/natural materials. This study aimed to develop a green concrete by utilizing plastic waste and creating modelling tool for predicting the mechanical properties of plastic concrete. Different composition of silica fume and superplasticizers substituted fine aggregate and cement in both irradiated (treated) and regular (untreated) plastic concrete. Compressive strength (fc’) and split tensile strength (fst) of the resulting concrete were studied. Moreover, from literature data, 320 data points each for fc' and fst were used to train gene expression programming (GEP) models. Models’ accuracy was evaluated employing various statistical measures. Regular plastic waste concrete has demonstrated a lower fc’ and exhibited anomalous behavior for fst. While irradiated plastic waste concrete has demonstrated improved mechanical characteristics, comparatively. Correlation coefficients using GEP models for fc’ and fst were found to be 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed that plastic was the most significant in the GEP model’s development. K fold validation was employed to prevent over-fitting of the models. GEP provides an empirical expression for each outcome to predict future database features. This research improves green concrete's long-term sustainability by reducing carbon emissions and alleviating fine aggregate scarcity.
... Endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the unborn foetus, children at early developmental stages and adolescents, as well as the general population. These can have human health impacts if introduced into the human body either for medical purposes or through accidental inhalation or ingestion Godswill & Gospel, 2019;Turpie et al., 2019;UNEP, 2016). Studies have also looked at the ability of plastics to sorb environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) such as dichlorobiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, estrogenic steroids and metals (cadmium, aluminium and zinc) on their surfaces (Menéndez-Pedriza & Jaumot, 2020; Scutariu et al., 2019). ...
... Plastic pollutants have been found in over 83% of tap water samples around the world. This study suggested that individuals could be consuming 3000-4000 plastic particles from tap water annually (Godswill & Gospel, 2019), as such ingestion of plastic through seafood needs to be considered in line with other ingestion pathways as well as the sorption potential of chemicals in those pathways. ...
Marine litter has been a global concern for many decades. It is important to understand marine litter sources and distribution pathways for the development of targeted and effective interventions and strategies. These have been relatively less researched on the African continent. This chapter focuses on (1) the sources of litter items from macro to nanoscale entering the marine environment and (2) the distribution and accumulation of these items within the environment, focusing on the African marine setting. Case studies are used to showcase specific examples and highlight knowledge/data gaps that need to be addressed within Africa. The potential pathways going forward are discussed and what may be expected in the future, in light of the challenges and successes examined.
... Endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the unborn foetus, children at early developmental stages and adolescents, as well as the general population. These can have human health impacts if introduced into the human body either for medical purposes or through accidental inhalation or ingestion Godswill & Gospel, 2019;Turpie et al., 2019;UNEP, 2016). Studies have also looked at the ability of plastics to sorb environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) such as dichlorobiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, estrogenic steroids and metals (cadmium, aluminium and zinc) on their surfaces (Menéndez-Pedriza & Jaumot, 2020; Scutariu et al., 2019). ...
... Plastic pollutants have been found in over 83% of tap water samples around the world. This study suggested that individuals could be consuming 3000-4000 plastic particles from tap water annually (Godswill & Gospel, 2019), as such ingestion of plastic through seafood needs to be considered in line with other ingestion pathways as well as the sorption potential of chemicals in those pathways. ...
What to expect from the African Marine Litter Outlook? The African Marine Litter Outlook provides an overview of marine litter from the African perspective. The Outlook covers: Marine Litter Sources and Distribution Pathways (Chap. 2 ), Impacts and Threats of Marine Litter in African Seas (Chap. 3 ), Legal and Policy Frameworks to address Marine Litter through Improved Livelihoods (Chap. 4 ), and The Way Forward, Building up from on-the-Ground Innovation (Chap. 5 ). This chapter provides the context for marine litter in Africa from a global and regional standpoint. This chapter introduces the concept of marine litter, the importance of the ocean, and the value of the Blue Economy in Africa. The uncertainties created by COVID-19 and its effects on future projections of marine litter are also summarised in this chapter.
... Endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the unborn foetus, children at early developmental stages and adolescents, as well as the general population. These can have human health impacts if introduced into the human body either for medical purposes or through accidental inhalation or ingestion Godswill & Gospel, 2019;Turpie et al., 2019;UNEP, 2016). Studies have also looked at the ability of plastics to sorb environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) such as dichlorobiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, estrogenic steroids and metals (cadmium, aluminium and zinc) on their surfaces (Menéndez-Pedriza & Jaumot, 2020; Scutariu et al., 2019). ...
... Plastic pollutants have been found in over 83% of tap water samples around the world. This study suggested that individuals could be consuming 3000-4000 plastic particles from tap water annually (Godswill & Gospel, 2019), as such ingestion of plastic through seafood needs to be considered in line with other ingestion pathways as well as the sorption potential of chemicals in those pathways. ...
