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Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is dealt at a national level, but generally it includes ecological, physical processes and administrative jurisdictions of multiple countries. The transboundary cooperation on MSP is a complex challenge, that could be better addressed with a participatory process, to achieve coherent planning processes in shared marine...
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Context 1
... classified by typologies of actors (i.e., business, civil society, public administration, and science) or coastal/marine sectors (i.e., conservation, culture, energy, fisheries, ports and transport, research, safety and surveillance, and tourism and leisure). The first classification showed a relatively homogeneous distribution of representatives (Fig. 4a). Nevertheless, the previous four types of actor (public administration, science, business, civil society) can be divided in the different sectors these actors belong to. Then, it is possible to observe in this second classification of stakeholders that the process was dominated by participants from the conservation, fisheries, ...
Context 2
... business, civil society) can be divided in the different sectors these actors belong to. Then, it is possible to observe in this second classification of stakeholders that the process was dominated by participants from the conservation, fisheries, research, tourism, and leisure against those from culture, energy, and safety and surveillance (Fig. ...
Citations
... EBM aims to promote the recovery and conservation of marine biodiversity by considering different impacts of human activities on ecosystems (Garcıá-Sanabria et al., 2021). Within this framework, ES are essential for illustrating the fundamental role of natural ecosystems in sustaining human livelihoods (La Notte et al., 2017). ...
This research aims to define socio-economic criteria for prioritizing proposals related to new marine protected areas, boundary adjustments, area relocations, and network corridors within marine management approaches. The study also focuses on identifying ecosystem services (ES) that address the social dimensions of various spatial management approaches in the marine realm. The presented method quantifies nature’s significance to human communities through stakeholder perceptions, bridging the gap between human activities and ecosystem services. The research defines essential socio-economic criteria, identifies the corresponding ecosystem services, and assesses their societal values within the socio-ecological system of a specific area, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of marine management processes such as marine spatial planning and marine protected areas.
... In the framework of the present study and the analyses of the BE sectors in the EU Macaronesian archipelagos, it is worth considering the relevance of cross-border cooperation and coordination to promote coherent transboundary BE across the three regions. In this sense, García-Sanabria et al. (2021) presented an in-depth analysis for cross-border MSP where representatives of various maritime sectors and MSP competent authorities assessed the main issues around which projects could be developed to foster both coherent planning and BE growth across the European Macaronesia archipelagos. Thus, conservation, research, fisheries and maritime transport were valued as the most important issues to be promoted at a sea basin scale, closely followed by marine biotechnology and coastal and maritime tourism. ...
The global economy is increasingly focusing on the Oceans to meet its needs, for which maritime spatial planning is being fostered to promote this is done sustainably. Thus, assessing the current state and future development trends of the maritime sectors is key to evaluating the performance of the planning process. This is the aim of this study, in which the main maritime sectors related to the blue economy present in the archipelagos of the European Macaronesia Sea Basin, i.e. the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), were identified and studied. The following maritime sectors were analysed: fisheries, marine aquaculture, marine biotechnology, coastal and maritime tourism, maritime transport, ship repair and maintenance, extraction of aggregates, deep-sea mining, offshore oil and gas, renewable ocean energies, and desalination. As part of the PLASMAR project, partners undertook in 2017-19 a literature review gathering scientific papers, official statistics and reports, which were complemented by interviews with experts from the economic sectors and public administration departments. Results show that while some maritime sectors are well established, others are emerging sectors with varying long-term growth potential. Besides, development patterns vary across the archipelagos. This study represents the first effort in the Macaronesia Sea Basin to set the basis of the current and future development conditions of the blue economy in applicability to maritime spatial planning processes at a regional level. The future post-pandemic context will provide a unique opportunity to promote the blue economy sectors and activities through the support provided by the EU Green Deal and Recovery and Resilience Plans, as well as with the actions envisioned under the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The European Macaronesia example-given its wide maritime territory, commitment, and capacities in terms of expertise and networking-presents a great potential to act as a good practice to extrapolate the new approach for a sustainable blue economy to other similar geographical settings such as island regions/states.
