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Resumo A paisagem esta em constante transformacao, sendo que sua fragmentacao constitui risco a estabilidade de sua estrutura. Este estudo objetivou realizar uma analise espaco-temporal da paisagem na bacia hidrografica do rio Aguapei/MT, por meio de geotecnologias e das metricas da paisagem, entre os anos 1991 e 2011. Ao termino deste periodo, con...
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This study evaluated the landscape structure of a watershed located in a region considered strategic for the implementation of the Paraná River Biodiversity Corridor. Based on land-use/land-cover mapping, four different scenarios were generated: 1) real situation, 2) considering the edge effect, 3) without Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), and 4...
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... Com esses princípios em vista, a métrica distância euclidiana entre fragmentos deve ser evocada, uma vez que ela apresenta cartograficamente se há ou não condições de conexão das unidades de paisagens remanescentes em uma articulação biorregional, tem-se ciência das regiões que possuem fragmentos mais distantes, possibilitando assim, a interpretação das áreas prioritárias para planos de ação que visam mitigar os processos de degradação estrutural dos ecossistemas. De acordo com Neves et al., (2014), com a distância euclidiana têm-se as áreas com fragmentos mais conectados e as áreas com fragmentos com maior grau de isolamento. Costa, Gabriel Costa da; Ferreira, Letícia Moura; Guimarães, Erick Cristofore; Dias, Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva. ...
O objetivo do estudo em questão é elaborar cenários de conectividade entre as paisagens naturais remanescentes através de métricas de Ecologia de Paisagem, visando à indicação de corredores ecológicos regionais nos limites do bioma amazônico no Estado do Maranhão, a partir de técnicas do sensoriamento remoto em ferramentas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. A primeira etapa da pesquisa consiste na revisão bibliográfica, para o levantamento das bases teóricas da ecologia da paisagem. A segunda etapa consiste no processamento das métricas das formações florestais referentes ao mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra do MAPBIOMAS entre 1985 e 2020. A terceira etapa consiste nas análises e discussões dos resultados obtidos a partir dos cálculos das métricas. Constatou-se, os grandes desmembramentos florestais históricos detectados entre o Oeste e Norte do Maranhão, e a detecção de áreas prioritárias para planos de implantação de corredores ecológicos. Palavras-Chave: Manchas, Fragmentação, Métricas. GEOECOLOGÍA Y MÉTRICAS DEL PAISAJE AL SERVICIO DE LA PLANIFICACIÓN REGIONAL DE LA AMAZONÍA EN EL ESTADO DE MARANHÃO, NORESTE DE BRASIL RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar escenarios de conectividad entre los restantes paisajes naturales a través de métricas de Ecología del Paisaje, con el objetivo de indicar corredores ecológicos regionales dentro de los límites del bioma amazónico en el Estado de Maranhão, basados en técnicas de teledetección en herramientas de Información Geográfica. Sistemas. La primera etapa de la investigación consiste en una revisión bibliográfica, para relevar las bases teóricas de la ecología del paisaje. La segunda etapa consiste en procesar las métricas de formaciones forestales referentes al mapeo de uso y cobertura del suelo de MAPBIOMAS entre 1985 y 2020. La tercera etapa consiste en el análisis y discusión de dos resultados obtenidos de dos cálculos de las métricas. Se confirman los grandes desmembramientos forestales históricos detectados entre el Oeste y el Norte de Maranhão, y la detección de áreas prioritarias para la implementación de planes de corredores ecológicos.
... A alteração nos elementos das paisagens, especialmente a vegetação, gera diversos impactos ao ambiente, visto que a cobertura vegetal natural é o primeiro elemento ambiental a ser alterado, quando não suprimido por completo CANALE, 2014). A cobertura vegetal atua como barreira física, regulando os processos de troca entre os ecossistemas terrestres e aquáticos, contribuindo para que haja infiltração da água no solo e reduzindo expressivamente a contaminação dos cursos d'água (FERREIRA e DIAS, 2004). ...