This chapter provides an overview of the international and regional legal and policy frameworks relevant to the prevention and management of marine litter. These instruments set the obligations and guidance for national action of participating countries. Legal and policy responses by governments provide an opportunity to address the many drivers of marine litter across the life cycle, from the design of products to the management of the waste they generate. Public awareness, consumer behaviour and industry engagement also play key roles in preventing marine litter. These interventions alone remain voluntary, fragmented and insufficient to tackle the marine litter problem. The national and/or regional responsibility of parties to prevent marine litter as established by these frameworks is not unique to the countries of Africa, and many of the barriers to effective compliance are shared with developing countries in other regions. The social context in which national implementation measures must operate can be unique to countries or regions. This chapter summarises the duties established by the legal and policy frameworks at the international and regional levels that may be applied to the issue of marine litter. It provides an African context to the barriers and drivers of effective implementation of national measures in compliance with international obligations. The scope of this chapter extends beyond the responsibility to prevent marine pollution, to establish a holistic and integrated duty of governments to provide a healthy environment and sustainable livelihoods as recognised in the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The review of these international, regional and national legal and policy frameworks therefore considers the inclusion of these broader principles to underpin prevention and management of marine litter.
... Endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the unborn foetus, children at early developmental stages and adolescents, as well as the general population. These can have human health impacts if introduced into the human body either for medical purposes or through accidental inhalation or ingestion Godswill & Gospel, 2019;Turpie et al., 2019;UNEP, 2016). Studies have also looked at the ability of plastics to sorb environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) such as dichlorobiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, estrogenic steroids and metals (cadmium, aluminium and zinc) on their surfaces (Menéndez-Pedriza & Jaumot, 2020; Scutariu et al., 2019). ...
... Plastic pollutants have been found in over 83% of tap water samples around the world. This study suggested that individuals could be consuming 3000-4000 plastic particles from tap water annually (Godswill & Gospel, 2019), as such ingestion of plastic through seafood needs to be considered in line with other ingestion pathways as well as the sorption potential of chemicals in those pathways. ...
With a focus on plastic pollution, this chapter discusses the impacts of marine litter on the natural environment, the people and the economies of Africa. The impacts of marine litter will depend on various factors such as distribution, exposure time, size and type of organism. This chapter focusses on different impacts of marine litter at various scales, from ocean to coast, as well as more localised scales. The emphasis is on the coastal countries of the African continent, where information from Africa is lacking, and relevant data from other regions is used to infer possible impacts. Throughout this chapter, the environmental, social, economic and human impacts are discussed separately, although it should be remembered that these topics are intimately interlinked.
... Endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the unborn foetus, children at early developmental stages and adolescents, as well as the general population. These can have human health impacts if introduced into the human body either for medical purposes or through accidental inhalation or ingestion Godswill & Gospel, 2019;Turpie et al., 2019;UNEP, 2016). Studies have also looked at the ability of plastics to sorb environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) such as dichlorobiphenyl trichloroethane (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) alkylphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), parabens, estrogenic steroids and metals (cadmium, aluminium and zinc) on their surfaces (Menéndez-Pedriza & Jaumot, 2020; Scutariu et al., 2019). ...
... Plastic pollutants have been found in over 83% of tap water samples around the world. This study suggested that individuals could be consuming 3000-4000 plastic particles from tap water annually (Godswill & Gospel, 2019), as such ingestion of plastic through seafood needs to be considered in line with other ingestion pathways as well as the sorption potential of chemicals in those pathways. ...
This chapter of the African Marine Litter Outlook summarises the previous chapters, their findings, suggestions, and identified barriers to tackling marine litter in Africa. The importance of innovative ground-up solutions tackling waste management across Africa are highlighted in this chapter. The forward approach is then outlined through recommendations. The recommendations are covered in 10 points: 9 of which focus on local sources, with a 10th outlining the global need to tackle transboundary marine plastic litter, originating from sources outside of Africa’s control.
... Plastic waste, such as plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and plastic sacks and carpets made of polypropylene (PP), is manufactured in large quantities. According to [1], the total daily production of plastic waste is estimated to be 15.4 billion pieces. The daily use of plastic products such as bottles, polythene bags, food containers and crates, pallets, kitchenware, appliances, and toys are increasing day by day, causing many environmental concerns. ...
It is well known that if plastic wastes are not well managed, it has a negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. In this study, recycling plastic waste in form of strips for stabilizing weak subgrade soil is proposed. For this purpose, a weak clay soil sample was mixed with 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% of plastic strips by weight of soil, and the experimental results were compared to the control soil sample with 0% plastic. Laboratory tests on the Standard compaction test, Unconfined compression test (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results of the study reveal that there are significant improvements in the strength of weak soil stabilized with plastic waste strips. Accordingly, the Standard Proctor test shows that there is a small increment in the maximum dry density of the soil when it is mixed with plastic strips. The result from the CBR test shows that there is a significant increment of CBR value with the plastic strip content. The unconfined compressive strength test also shows that increasing the percentage of plastic strips from 0 to 0.4% resulted in increased strength of soil by 138% with 2 cm length plastic strips. Therefore, this study recommends the application of plastic strips for improvement of the strength of soft clay for subgrade construction in civil engineering practice as an alternative weak soil stabilization method.