... In fact, The Wadden Sea is a good example that biological effectiveness comes with management effectiveness. Supporting the idea that these two elements must work together as part of the same management cycle (Barragań-Muñoz, 2014;Elliott et al., 2017;Garcıá-Sanabria et al., 2021). Therefore, far from disconnected, they are interrelated. ...
The aim of this study is to assess marine-protected areas’ (MPAs) effectiveness in the protection of marine mammals. With this purpose, the study analyzed the long-term population trend of four different species of marine mammals, geographically placed in distant MPAs. In addition, matching biophysical and governance indicators were identified in order to relate the different management approaches to the biological effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the respective MPA. The results show population recovery trends, providing empirical evidence that suggests the effectiveness of area-based protection measures in marine mammals. Moreover, a parallelism between the governance indicators and the biophysical ones supports that biological and management effectiveness are interrelated. On this basis, the biophysical indicator of human impact was discussed to be deeply related to the precautionary principle, which appears less efficient than the adaptive management. Finally, this study highlights the necessity to better monitor the effectiveness of MPAs in order to avoid paper parks and suggest future recommendations.
... Studies on the importance of citizen participation in relation to environmental projects are numerous in the world: in the United States (Cohen 1995;Osawa 1993;Busenberg 2000;Oloyede et al. 2010), Europe (Martínez Iglesias et al. 2008;García Sanabria et al. 2021) and in Latin America (Conroy and Evans Cowley 2006;Sánchez-Cortez et al. 2018). In particular, its usefulness as a first approach to public opinion to guide government policies is highlighted (Withycombe Keeler et al. 2015). ...
... Within MSP process, public participation has been necessary and very useful so that all the sectors involved can dialogue and seek management alternatives (Pomeroy and Douvere 2008;Díaz Merlano and Jiménez Ramón 2021). Participatory processes have served to identify key issues to be addressed, the discussion between sectors and stakeholders, as well as the reduction of conflicts in national MSP processes (Gopnik et al. 2012; Tissiere and Trouillet 2022), regional (Twomey and O'Mahony 2019) and transboundary (Morf et al. 2019;Cordero Penin et al. 2021;García Sanabria et al. 2021). However, for this to be effective, the public administration must generate participatory processes in which the different actors are informed, listened to, and addressed their perceptions, concerns, current and potential conflicts. ...
Offshore hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation are activities developed internationally in the advance of the energy industry. Conflicts generated by incompatibility with others or with social actors, make the approach from Marine Spatial Planning necessary. In Argentina, although it is a process that has been developing since the middle of the 20th century, it was not until 2014 when the National Government promoted the activity. The North Argentine Basin (NAB) constitutes a hydrocarbon exploration area that was delimited in 2018 by Resolution 65/2018. This activity in the NAB has given rise to conflicts between intervening social actors, which was manifested in the Public Hearing (AP1/21) held in July 2021. That is why the objective of this work was to analyze the results of the AP1/21 and contrast them with the opinion of Mar del Plata's residents. For this, 682 semi-open surveys were carried out, where they were asked about the activity and the AP1/21. As a result, it was obtained that 373 people were expressed in favor (4%) and against (96%) of the project. Topics such as climate change, energy planning, and disagreement with the steps of the participatory process and the environmental impact study were presented. In the case of the surveys, opinions similar to those expressed in the audience were found, corroborating results and conclusions between both processes. In summary, the work allowed us to know not only the opinion of Mar del Plata's population but also the type of information available on the economic activity analyzed.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11852-022-00896-x.
... This study utilized a combined approach using secondary data for the main quantitative analysis (GIS-based MCDA), while incorporating primary data (public opinion gathered through participatory GIS). This provides a more comprehensive methodology than other commonly used methods (e.g., either solely quantitative or solely qualitativesocial data) (García-Sanabria et al. 2021). By utilizing and integrating data driven research, expert experiences and opinions, and the perspectives of non-scientific local community this study intended to minimize biases and confounding factors. ...
