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Figure3: Millan's cycling streets schemes. Source: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/21/milan-seeks-to-preventpost-crisis-return-of-traffic-pollution
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Abstract:
Sustainability as a concept has been known since the recognition of tangible and intangible needs to survive. It aims at encouraging architects to frame their design decisions in terms of environmental, social, economic, and cultural impact for the longterm. taking into consideration the present situation to meet people’s needs, and to en...
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The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2022 has revealed the vulnerability of modern society to a highly contagious airborne virus. Many spaces in the urban and built environment designed during the late twentieth and early twenty-first century are ill-suited to maintain the level of social distancing required to reduce the probability of virus transmission...
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... Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, our lives have undergone significant changes, introducing terms such as distant learning, quarantine, social distancing, and flexible working into our daily routines [1]. Such events have historically reshaped our environments, compelling us to adapt to new ways of living in response to the challenges posed by pandemics [2]. Architects and designers face formidable challenges during pandemics, as they must balance the need to prevent physical interactions with the requirements for quarantine [3]. ...
Human existence and development have always relied on suitable shelter. The dual-directional
relationship of human residence has always been a material dealt with to enhance residential
living conditions. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic introduced abrupt and dramatic
changes to human life protocols that exerted clear pressure on different sectors within the built environment.
Housing experienced a great impact due to the need for social distancing and quarantine
obligations to support human life. In this study, in order to measure human adaptation and residence
alterations following new residential requirements, the quality of interior space investigations
to promote a better built environment for occupants was facilitated using the theory of residential
dissatisfaction, already adopted in the current study. Residents’ responses were extracted regarding
their dissatisfaction by applying the Likert scale for measurement and evaluation. This study focused
on homogenous housing estates in Erbil City. Apartments were precisely selected with different
plans and building layouts for widespread use in the city. They were occupied during the
three stages of the study to extend beyond investigating the direct impact of the pandemic on the
permanence of alterations and adaptation even after the pandemic. The reasons for changed dissatisfaction
levels were investigated to improve the reliability of formulating final conclusions and
recommendations. The findings showed increased dissatisfaction during the pandemic in most
spaces; apartment layout and space design significantly affected responses and demands. The levels
of dissatisfaction after the pandemic changed from stable to a slight decline in dissatisfaction. The
effect of limited external spaces in apartments limited the possibility of managing pressure. This
case might be less demanding in single-family housing due to the availability of private gardens.
The results indicate that five distinct spaces were affected by the pandemic: the living room, family
dining area, children’s bedroom, laundry room, and storage area. The dissatisfaction with these
spaces increased during the pandemic and either remained unchanged or continued to rise afterward.
... This is considered important due to the ability of community activities to ensure people socialize and enjoy civilizations (Jasiński, 2020). Meanwhile, architecture is involved in the urban planning process and the design of public facilities during a pandemic need to consider new values, new habits, and requirements (Ateek, 2020). The lockdown and stay-at-home policies changed people's views on public facilities and this has the ability to reduce their sense of attachment when the restrictions are sustained for a long period (Honey-Rosés et al., 2020b). ...
Since COVID-19 emerged in Asia, the function of urban public facilities has been adapted to adapt to the pandemic conditions. This article discusses the use of public facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, Japan, and Egypt using responses obtained from a questionnaire. The data retrieved were analyzed using the T-test statistical method and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the intensity of public facilities usage was reduced after community activities were restricted. Moreover, the decision to use the facilities tended to be based on the implementation of health protocols regardless of the distance from their homes. This is evident from the number of visits to modern shopping places rather than traditional markets to fulfill daily needs despite the longer distance and this indicates the focus on security and comfort. Information technology was also considered quite helpful in handling the pandemic as well as the latest information related to the development of the pandemic obtained quite easily from print media, announcements in several public facilities, and easily accessible websites.
... 17 There is no balcony Bal.1. 2 Limited space, difficult to walk or sit (area) Bal.1. 3 Narrow shape (proportion) Bal.1. ...
Human existence and development ever demanded suitable shelter, the dual direc-tion relationship of human-residence have always been a material dealt with to enhance residential living conditions. The emersion of COVID-19 pandemic had introduced ab-rupt and dramatic changes in human life protocols, that exerted clear pressure on differ-ent sectors within the built environment. Housing beard great impact due to needs of so-cial distancing and quarantine obligations to increase chances of human existence. In order to measure human adaptation and residence alterations following new residential requirements, Quality of life investigations to promotse better built environment for oc-cupants had been facilitated using theory of residential dissatisfaction already been adopted in current study. Residents’ responses had been extracted regarding their dissat-isfaction applying Likert scale for measurement and evaluation. The study focused on homogenous housing estates in Erbil City precisely apartments have been selected with different plans and building layouts for their widespread use in the city and have been occupied during the three stages of study to go beyond investigating direct impact of the pandemic towards permanence of alterations and adaptation even after pandemic. Rea-sons causing changed dissatisfaction levels have been investigated for better reliability towards formulating final conclusions and recommendations. Findings showed in-creased dissatisfaction during pandemic in most of spaces, apartment layout and space design significantly affected responses and demands. Levels of dissatisfaction after pan-demic were different from stability to slight decline in dissatisfaction. The effect of limited external spaces in apartments had limited the possibility to manage the pressure, a case that might be less demanding in single family housing due to availability of private gar-dens.