The objective of this work is to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover and land useas well as the anthropic pressure on the environmental components of the Sepotuba River Basin, in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. The maps of vegetation cover and land use were generated from geoprocessing techniques, using images of Landsat 5 satellites, from the years 1988, 1998 and 2008, and Landsat 8, 2018. Anthropic pressure was quantified by applying the Anthropic Transformation Index (ITA). In the analysis period, there was a reduction of 70.14% in the classes of natural vegetation. The Savannahpark class was the most suppressed, with a loss of 873.70 km². The ITA showed that the environmental conservation status of the basin went from Little Degraded and Regular to Degraded and Regular.Under future projections of linear trend, by 2058 the state of environmental conservation can reach the levels of Degraded and Very Degraded. It was concluded that the Sepotuba Hydrographic River Basin underwent an intense process of anthropization for the development of agriculture, the main economic activitiesof the state, which caused a reduction of natural vegetation, being the main factor of worsening of the environmental conservation status of the basin.
... Natural vegetation cover is an important indicator of environmental conditions of a hydrographic basin, since it provides soil protection, favors water recharge, reduces the transport of sediments and the silting of water bodies, and serves as a habitat of wild animals (Neves et al., 2014;Karamage et al., 2016;Vanacker et al., 2019;Dou et al., 2020). In addition, they contribute to the balance of agroecosystems, as they harbor natural and pollinating enemies. ...
Since the industrial revolution and the production model that has since been used, there has been an intensification in the scarcity of natural resources in terms of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Therefore, studies aiming to understand human actions on these resources are essential for the maintenance and conservation of these assets for current and future generations. The objective here is to identify and analyze land use and land cover changes in the hydrographic basin of Verdinho River (Brazilian Cerrado) and its geographical context between 1986 and 2016 using geotechnological resources. We analyzed a significant replacement of pasture for agricultural areas, decreases in Cerrado vegetation, expansion of industrial areas, rural construction and water availability, and significant increases in areas with laminar erosion. The increase in exposed soil areas from 7.81 ha in 1986 to 262.35 ha in 2016 (3,259.15%) was due to a history of inadequate soil use and management. Anthropic actions have suppressed the natural vegetation and given rise to agricultural activities, which often provide the agroecosystem with favorable conditions for intensifying erosion processes. This study subsidizes the implementation of effective and efficient actions in this hydrographic basin considering the economic and social development aligned with environmental conservation and serves as a basis for other studies conducted at the site and in other regions.
... Diante desse contexto, Metzger (2006) discorre que, ainda que a proximidade entre os fragmentos seja um importante fator para os processos ecológicos, o processo de fragmentação e o valor crescente desse índice tendem a impactar de maneira mais negativa nos fragmentos mais isolados. Desse modo, estes devem ser avaliados quanto à sua importância no contexto ecológico para a manutenção ecossistêmica (NEVES et al., 2014). Segundo Forman (1995), a análise da forma dos fragmentos florestais, em relação à sua diversidade e sustentabilidade, é tão relevante quanto ao tamanho, tendo em vista que quanto mais irregulares são fragmentos, mais propensos são a apresentar maior efeito de borda, principalmente os de menor área, em função da maior interação com a matriz (CEMIN et al., 2009). ...
This work aims to analyze the state of fragmentation of the landscape of the municipality of Nova Marilândia - Mato Grosso, aiming at generating information that supports the proposition of planning strategies for the conservation and restoration of landscape functionality. Maps of vegetation cover and land uses were generated from images of Landsat 5 satellites, from 1998 and 2008, and Landsat 8, 2018. Georeferencing, clipping and classification processes were performed. The application of statistical calculations relating to the structure of the landscape was operationalized in the Fragstats programme. In the analysis period, there was high anthroporization in the landscape of the municipality, implying the reduction of the areas of the classes of Natural Forest Vegetation (10.49%) and Savannah Formation (20.95%), and a growth in Pasture areas (36.00%) Agriculture (103.74%), resulting in increased fragmentation of the municipal landscape. It was concluded that there was an increase in the complexity of the forms and distances between the fragments of native vegetation and the reduction of functional connectivity, caused by the expressive growth of the areas of Agriculture and Pasture, which constitute the the main economic bases of the municipality.
... Segundo Bertrand (1968), a paisagem é resultado da combinação dinâmica, portanto instável entre elementos físicos, biológicos e antrópicos em um determinado espaço. Dessa maneira, as modificações dos componentes da paisagem podem causar diversos impactos ao ambiente, ocasionando diretamente na redução do fluxo de processos naturais, comprometendo funções básicas dos ecossistemas (Neves et al., 2014). ...
The natural vulnerability portrays the predisposition of the environment against natural factors, such as geomorphology, geology, soils. While environmental vulnerability is any susceptibility to potential impact from anthropogenic use. The scope of this research is to determine the natural and environmental vulnerability in the Jauru River Basin, in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, in the perspective that the generated results contribute to the planning and environmental management. Identification of soil characteristics, geology, slope and vegetation coverage and land use were carried out. This last variable is generated through images of Landsat 8 of the cited basinin Geographic Information System. Thematic maps were combined to achieve natural and environmental vulnerability. Natural vulnerability was average at approximately 35% of the study area, low at 25%, high at 20%, very low at 15% and very high at 5%. The high values of natural vulnerability due to the presence of areas that still have natural vegetation or pastures, implying in the reduction of environmental vulnerability, cover them. It was found that 37% of the basin present very low-to-low environmental vulnerability. In the Jauru River Basin, the most sensitive environmental impacts are due to the inadequate use of the soil and the lack of conservation management measures, such as land use according to its suitability, in the most vulnerable areas.
... A reduction in natural vegetation cover has resulted in imbalances of the physical and biotic aspects of environments, which is a serious issue for the survival of numerous species in many ecosystems. Moreover, it jeopardizes the maintenance of the dynamic balance of landscapes and can also lead to a decrease in gene flow, reproductive isolation of species, and, consequently, a loss in genetic diversity (Neves et al., 2014;Dantas et al., 2017). Thus, increasing human interference is changing the structural and functional patterns of landscapes worldwide and has significantly impacted biodiversity (Sinha and Charma, 2006). ...
The aim of this study was to quantify the spatio-temporal changes in land use/ cover (LULC), as well as analyze landscape patterns over a 20-year period (1995-2015) in the Catolé watershed, northern Minas Gerais State, using landscape metrics. The LULC maps were obtained using Landsat 5 and 8 data (Processing level 1) through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood classifier. Seven thematic classes were identified: dense vegetation, sparse vegetation, riparian vegetation, cropland, planted forest, bare soil, and water. From the LULC maps, classes related to the natural landscape (dense, sparse, and riparian vegetation) were grouped into forest patches, which was then ordered by size: very small (< 5 ha); small (5-10 ha); medium (10-100 ha); large (100 ha); and a general class (no distinction of patch size). Then, metrics of area, size and density, edge, shape, proximity and core area were calculated. The dense vegetation portion of the study area decreased considerably within a given time, while the portion of cropland and bare soil increased. Overall, in the Catolé river basin, the total area of natural vegetation decreased by 3,273 hectares (4.62%). Landscape metrics analysis exhibited a reduction in the number of very small patches, although the study area was still considered as fragmented. Moreover, a maximum edge distance of 50 m is suggested for conducting studies involving core area metrics in the Catolé watershed, as values above this distance would eliminate the very small patches.
... Nessa perspectiva, a "modificação dos componentes da paisagem causa diversos impactos ao ambiente, pois a cobertura vegetal natural é o primeiro elemento a ser alterado, quando não suprimido por completo, constituindo um importante indicador das condições ambientais de uma região" (Neves et al., 2014). Sendo que essa redução ocasiona a fragmentação, cuja vegetação natural é interrompida por barreiras antrópicas as quais impactam diretamente na redução do fluxo de processos naturais, comprometendo funções básicas dos ecossistemas (Cemin et al., 2005). ...
The objective of this study to analyze the dynamics of vegetation cover and land use to identify changes in the landscape in the flood areas in the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT, aiming at the generation of subsidies for environmental conservation. In this study we used images from Landsat-5 satellite, of 2005, obtained on the site of the National Institute for Space Research and Landsat-8 of 2015, obtained on the site of the American Geological system, were applied digital image processing techniques in the SPRING and preparation of thematic maps in ArcGis. The results showed that the indexes of plant cover are bigger than the anthropic use, however these uses have suffered changes during the past ten years. It was concluded that the economic activities of rural nature contributed to occur changes in the land use and vegetation cover of the landscape units of flood areas and also increase the surface temperature of the Pantanal of Cáceres/MT, showing the decrease of the areas covered with Savanna and the increase in pasture areas.
The different land uses and plant phytophysiognomies have different surface temperatures. The objective of this work is to investigate the surface temperature variation in vegetation cover phytophysiognomies and land uses in the Córrego Piraputanga Watershed/MT, at the beginning and end of the dry season from 1990 to 2020. To obtain data on vegetation cover and land use in the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, images from the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were classified. To generate surface temperature data, the thermal infrared bands from images of the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, expressing soil radiance values in temperatures on the Celsius scale. The significance of the mean temperature difference between vegetation and land use classes was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test, tested at a significance level of 5%. The highest average surface temperature was recorded in the pastures, reaching 41.71ºC. In contrast, the Evergreen Alluvial Seasonal Forest with emergent canopy had an average surface temperature of 38.91ºC. Between 1990 and 2000, an increase in pastures was identified, including in Permanent Preservation Areas, which impacted the average surface temperature of the basin. These results corroborate that classes with greater vegetation cover have lower average surface temperatures than those with less vegetation. Therefore, it is essential that the anthropic activities carried out in the basin are guided by the public authorities, in order to promote the adoption of good land use practices.
The objective of this work was to investigate the degradation of
Permanent Preservation Areas to identify forest fragments priority
to recomposition in the municipality of Nova Marilândia-Mato
Grosso, aiming to contribute, from the data and information
generated, in the proposition of actions aimed at maintaining the
landscape for the gene flow of the biota. For the definition of the
categories of restoration priority, the Integral Connectivity Index
was applied in the degraded Permanent Preservation Areas, with
its IICflux (measurer of gene/environmental flow possibility) and
IICconnector (measurer of node importance as the only connection
among other fragments), derived from Graph Theory. In the
municipality, the most expressive class is pasture (744.22 km²),
surpassing the areas of Forest Natural Vegetation (687.23 km²),
Savannah Formation (311.46 km²), Agriculture (157.68 km²) and
Anthropic Uses (4.21 km²). Despite this scenario identified in the
context of the municipality, the Permanent Preservation Areas are
mostly preserved, and 1,706 fragments to be restored are
identified; of these, 1,594 with low priority level, 102 with medium
and 10 with high. Therefore, simple management measures such as
isolation of degraded Permanent Preservation Areas, favoring
fragments of high and medium priority of restoration, can provide
opportunities for natural forest regeneration, restoring the
function of genetic displacement of the local biota in the landscape
without the need for high financial investments.
O modelo de produção, principalmente a partir da revolução industrial, muitas vezes sem considerar a conservação dos recursos naturais para atender à demanda de uma população mundial crescente, tem causado desequilíbrios ecológicos (perda da biodiversidade, impactos negativos nos solos e recursos hídricos, entre outros). Assim, objetivou-se entender as mudanças do uso e cobertura da terra na bacia do ribeirão da Laje, de 1987 a 2017. Esse recurso é importante para diversos usos múltiplos na microrregião Sudoeste de Goiás, sendo uma das principais fontes de água para o abastecimento público da população de Rio Verde (GO). Com o uso de geotecnologias, foram gerados os produtos cartográficos e obtidos dados quantitativos, estes analisados utilizando a técnica de matriz de transição. Foram observados, principalmente: substituição significativa de pastagem por área de agricultura; diminuição da vegetação de Cerrado; expansão da área urbana, industrial, de construção rural e represas; e extensas áreas com erosão laminar e em sulco, principalmente associadas à pastagem degradada. Esses dados indicam a necessidade de políticas públicas comprometidas com o desenvolvimento econômico condizente com a sustentabilidade ambiental. Esse trabalho irá subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão ambiental dessa bacia hidrográfica e servirá de base para outros estudos.
