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![A photomicrograph of a section in the liver of MSG treated group II showing that most of the peripheral hepatocytes (thin arrows) appear with cytoplasmic vacuolization.[H&E ×400].](profile/Shler-Faqe-Mahmood/publication/318599895/figure/fig2/AS:518651175944193@1500667484335/Figure-3-A-photomicrograph-of-a-section-in-the-liver-of-MSG-treated-group-II-showing.png)
A photomicrograph of a section in the liver of MSG treated group II showing that most of the peripheral hepatocytes (thin arrows) appear with cytoplasmic vacuolization.[H&E ×400].
Source publication
Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) or L-Glutamic acid is the sodium salt of
glutamic acid is toxic to human and experimental animals. Liver and kidney may be
susceptible to injury resulting from toxic substances. Ginger has immuno-modulatory,
antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antihyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic
actions.
Objec...
Citations
... In the present work, the groups that received daily Monosodium glutamate and SY had a depletion of PASpositive glycogen content in the liver tissues associated with a significant decrease in glycogen content in hepatocytes, this was in accordance with Dorreia et al. [59] . Mustafa et al. [60] suggested that Monosodium glutamate stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver leading to a reduction in the glycogen content, hyperglycemia, and a decrease in insulin sensitivity. In the Kidney, the basement membranes appeared thick with a significant increase compared to the control group, and the brush borders of some renal corpuscles were disturbed. ...
... In terms of the current histopathological findings, normal hepatocytes arranged in regulated cords around the central vein and GE-treated group, and periportal hepatic necrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration, hepatic vacuolation was seen in MSG-treated rats. Such findings are comparable to [96][97][98] findings. Due to MSG, therefore, the cell is not able and cannot repair the damage entirely due to excess glutamine. ...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive, and there is a trepidation that MSG plays a critical role in multiple hepatic disorders. This study was planned to investigate Graviola extract (GE) effects on hepatic and cellular alterations induced by MSG. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (received normal saline), Graviola (received 200 mg/kg body weight), MSG (received 2.4 gm MSG/kg, 15% of Lethal dose (LD50) of MSG), Graviola + monosodium glutamate (MSG + GE; received GE, 200 mg/kg/day and MSG 2.4 gm/kg body weight (BW) for the next four weeks), and monosodium glutamate + Graviola (received MSG only (2.4 gm/kg BW) daily for four weeks, then concomitant with Graviola (200 mg/kg BW) daily for the next four weeks. MSG and GR were administered orally for eight weeks. Our results showed that MSG caused a significant increase in oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) level, a tumor protein (P53), hepatic cellular damage, as well as proapoptotic markers caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-like protein 4 (Bax). A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and an antiapoptotic agent B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) was observed. The detected MSG effects were normalized by Graviola administration, either a prophylactic or protecting dose. Besides, Graviola reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and led to the upregulation of the silent information regulator protein one gene expression gene (SIRT1).In conclusion, the results suggest that Gaviola’s interrelated antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are potential mechanisms to enhance hepatic deficits and protect the liver. Graviola can, therefore, be considered a promising hepatoprotective supplement. Additionally, further human clinical trials are also necessary to validate the present research.
We used seventy adult male and twenty adult female rats . The present study was carried out in the animal house in the Collage of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Iraq. The study divided into two experiments as following:
The First experiment: It aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene on some physiological and biochemical parameters in male rats treated with monosodium glutamate such as: body weight, antioxidant activity, blood parameters, biochemical parameters and some hormones as well as the histological study of liver, kidney, and the brain. We used Sixty adult male rats of 4th month age were divided randomly into six groups (10 rats in each) as follow: The First group (Control): rats were given 0.25ml of normal saline orally by oral gavage for 30 days. The Second group (G2): rats were given 0.25 ml of MSG (20 mg/Kg BW) by oral gavage for 30 days. The Third group (G3): rats were given 0.25ml of MSG (20mg/kg BW) by gavage orally for 15 days and after that the animals given 0.25ml of lycopene (200mg/kg BW) by oral gavage for other 15 days. The Fourth group (G4): rats were given 0.25ml of lycopene (200mg/kg BW) by oral gavage for 15 days followed by 0.25ml MSG (20 mg/kg BW) given orally for another 15 days. The Fifth group (G5): rats were given 0.25ml of lycopene (100mg/kg BW) by oral gavage and after one hour the same animals had been given (0.25ml) of MSG (20 mg/kg BW) by oral gavage for 30 days. The sixth group (G6): rats were given 0.25ml of lycopene (200mg/kg) daily by oral gavage and after one hour the same animals had been given 0.25ml of MSG (20mg/kg BW) by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the first experiment, the animals, sacrificed and The blood sample collected for physiological and biochemical analysis, in addition to histological (the liver, kidney and brain) were examined histologically.
The results showed a significant decrease in body weight gain in groups treated with lycopene as a compared with the control group and G2. Most blood parameters shown a significant increase in G2, while the groups which treated with lycopene showed a significant decrease as a compared with the control and G2 groups. Most treated groups have a significant increase of liver enzymes and total protein also total bilirubin,
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creatinine, urea and uric acid. Regarding the lipid profile ,all parameters (except high density lipoprotein) showed a significant increase in most treated groups, especially G2. Adrenocorticotropic hormones showed a significant increase in most treated groups. On the contrary, in cortisol and Triiodothyronine. But Thyroxin showed a significant rise in G2 only. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the Glutathione peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease in the whole treated groups as compared with control. Whereas in malondialdehyde, showed a significant increase in G2 as compared with the control and other treated groups. Concerning the histopathologic study, sections of most treated groups has been affected.
The second experiment: The purpose of this experiment to isolate primary hippocampus and cortical neurons cells from prenatal pulps rat at age (E16-18) days of pregnant and to investigate the effect of MSG and lycopene on the cell viability of these cells, depending on dose and time of 7th days of incubation. The results showed a significant decrease cell viability in MSG treated neurons as compared with untreated cells in according time depended or time. While the lycopene treatment cell showed no significant differences as compared vehicle(dimethylallyl diphosphate) treated cells. Furthermore, to prove that isolated cells are neurons, we did Immunocytochemistry study and the results proved it.