... The COVID-19 pandemic has made architects aware that housing acts as an independent entity in the event of a crisis. According to Ateek (2020), the sustainable design creates healthy housing, reduces environmental impact, and helps prevent infectious diseases. Furthermore, the pandemic has brought about a change in the view that the need for a healthy and comfortable living space is very important for mental and physical well-being (Tokazhanov et al., 2020). ...
... This pandemic forced many countries including Iran to shutdown with a total or partial lockdown to curb the spread of the virus (Allu-Kangkum, 2021). It has been asserted that the COVID-19 Pandemic has become a major public health concern worldwide, which can impact, in particular, environmental sustainability and social responsibility, as well as people's quality of life (Severo, De Guimarães, & Dellarmelin, 2021), architecture and urbanism (Salama, 2020), built environment and physical surrounding, architectural practices (Ateek, 2020), the way we design our living spaces, general society and urban environment, and urbanization, as well as building construction (Tokazhanov, Tleuken, Guney, Turkyilmaz, & Karaca, 2020). Knowing the fact that in addition to many aspects of life worldwide being impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic, architecture and home designs have been influenced as well. ...
... The rise of globalization and modernization policies have changed people's needs and their understanding of People's demands and concepts of home have altered as a result of globalisation and modernization initiatives. Today, the built environment is where most of us spend a significant portion of our everyday time (Ateek, 2020). Additionally, they have changed the way our constructed environment looks for a very long time, causing us to respond, learn from our mistakes, and eventually adapt in new ways. ...
... Architects and urban planners will take on the role of the new "treaters" who work to avoid epidemics since architectural practises will change as a result of the pandemic (Köksal & Umnu, 2020). In light of this, it is thought that architecture is a crucial tool for responding to and even preventing infectious diseases (Ateek, 2020). ...
The COVID-19 humanitarian situation is unparalleled, and there can be no return to the "old normal." According to reports, the COVID-19 Pandemic is now a significant public health issue that could have an influence on people's quality of life as well as environmental sustainability and social responsibility, as well as architecture and home designs. Bearing this in mind, this qualitative research was conducted to (1) to explore the extent to which the architects apply innovative strategies to fit the needs for the homes in the post-Pandemic era, and (2) to explore the architectural needs and wants of the residents in the post-Pandemic era. To fulfill these, semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. A total of eight architects and ten residents living in apartment buildings were recruited by purposive sampling. The interviews were processed using thematic analysis. It was reported by majority of the architects that the most important innovative strategies to fit the needs for the homes in the post-Pandemic era are independent buildings, energy-related design changes, more human-centered design concepts, green open spaces, and advanced technology. As for residents, their architectural needs and wants in the post-Pandemic era were HVAC system, green open spaces, inappropriate designs, and lack of self-sufficient strategies. Further discussion on the findings have been reported in this research.
... The impact of confinement on air pollution was studied by (Aloi et al. 2020;Patrick Hertzke, Neu, and Weaver 2020) and shows its advantages in the protection of the environment. Moreover, the impact of human behaviour on energy consumption due to confinement was given an in-depth reflexion by (Ateek 2020). ...
Corona Virus (COVID-19) is forcing us to re-examine our current travel patterns in order to adapt to social distancing. For this purpose, simulation of pedestrian mobility remains relevant and can facilitate the design of buildings and urban spaces in this newly emerging context. Under COVID-19, a university campus in Algeria has been selected to demonstrate digital simulation for the study of pedestrian mobility. Infraworks software founded on multi-agent simulation is used. Based on the establishment and comparison of various scenarios, we are able to confirm the effects of the anti-pandemic measures on pedestrian behavior in the studied area, such as social distance and the decline in student population, and the implementation of new traffic plans to enhance working conditions on the university campus. The results show that this tool enables the readjustment of space and people’s behavior so that the university activities carry on with a minimum health risk.
KEYWORDS:
Numerical simulationpedestrian mobilitysocial distanceCOVID-19University campusinfraworks
... Throughout the space, there are several storage and space-saving solutions, such as furniture that folds out from the walls. The design also includes a large balcony that offers space for outdoor activities [18][19][20]. ...
... In the night mode, the living room is compressed to form a master suite and a second bedroom ( Figure 5). In the play mode, the apartment is transformed into a wide-open space for entertainment [17,19,20]. The last mode, however, requires additional means to protect roommates during the quarantine. ...