Southern Isabela giant tortoise species are the two remaining foci of tortoise poaching in the Galapagos Islands. Terrestrial conservation and management actions in the Galapagos are informed by an exclusively scientific and technical view, with participatory approaches almost solely used in marine planning. To inform and improve the management of giant tortoise populations in Southern Isabela, this study produced a standardized, adaptable, and replicable tool for juvenile captive-bred tortoise release site selection and assessed the value of incorporating local knowledge. Quantitative analysis through GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and public opinion gathered through Participatory GIS were integrated. Results determined that 68% of Southern Isabela lacked any suitability for juvenile tortoise release, and only 32% of Southern Isabela was at all suitable. Findings show the spatial distribution of environmental and anthropogenic variables linked to tortoise occurrence and a quantitative indication of the influence of these variables on tortoise distribution in Southern Isabela. Such knowledge may inform decisions regarding tortoise population restoration, facilitating complementary actions to current captive rearing and breeding. Moreover, highlighting the need for urgent action, Participatory GIS results suggest the magnitude of giant tortoise poaching may be greater than literature proposes. Furthermore, local knowledge can be relevant enough to alter decision making based solely on technical and scientific criteria. This study provides a roadmap for prioritizing decisions regarding the restoration of Galapagos giant tortoise populations based on integration of diverse knowledge systems: scientific, technical, and local.
... The EU's legal framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP) and opportunities for the establishment of long-term cross-border cooperation are explained in [25]. Cross-border MSP in European Macaronesia in combination with a participatory approach suggests a framework for implementing it to other transboundary marine areas [26]. The authors of [27] investigated the contributions of territorial cooperation programs in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) to the sustainable development of tourism by applying qualitative methods. ...
Cross-border cooperation creates possibilities for improving the economic performance of the economies of different countries and allows for the efficient use of resources by considering sector-specific conditions for cooperation. The objective of this paper is to provide a methodological framework for analysing the economic performance of selected blue sectors, suggesting additional information for the development of cross-border cooperation in two neighbouring countries: Estonia and Finland. The analysis of the economic performance of the selected blue sectors relies on the Amadeus database for both countries, the implementation of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the calculation of partial productivity measures. The results of the study show that, on average, blue sectors report good performance indicators in coastal regions, but there are also some signs of imperfect efficiency. The common pattern of imperfectly efficient blue sectors in both countries is due to an excess of some fixed assets, which convey extra costs for business activities and, to some extent, generate excessive environmental pressures. The special nature of a shared blue economic area between Estonia and Finland stipulates close cross-border cooperation as an important tool to improve the performance of the imperfectly efficient sectors through shared “best practice” operations, technologies, and infrastructures. However, the lack of appropriate cross-border statistical data restricts analytical opportunities and the development of policy recommendations.
Argentina´s marine ecosystems provide numerous ecosystem services that support the development of different uses and activities, among which conflicts may arise. However, the implementation of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) processes in Argentina is in its early stages. The objective of this study was to analyze a part of the Spatial Maritime Areas of Argentina (EEAr) from a socio-ecological systems perspective, considering areas of importance based on the ecosystem services they provide and conflicts arising from uses and activities. The goal was to generate zoning proposals for management. The DAPSI(W)R model was employed, enabling a comprehensive analysis of potential effects of human actions and natural events on the marine ecosystem under study. The results yielded a detailed diagnosis of the area, facilitating concrete proposals for interventions and zoning. The primary contribution of this work lies in adapting an innovative methodological proposal for marine spatial planning in the region, aiming to harmonize uses, reduce conflicts, and preserve biodiversity in maritime spaces. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of considering marine ecosystems as socio-ecological systems, providing a holistic perspective that addresses not only environmental but also social and legislative issues.
A extensa costa brasileira tem sido objeto de análises que destacam suas riquezas naturais e ambientais, além de seu potencial para o desenvolvimento nacional. Ao mesmo tempo dinâmico e vulnerável, esse espaço tem sido alvo de estudos e políticas que consideram tanto seus aspectos positivos quanto os riscos decorrentes de práticas territoriais que negligenciam as interações humanas com o meio ambiente. Embora as características dessa faixa litorânea tenham sido objeto de diversas políticas e definições, sua condição de fronteira ainda não foi completamente absorvida nos estudos convencionais sobre fronteiras. Enquanto os estudos tradicionais concentram-se principalmente nas fronteiras terrestres, a natureza fronteiriça da faixa litorânea tem ocupado um lugar central nas análises e ações empreendidas pelas Forças Armadas do Brasil.