... Plastics in the digestive systems of aquatic animals can cause harm or even animal death. This could also pose a problem for human health because humans might consume contaminated aquatic animals in their daily diet (Pahl et al., 2017;Rhodes, 2018;Awuchi and Awuchi, 2019;Akindele and Alimba, 2021;Alfaro-Nuñez et al., 2021;Mukheed and Khan, 2021). In Thailand, studies have been conducted on microplastics in marine fishes (Klangnurak and Chunniyom, 2020) and aquatic fishes (Kasamesiri, 2021)and found that microplastics or nanoplastics could pass through the food chain to the human body, thus affecting future human health. ...
The waste created by single-use plastics is an important global issue, especially in marine environments, because they do not degrade in nature. This work aimed to study the biodegradability of bioplastic blown film, which may pose a solution to this problem. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polylactic acid (PLA) blown films were chosen for examination of their biodegradability when submerged in sand under the seawater and when floated on the seawater surface of our experimental setup. Bioplastics were observed in comparison with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is a petroleum-based plastic. PBS blown film exhibited a faster degradation rate than PLA blown film, while LDPE blown film did not degrade in the marine environment. The biodegradability of bioplastic blown film was confirmed by physical observation, a change in the chemical functional group measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and a test of the biochemical oxygen demand of the seawater after bioplastic degradation due to ingestion by bacteria in seawater.
... They also suffer from injuries, infections, reduce the ability to swim and internal injuries. Every year, thousands of seabirds, sea turtles, seals and other marine mammals are killed after ingested or entangled in plastic [3]. According to the United States environmental protection agency, the massive aquatic debris has been impacted at least 267 species globally, including 86% of sea turtles, 44% of seabirds, and 43% of marine mammals. ...
Riverine plastic pollution has received worldwide attention due to numerous challenges associates with it. This study is premised on the need to reduce plastic leakage from land-based sources into the ocean. Geospatial technology was used to model plastic leakage in Sungai Pinang, Pulau Pinang. This study proposed a citizen-based approach because the plastic waste project requires public participation. Citizen science application was used for plastic waste tracking along the river stretch. Collected data was then used to analyze plastic waste hotspot at the study area. The hotspot map shows that area has higher plastic waste at the middle of the study area which related to residential and recreational areas. Waste collection route was analyzed using the geographical information system (GIS) tool which is Network Analyst to identify the most efficient route collection from the waste point to Pulau Burung sanitary landfill. This GIS-based research method can be applied to other regions and data on the distribution can be used elsewhere. This paper shows how plastic tracking can be used to obtain information on riverine plastic pollution. Our research demonstrated that a combination of citizen science and a GIS technique can be utilized to improve public participation in raising awareness of marine plastic pollution.
... Greenpeace International (2018) recorded that in a survey of 2006 called Plastic Debris in the World's Oceans, over 267 distinct animal species were estimated to have encountered plastic debris entanglement and ingestion (Godswill and Gospel, 2019). It is evaluated that at least 400,000 aquatic species will die annually because of pollution from plastic in the oceans (Godswill and Gospel, 2019). ...
... Greenpeace International (2018) recorded that in a survey of 2006 called Plastic Debris in the World's Oceans, over 267 distinct animal species were estimated to have encountered plastic debris entanglement and ingestion (Godswill and Gospel, 2019). It is evaluated that at least 400,000 aquatic species will die annually because of pollution from plastic in the oceans (Godswill and Gospel, 2019). The Ocean Conservancy found that plastic waste pollution affects at least 600 different wildlife species (Mallos, 2010). ...
This study investigates the transport of air pollutants around the Yangtze River Delta with an aim to identify if there would be a relationship towards health effects during the COVID-19 lockdown period. It is well-known that due to lockdown, the number of socio-economical activities are reduced and hence there is an observable reduction in air pollution. We would like to investigate if this consequential reduction of air pollution would lead to improvement in health amongst its population.
A number of integrated methodologies are utilized, including collection and correlation of statistical data and numerical modeling to correlate the mortality rates difference with and without COVID-19 lockdown. In particular air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown period are compared with similar periods of the previous years using Brute Force Method. It is found that in general there is significant reduction in air-pollution related mortality, like stroke, ischemic cardio diseases, obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute lower respiratory infection are all reduced as a result of relative improvement in PM2.5 level during the lockdown period. Further investigation of the trajectories suggests that these PM2.5 originate from afar with multiple sources, and do not suggest COVID-19 are transported to the region via long-range transport. Our results demonstrate the need for more stringent policy measure to tackle air pollution as it has strong evidence that it increases mortality rate.
