Figure 2 - uploaded by Amany Farag
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photomicrographs of the small intestine View A: duodenum with aggregation of lymphatic nodules (L), villi (V), propria sub mucosa (S) and muscle layer (M). View B: high magnification of the duodenum showing lymphatic nodule (L) and diffuse lymphatic tissue (D) in the core of the villi. View C: the distal part of the duodenum showing large number of lymphatic nodules (L) which press on the muscle layer (M). View D: duodenum showing lymphatic nodule (L) in the tunica muscularis (M). View E: high magnification of small intestine showing the diffuse lymphatic tissue (D), lymphatic nodules (L) and lymphoepithelium (white arrow) contained lymphocytes infiltrate the simple columnar epithelium of the villi. View F: high magnification of the small intestine showing lymphatic nodule in the tunica serosa (L).
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Context 1
... containing diffuse lymphatic tissue (D), lymphatic nodules (L), esophageal glands (EG) and proventricular glands (PG). The lymphocytic infiltration occupied the lamina propria sub mucosa of the wall of intestine and extended to the core of the intestinal villi in addition to lymph follicles were scattered at the base of the short blunt villi ( Fig. 2A-C). Some isolated lymphatic follicle more extended beyond the lamina propria sub mucosa and located in the tunica muscularis (Fig. 2D) and even located in the sub serosa (Fig. 2F). The lymphocytes infiltrate the simple columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi forming lymphoepithelium (Fig. ...
Context 2
... infiltration occupied the lamina propria sub mucosa of the wall of intestine and extended to the core of the intestinal villi in addition to lymph follicles were scattered at the base of the short blunt villi ( Fig. 2A-C). Some isolated lymphatic follicle more extended beyond the lamina propria sub mucosa and located in the tunica muscularis (Fig. 2D) and even located in the sub serosa (Fig. 2F). The lymphocytes infiltrate the simple columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi forming lymphoepithelium (Fig. ...
Context 3
... sub mucosa of the wall of intestine and extended to the core of the intestinal villi in addition to lymph follicles were scattered at the base of the short blunt villi ( Fig. 2A-C). Some isolated lymphatic follicle more extended beyond the lamina propria sub mucosa and located in the tunica muscularis (Fig. 2D) and even located in the sub serosa (Fig. 2F). The lymphocytes infiltrate the simple columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi forming lymphoepithelium (Fig. ...
Context 4
... scattered at the base of the short blunt villi ( Fig. 2A-C). Some isolated lymphatic follicle more extended beyond the lamina propria sub mucosa and located in the tunica muscularis (Fig. 2D) and even located in the sub serosa (Fig. 2F). The lymphocytes infiltrate the simple columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi forming lymphoepithelium (Fig. ...
Citations
... In birds, there is no compensation for the decrease in digestive and absorption capacity due to the longer retention time of food in the intestine. Partial compensatory mechanisms may be attributed to increased mucosal surface area and villous area, although this is not sufficient to compensate for the reduced nominal intestinal surface area (Hamoda and Farag, 2018;Lavin et al., 2008). ...
Peculiarities of the morphological structure of the feral pigeon’s (Columba livia f. urbana) digestive system have been established. In the process of evolution, the digestive system has acquired certain anatomical changes that perform adaptive mechanisms for flying and egg-laying. In pigeons, the rostral part of the skull is represented by a beak consisting of an upper bill (maxilla) and gnathotheca (mandible) part. Due to the absence of a palatal fold, the digestive tract begins with the oropharynx, which lacks lips, teeth, and gums. The gorge is present in both sexes, consists of the right and left parts, and performs the function of accumulating fodder and secreting gorge milk, which is fed to the young through regurgitation. The mucous membrane of the esophagus forms longitudinal folds. There is a large number of digestive glands in the proventriculus. The cavity of the muscular stomach contains gastroliths, which act as teeth, ensuring grinding of food mass. The small intestine consists of the duodenum and ileum, which are joined by the mesentery and form three loops. The mucous membrane is developed, represented by numerous crypts that ensure the absorption of nutrients. The large intestine is represented by the paired rectal cecum and the rectum. The mucous membrane of the thick intestine is represented by leaf-like villi. The muscle layer is the most developed, myocytes are located in circular and longitudinal directions, forming folds
... Similarly, (Pourrhaji et al., 2019) reported that in ducks, lymphatic nodules were densely distributed in the proximal portion compared to the middle and distal segments of the caecum. In their investigation of pigeon ceca, (Hamoda and Farag, 2018) found that the caecal wall exhibited a significant infiltration of diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic nodules that occupied the entire thickness of the caecal wall. The current research has a restricted focus, primarily at the cellular-level, and does not encompass the application of additional biochemical markers and lake of developmental data. ...
Muscovy ducks are becoming an increasingly important source of food worldwide. Caecal microbial digestion is crucial for the growth and maintenance of the health in these birds. The main objectives of this study is to understand the anatomy, histology, histochemistry, and distribution of lymphoid tissue in the caeca of Muscovy ducks. Samples from eight healthy adult Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) were fixed, processed, sectioned, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Periodic Acid Schiff: Alcian blue pH 2.5 and toluidine blue stains for histochemical analysis. Dissecting microscope measurements and histological measures were taken, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate B lymphocyte distribution. The study found that in Muscovy ducks, the left caecum was longer and heavier than the right caecum, and the proximal portion of both caeca was wider and had thicker walls compared to the middle and distal portions. Histologically, the length of villi and depth of crypts were greater in the proximal portion compared to the middle and distal portions. Histochemical analysis showed that acidic glycoprotein was dominant in the villi and crypts, with higher density in the middle portion compared to the proximal and distal portions. The density of glycosaminoglycans was also higher in goblet cells at the basal crypts compared to longitudinal crypts. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher levels of lymph follicles and B lymphocytes in the proximal portion compared to the middle and distal portions. The complex architecture suggests that caeca in Muscovy duck play a significant role in microbial digestion and immunological functionality and Insight into caecal morphology enhance bird’s productivity and health.
