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Figure A2. (Left) Downward radiances at the surface, between 8 and 12 µm, computed using MODTRAN6 with a midlatitude summer model atmosphere. Water vapor was uniformly scaled to produce a TPW of 5.7 mm (blue), 11.4 mm (orange), and 22.7 mm (purple), with all other model parameters held constant. Also plotted are blackbody curves for three different temperatures (black), with each curve having the same integrated radiance as the corresponding MODTRAN6 radiance. (Right) Same as Left but for uniform changes in atmospheric temperature of ±5 K with water vapor held constant at TPW=11.4 mm. Equivalent blackbody curves and temperatures are also shown.

Figure A2. (Left) Downward radiances at the surface, between 8 and 12 µm, computed using MODTRAN6 with a midlatitude summer model atmosphere. Water vapor was uniformly scaled to produce a TPW of 5.7 mm (blue), 11.4 mm (orange), and 22.7 mm (purple), with all other model parameters held constant. Also plotted are blackbody curves for three different temperatures (black), with each curve having the same integrated radiance as the corresponding MODTRAN6 radiance. (Right) Same as Left but for uniform changes in atmospheric temperature of ±5 K with water vapor held constant at TPW=11.4 mm. Equivalent blackbody curves and temperatures are also shown.

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Figure 1. Fractional distribution of measurement conditions for each...
Figure 3. Time series composite of sky temperature (black) and...
Figure 5. The relationship between the observed sky temperature and the...
Figure 6. (Left) Downward radiances at the surface, located 1.42 km...
Figure A2. (Left) Downward radiances at the surface, between 8 and 12...
Atmospheric Precipitable Water and its Correlation with Clear Sky Infrared Temperature Observations
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  • May 2021
Total precipitable water (TPW) in the atmosphere is the vertically integrated amount of atmospheric water in all of its phases. TPW is a valuable predictor for weather forecasting, and it is routinely measured using radiosondes, ground-based global positioning systems (GPS), sun photometers, or microwave radiometers. The use of these sophisticated...
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... BY 4.0 License. Figure A2 shows the results of MODTRAN6 calculations as described above in Sect. 4. In this case the spectral passband is assumed to be between 8 and 12 micrometers, and we find a corresponding decrease in effective brightness temperatures compared to those shown in Fig. 6. The results confirm our hypothesis that the lower temperatures observed by the FLIR i3 instruments are primarily due to differences in spectral passbands. ...

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