The purpose of this article is to propose a new design for a sustainable built environment using a specific business system as an example that transforms and implements modular systems and UV lighting to prevent the spread of infectious agents after COVID-19, which directly affects the ability of some types of businesses to function. The paper explores the possibility of purchasing, introducing and using UV radiation for disinfection of premises and the destruction of potentially dangerous viruses and bacteria. The proposed model allows self-isolating persons to adapt to the changing reality and remain productive consumers of goods and services within the business system under study. The modular system, combined with germicidal UV lamps, due to their ability to inactivate viruses, effectively creates a safe hygienic environment, which affects the attractiveness of the territory for visitors and increases the number of ‘contacts’ of the consumer with the company and brand.
... What role does architecture play in epidemics and the post-pandemic world? Finally, the impact of COVID-19 on people's daily routines in the built environment is discussed [13]. ...
From over the centuries, pandemics consistently molded urban communities, many health issues have been reflected in the architecture and design of cities. Today, the world is going through an overall crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, the most horrendous in longer than a century giving rise to various challenges to confront this epidemic. The ascent in the number of individuals tainted with Coronavirus and the expanding number of passing may bring about a survey of the different Congregational spaces and their renovation planning methodologies to cope with the pandemic. The point of the investigation is to examine the effects of the COVID-19 on the Architectural practices with respect to practical interventions and how will the congregational spaces respond with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic.. Therefore, new strategies and implementation principles of emergency design, especially in Congregational spaces (Cinemas/Theatres, Shopping Malls, Libraries must be directed towards healthcare and precautionary measures during the conditions of the pandemic. Thus, it raises the subject of planning for irresistible infections that will most likely affect future exploration and practice.
... Architects and future users will pay more attention to climate, health, architecture, and environmental issues and how these four affect one another. The design of future structures will certainly consider sustainability, health and flexibility more so that future structures can be useful to prevent the spread of viruses like this again [7]. In conclusion, COVID-19 has brought impact in the public space and built environment so there will be changing in the public space and built environment in the future. ...
... Future of Sustainable Architecture: Rethinking COVID-19 a Pandemic or turning point? [7] This article is discussing the architecture sustainability in the future cities and urban. Rethinking public space: between rhetoric and reality [31] This article is an evaluation about public perception in term of social and economy issue. ...
The spread and pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is currently happening in the world, has led to new policy steps in the security of public spaces to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health. There is new adaptation in the policies while using space like limiting the use of public spaces, increasing social distancing between people or creating territory. Territory means specific area where are claimed or maintained (can be physically, through ruler or symbols). Territory can give a sense of security to the users. Therefore, this paper give insight and rethinking the territory concept as sense of security in interior public space and built environment where people expect to see strangers in this space. The methods in this paper are literature review method by collecting and synthesizing previous research using integrative approach. For the result is territory concept achieved as part of protection to the users in the build environment with mechanisms that should be applied in each type: the boundary between areas; limitation to the symbolic; supervision and control of space.
... Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the acute respiratory infections (ARI) caused by SARS-CoV-2 and declared a pandemic in early 2020. Though the pandemic will not last forever, the virus will be in nature for a long time due to the dynamic nature of the virus to survive in the wilderness therefore virus mutations will occur continuously if the potential for transmission is available [1]. Until June 2021, three new variants have been discovered by the World Health Organization (WHO) and circulated in Indonesia, which are alpha (B.117), beta (B.1.351), ...
This discussion is based on the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes children to be vulnerable to infection due to their still-developing organs and immune system. The nature of the virus to survive in the environment encourages the existence of variants of the virus, making vaccines the only way to stop the virus from spreading internally. Based on the latest research by WHO, a new virus variant has been found with the potential for transmission and effects that are more severe than the previous virus. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on changing educational activities to distance through the use of technology. Children are a golden phase to learn and get to know something that tends to be through direct interaction. However, this is less effective because of children who need to be supervised and tend to be given natural direction and the children’s homes’ different psychological conditions and conditions. This study aims to analyze the concept of an excellent class to minimize the risk of spreading COVID-19 and other virus variants in the future so that it is safe for the health of users, namely children. It conducts a concept-based framework with an antivirus built-environment approach supported with simulation, literature and precedent review. In the discussion, the concept of an antivirus built-environment class is supported by an understanding of biophilic built-environment, especially biomimetics and direct use of nature, as well as the existence of spatial shift standards due to the risk of spread, government regulations on learning systems, healthy space and climate conditions in Indonesia. Biomimetics translates the character and work system of viruses biologically with the help of antivirus software tools because of the similarities in their properties. Antivirus built-environment on the class concept is realized in the form of scanning incoming users with the help of technology and room protection. The application of this concept, when discovered, is expected to prevent the accumulation of users from minimizing interactions that are at risk of spreading the virus, nourish users with the help of nature, and provide a place for children’s learning activities.
