First upper molar centroid size in the different populations.

First upper molar centroid size in the different populations.

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Archaeological material adds a temporal dimension to evolutionary studies that is valuable for elucidating long-term population stability and evolutionary shifts for species closely associated with humans. Here, a two-dimensional geometric morphometrics approach on first upper molars was applied to modern and archaeological samples to assess the ev...

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Context 1
... that it acts as an overall molar size estimator in our samples of house mice. An overall decrease in c-size occurs between archaeological (median, 5.94; interquartile range, 5.86-6.04) and modern (5.76; 5.63-5.94) Orkney populations, with specimens from modern north Scotland (5.66; 5.51-5.77) and France (5.42; 5.31-5.54) being noticeably smaller (Fig. 3). KruskalWallis test results confirm the difference (Table ...
Context 2
... 2 and 3). Samples collected in 1992 from Papa Westray are significantly larger than all other modern and archaeological samples, in terms of both the median and interquartile range (6.18; 6.14-6.25). The difference is most pronounced for comparisons with modern samples, with essentially no overlap present besides other samples from Papa Westray (Fig. 3). For archaeological specimens, Papa Westray samples overlap within the upper end of both site size ranges. However, mice from the same island collected in 2012 display teeth that are similar in size to those from the Birsay site, the nearby island of Westray, and two of the localities from Mainland Orkney (B13 and B14; see Table 3). ...

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