Figures 42-43 - uploaded by Ignasi Torre
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![Birds of Ñeembucú [end]. 42) Iberá Seedeater Sporophila iberaensis, Itá Corá, 25 January 2021 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 43) Golden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris, Puerto Elisa, Desmochados, 02 December 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 44) Chaco Warbling-Finch Microspingus pectoralis, Pilar Military Base, 09 June 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 45) Blue-and-Yellow Tanager Rauenia bonariensis, Pilar Military Base, 16 September 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker).](profile/Ignasi-Torre/publication/360032181/figure/fig1/AS:1146444094418944@1650344980319/Figures-42-43-Birds-of-Neembucu-end-42-Ibera-Seedeater-Sporophila-iberaensis-Ita.png)
Birds of Ñeembucú [end]. 42) Iberá Seedeater Sporophila iberaensis, Itá Corá, 25 January 2021 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 43) Golden-billed Saltator Saltator aurantiirostris, Puerto Elisa, Desmochados, 02 December 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 44) Chaco Warbling-Finch Microspingus pectoralis, Pilar Military Base, 09 June 2020 (Photo: Cristian Torres). 45) Blue-and-Yellow Tanager Rauenia bonariensis, Pilar Military Base, 16 September 2021 (Photo: Emma Walker).
![Figures 42-43. Birds of Ñeembucú [end]. 42) Iberá Seedeater Sporophila...](profile/Ignasi-Torre/publication/360032181/figure/fig1/AS:1146444094418944@1650344980319/Figures-42-43-Birds-of-Neembucu-end-42-Ibera-Seedeater-Sporophila-iberaensis-Ita_Q320.jpg)
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Análise do risco aviário e técnicas de mitigação.
Citations
... In Paraguay, 688 bird species have been described (Birdlife International, 2023), while 330 and 356 species have been documented for the Ñeembucú region according to Hicks et al. (2022) and eBird Paraguay (2023) (Robinson et al., 2000;Blake, 2007;Azpiroz & Blake, 2009;Blake & Loiselle, 2009;Borges et al., 2019;dos Anjos et al., 2023.). However, our results clearly support the validity of the "oligarch hypothesis" to explain the structure of bird assemblages at larger scales (Blake, 2007;Naka, 2004) (Faria et al., 2018;Gantz et al., 2009;Quiroga et al., 2018). ...
Understanding how diversity responds to habitat heterogeneity in a landscape is a central issue for implementing effective conservation plans. In this study, we analyzed how the composition and abundance of neotropical bird assemblages vary among habitats in the Ñeembucú Wetlands Complex, the largest wetland system in Paraguay. Bird surveys were conducted during 1 year within dominant habitats in the landscape: riparian forests, natural grasslands, savannas, and anthropized sites. The Ñeembucú Wetlands Complex showed a high bird richness (209 species) that contrasted with a pattern of dominance by a small set of 16 species that comprised half of the abundance. This set of oligarchic species consists of generalist species that exploited a wide variety of habitats and were well adapted to human disturbance, contributing to an important overlap in the composition of assemblages. However, despite this overall similarity, there is still significant differentiation in bird assemblages, especially between habitats with the most contrasting vegetation physiognomy. Riparian forests and savannas showed higher diversity values than the more structurally homogeneous grasslands. Also, all natural habitats showed, in general, higher diversity values than anthropized sites. Oligarchic species had higher importance in anthropized environments, which also had the most uneven distribution of abundance between species, indicating the dominance by a smaller number of species and the loss of ecological diversity as farmland and urban development increase.
Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Ecological and geographical factors shape the current distribution of species. Analysing their interplay in a phylogenetic framework is key to understand the historical processes that have shaped the evolution of a group. Here, we modelled the ecological niches and geographic distributions of the five species of doraditos ( Pseudocolopteryx spp.) to study their biogeographic histories, niche evolution and speciation process in a phylogenetic framework. Our potential distribution models uncovered novel range‐wide distributional patterns and seasonal movements in the doraditos, where four species are migratory with distinct breeding and non‐breeding distributions, and one ( P. sclateri ) exhibits a complex spatiotemporal distribution indicating nomadism. Ecological niche pairwise comparisons showed that none of the doraditos have equivalent niches and that niche differences are due to species‐specific habitat preferences. Phylogenetically weighted geographical and ecological analyses showed patterns of allopatric speciation and niche lability in the evolution of doraditos. The divergence of P. sclateri seems tied to its tropical‐to‐temperate wetland specialization. The montane P. acutipennis expanded to human‐modified lowlands following speciation, highlighting the need to control for post‐speciational changes in ecological niche comparisons as done here. In turn, P. dinelliana , P. citreola and P. flaviventris showed essentially allopatric breeding distributions, as a product of environmentally mediated divergence during their speciation processes. The distribution and migration data of the recently diverged cryptic sister species P. citreola and P. flaviventris are consistent with two possible speciation scenarios: peripatric speciation and migration dosing speciation.
