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The present study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histological, aspects of the stomach in two different Iraqi birds, (common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus (herbivorous) and the barn owl, Tyto alba (carnivorous). Stomach in the two studied birds IS divided into two parts, glandular or true stomach (proventriculus) and the muscular stomach or...
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Citations
... The luminal side is characterized by a mucous membrane covered with simple cuboidal epithelium which forms tubular glands protruding to lamina propria. The secretion from these glands forms a gastric cuticule (Kuryszko et al., 2019;Catroxo et al., 1997;Al-Juboory et al., 2017; Taki-El-Deen, 2017). ...
... A literature review showed several morphological and histological examinations and SEM on the digestive system (Al-Juboory et al., 2016;Umar & Atabo, 2019), cervical spine (Krings et al., 2014), pecten oculi (Yilmaz et al., 2017), wing vision (Orlowski et al., 2012), auditory space (Feldman & Knudsen, 1997), appendicular skeleton (Usende et al., 2017), and kidneys (Dauod & Israa, 2021) of the barn owl. However, during an exhaustive literature search, there is no detailed study on the tongue of the barn owl. ...
The beak structure changes according to the feeding patterns of birds. Further, the morphological and histological structures of their tongues vary. Therefore, the current study aimed to perform macroanatomical and histological examinations and scanning electron microscopy of the barn owl's (Tylo alba) tongue. Two dead barn owls were brought to the anatomy laboratory and were used as study material. The tongue of the barn owl was long, triangular-shaped with a bifurcated tip. There were no papillae in the anterior 1/3 of the tongue, and the lingual papillae were shaped toward the back. The radix linguae were surrounded by a single row of conical papillae. Irregular thread-like papillae were found on both sides of the tongue. The salivary gland ducts were on the lateral margin of the corpus linguae and the dorsal surface of the radix linguae. The lingual glands were in the lamina propria near the stratified squamous epithelium layer of the tongue. The dorsal surface of the tongue comprised non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and the ventral surface and caudal part of the tongue had keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Hyaline cartilages were detected in the connective tissue immediately below the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium on the dorsal surface of the root of the tongue. The study results can contribute to the current knowledge on the anatomical structure of birds. Further, they can be useful in managing the barn owl when used as companion animals and in research activity.
... The microscopic findings observed that the ventricular wall was comprised of three layers, and the submucosa was not present; this result disagrees with (9) in the barn owl. A cuticle covered the mucous membrane, comparable with (10) in pigeon Columba palumbus. ...
... In contrast, species that eat food that unrequired mechanical digestion significantly as piscivores or carnivores possesses mostly a thin or undeveloped ventriculus with a thin cuticle 12,14 . The serosal layer was formed by loose connective tissue covered by a mesothelium; this finding was concerned with previously observed in (9) in mallard and Columba palumbus. The mean thickness of this layer was higher (non significantly) in guinea fowl than in geese. ...
The present study aimed to describe and compare the histomorphological and histochemical structures to ventriculus in Goose(Anser anser) and Guinea fowls (Numidia meleagris). The work was carried out on twenty apparently clinically healthy birds obtained from a supplier in Baghdad city. They were allocated in two equal groups of each type of bird. The two groups were utilized for histological and histochemical investigations of their ventriculus organ. After anesthesia and killing birds, their abdominal cavity was dissected, their ventriculus was identified and proper specimens from its walls were prepared. The samples designated for histochemical staining were fixed in a solution of bruin's fixative, while the others for general histological examination were fixed in (10%) neutral buffered formalin. After processing, the sections were stained with (2.5 PH) Alcian- PAS combination, periodic acid Schiff, Masson Trichrome, and Hematoxylin and Eosin stains. This study elucidates that the microscopic construct of the ventriculus was similar for the two species. The ventriculus consists of three tunicates (serosa, muscularis, and mucosa), whereas the submucosa is absent. The wall showed some significant differences in morphometric measurements. The mucosa of the ventriculus is coated with a thick layer of cuticles organized as a wavy clear pink line parallel to the mucosal surface and mucosal folds. The simple cuboidal-columnar epithelium covered the mucosa, which showed many folds. The proprial glands (simple tubular type) are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, which opens into the crypts between the folds. A well-developed muscular comprised of smooth muscle fibers as two layers of inner circular and outer longitudinal. Serosa is composed of loose connective tissue coated by mesothelium. The Mean thickness of Cuticle, length of folds, mucosa and muscular in goose were significantly higher than that in guinea fowl; these differences may be due to variation in their diet. PAS and AB-PAS combined (2.5-PH) stains, cuticle layer, epithelium lining, and gastric glands showed a positive reaction with these stains. This study aimed to Study the normal histomorphological histochemical and structure of Gizzard in two avian species, local male guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris) and male geese (Anser anser). Also aimed to Comparative histomorphological, histomorphometric measurements and histochemical study of the Gizzard of two different local male avian species (Guinea fowl and geese). Keywords: Histomorphological, Histochemical, Ventriculus, Guinea fowls, Geese
... The stomach appeared in both birds consisting of two parts, the proventriculus and the gizzard, and this is confirmed by most studies that deal with birds (Zaher et al. 2012;Hamdi et al. 2013;AL-Juboory et al. 2016;Al-taee 2017). The proventriculus in both birds appeared conical with a secretory chemical activity, and this is consistent with the proventriculus of doves, sandgrouse, parrot, Coturnix coturnix, and most birds (Hamad 2008;Al-Hamdany 2012;Zaher et al. 2012). ...
... That was also seen in forest pigeon birds (AL-Juboory et al. 2016) as well as in the study of Ogunkoya and Cook (2009) and the sandgrouse (Al-Jeraisy, 2017). It did not appear clearly in the starling, as it was difficult to notice, and this is consistent with the white owl, as this region was not observed (AL-Juboory et al. 2016). That also indicates that the stomach in the zebra finch is of a simple type while in the starling is of a complex type. ...
... Gizzard contained small pebbles as in most birds, such as sandgrouse, parrot, and guinea fowl, which also appeared in the current study of birds (Al-Hamdany 2012; Al-Jeraisy 2017). The research results showed that gizzard is lined with koillin and has a role in mechanical digestion as in pigeon birds and white owl (AL-Juboory et al. 2016). ...
Background
The present study is designed to identify the morphological description of the digestive tract in two species of different birds; these birds were Taeniopygia guttata (zebra finch) which is granivorous and Sturnus vulgaris (Starling) which is omnivorous.
Results
The results showed that the digestive canal of both birds was similar in the essential structure. It begins with the oropharyngeal cavity, which starts with the beak. The beak appeared different in the outer shape, which depends on the feeding. The mouth palate in both birds contains slit localized in the hard palate. This slit represents as beak nostril. The tongue appeared at the bottom of the oropharyngeal cavity. The esophagus appeared as a muscular tube containing the crop, which is divided into two parts the cervical part and the thoracic region, while the stomach was composed of two clear parts in both birds. The first one was a conical shape called proventriculus. The second was a spherical shape called the gizzard, and they are separated by a transitional zone called the isthmus, which was more apparent in the zebra finch, while the small intestine developed mostly in both birds. It is divided into three parts, which were the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as the large intestine, which appeared as tube shape, which is the rectum. There was a pair of caecum located in the contact area of the ileum and rectum. The digestive canal ends with the cloaca in both birds.
Conclusion
These results indicate that there are differences in the anatomical structure of the gastrointestinal tract organs between the two birds to be compatible with the quality and method of obtaining food.
The present study aims to investigate the anatomical, histometrical, and histochemical aspects of the stomach in two species of birds, Psittacula krameri (Ring-necked parakeet) and Elanus caeruleus (Black-shouldered kite). The stomach tissues in the two species were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for general histological study and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)-Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 for histochemical study. An automated analysis system was used for histometrical study. The stomach in two species of birds was divided into proventriculus and ventriculus (gizzard); in the parakeet, proventriculus appeared as fusiform shape and the isthmus separated the gizzard from proventriculus, while in the kite, the proventriculus was pear shape, and the isthmus was absent. In the parakeet, the gizzard was a spherical shape with a thick koilin layer, while the kite has pear shape gizzard with a thin koilin layer. The mucosa was possessed simple tubular glands which were larger and more in the kite; the submucosa was rich with compound tubular glands which were longer and wider in the kite. The histochemical results showed a positive reaction of epithelial cells and simple tubular glands with PAS-AB stains; the koilin and deep gastric glands showed a positive reaction with the PAS stain only.
The oesophagus is a muscular tube comprised of cervical and thoracic regions. Several studies have clarified the histological structure of the oesophagus. However, its histoarchitecture in relation to variable dietary habits of each species is still unclear. In the current study, 21 pigeons, cattle egrets and ducks, n = 7, each was used. Macroscopically, the oesophagus of cattle egrets either the cervical or thoracic parts was the longest among the pigeons and ducks. Histologically, the oesophagus comprised of four distinct tunicae: mucosa, propria submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa. A great structural variation in these layers among the three investigated species was recorded. In the cervical oesophagus of pigeons, the superficial squamous cells showed perinuclear halo zone, the propria submucosa was characteristically lacked any gland. Moreover, its musculosa was very thick. On the other hand, the intraepithelial glands were characteristically distributed along the whole length of the cattle egret’s oesophagus. Interestingly, the cervical esophagus of the ducks showed submucosal associated lymphatic tissue; diffuse and nodular Ultrastructurally, the oesophageal glands showed secretory granules of variable electron densities, electron‐lucent in the pigeons and ducks and electron‐dense in the cattle egrets.
