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a-f. Meriania glazioviana Cogn.-a. ramo florífero; b. Ramo: detalhe do indumento; c. tricoma; d. folha, evidenciando a margem denticulada; e. velatídio; f. sementes (Capanema s.n. RB 5191). g-k. Meriania longipes Trianag. ramo florífero; h. flor; i. estame ante-sépalo; j. estame antepétalo; k. sementes (Hoehne & Gehrt s.n. SP 17359).
Source publication
The taxonomic study of the genus Meriania in the flora of Rio de Janeiro state is presented. An identification key, morphological descriptions, affinities, geographical distribution and illustrations are presented, as well as new synonymous. The eight species occur in altitudinal Atlantic forest: M. claussenii, M. excelsa, M. glabra, M. glazioviana...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... com filetes 7- 9 mm, anteras 6-9 mm, porção ascendente do apêndice 2,5-3 mm, bilobada, antepétalos com filetes 8-10 mm, anteras 4-5 mm, porção ascendente do apêndice 2-2,5 mm, ligulada, ambos porção basal do apêndice calcarada; ovário 2-3,5 × 2-3 mm, 2/3-livres, estilete 7- 10 mm. Velatídios 5-7 × 4-7 mm, sementes ca. 0,5 mm, testa rugosa. Fig. 4a-f Arvoretas a árvores 3-12 m alt.; indumento dos ramos, pecíolos, inflorescências, face abaxial das folhas, brácteas e profilos também tomentoso, tricomas dendrítico- papilosos. Folhas com pecíolo 0,5-1,5 cm; lâmina 8,5-16 × 2,5-5,5 cm, membranácea, elíptica ou oblonga a ovada, base aguda a atenuada, ápice agudo-acuminado, margem ...
Context 2
... estas que muito a aproximam de M. longipes. Entretanto, esta se distingue, principalmente, pelas folhas cartáceas, com base arredondada e margem inteira a sinuosa. O indumento se destaca pela coloração creme, com tricomas de textura aparentemente esponjosa, aspecto espesso e translúcido, além de apresentar diminutas projeções papilosas. Fig. 4g-k Árvores ca. 12 m alt.; indumento dos ramos, pecíolos, inflorescências, face abaxial das folhas, brácteas, profilos, hipanto e cálice também tomentoso, tricomas dendrítico- papilosos. Folhas com pecíolo 2-2,5 cm; lâmina 12-17 × 8-10 cm, cartácea, ovada, base arredondada, ápice agudo, margem sinuosa; 5- 7 nervuras acródromas, 1-7 mm ...
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Citations
... Meriania Sw. (Swartz, 1798) es un género neotropical de árboles y arbustos (rara vez lianas arbustivas), con aproximadamente 120 especies distribuidas desde el sur de México hasta Brasil, Bolivia y las Antillas y desde el nivel del mar hasta 3500 m de altitud (Wurdack, 1973;Chiavegatto y Baumgratz, 2008;Mendoza-Cifuentes y Fernández-Alonso, 2012;Mendoza-Cifuentes, 2021. Colombia es el país con la mayor diversidad de este género, con 37 especies, seguido de Perú (36), Ecuador (28), Brasil (14) y Venezuela (12) (Mendoza-Cifuentes, 2021;Fernandez-Hilario et al., 2022, 2023. ...
... Colombia es el país con la mayor diversidad de este género, con 37 especies, seguido de Perú (36), Ecuador (28), Brasil (14) y Venezuela (12) (Mendoza-Cifuentes, 2021;Fernandez-Hilario et al., 2022, 2023. Triana (1871) y Cogniaux (1891) realizaron estudios que incluyen todas las especies de Meriania que se conocían hasta ese momento (28 y 39 especies, respectivamente), pero actualmente solo se han abordado estudios regionales en tratamientos florísticos como la flora de Mesoamérica (Almeda, 2009), Costa Rica (Almeda, 2007, las Guayanas (Wurdack et al., 1993), la Guayana Venezolana (Berry et al., 2001), Brasil (Chiavegatto y Baumgratz, 2008;Goldenberg, 2009;Fagundes y Santos, 2016), Ecuador (Wurdack, 1980), Perú (Macbride, 1941;Fernandez-Hilario et al., 2023), Venezuela (Wurdack, 1973), las Antillas Mayores (Michelangeli et al., 2015) y Colombia (Mendoza-Cifuentes, 2021). ...
Antecedentes y Objetivos:
Meriania es un género neotropical de árboles y arbustos, con aproximadamente 120 especies distribuidas desde el sur de México hasta Brasil, Bolivia y las Antillas. En Colombia, asociado a las cordilleras Occidental y Central, se encuentra un complejo de especies de Meriania con caracteres únicos que permite diferenciarlo de otros grupos andinos; aquí se denomina complejo Selvaflorensis. El objetivo de este artículo es describir una nueva especie de Meriania asociada a este, además de documentar las especies de este grupo y sus distribuciones.
Métodos:
Basados en una recolección reciente, la revisión de ejemplares depositados en herbarios de Colombia, imágenes de ejemplares en JSTOR Global Plants y la consulta de bibliografía del género en Colombia, se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Meriania y se categoriza siguiendo los criterios de la IUCN. Se establece el complejo Selvaflorensis dentro del género, se discuten sus relaciones, se documentan sus rasgos distintivos, y se presentan una sinopsis de las especies, una clave de identificación y un cuadro de caracteres para su reconocimiento.
Resultados clave:
Meriania alexandrae sp. nov. se reconoce por el hábito arbustivo, hojas subpeltadas con tricomas glandulares, flores con caliptras apiculadas y circuncísiles, los estambres dimorfos y semillas filiformes. Es endémica de Colombia y se sugiere su categoría de amenaza En Peligro (EN). Junto con otras cuatro especies, constituye el nuevo complejo aquí llamado Selvaflorensis que se caracteriza por la presencia de tricomas glandulares en hojas, flores caliptradas y semillas filiformes. Este complejo es restricto a la región biogeográfica llamada Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Adicionalmente, dos paratipos antes asociados a Meriania silverstonei se resignan a esta nueva especie.
Conclusiones:
El complejo Selvaflorensis es un grupo natural dentro de Meriania restricto al norte de los Andes, conformado hasta el momento por cinco especies, y no está cercanamente emparentado con el grupo Brachycera.
... Nevertheless, the appendages in Merianthera are unique in the ascending portion with a bilobed apical expansion with backwardcurved lobes in the antepetalous stamens (Goldenberg et al. 2012). The ascending appendages in Adelobotrys are either entire or bifid (Mendoza-Cifuentes and Fernández-Alonso 2010), whereas in Meriania they may be bilobed but with rounded, straight lobes (Chiavegatto and Baumgratz 2008). ...
Pyramieae contains 68 species belonging to three genera: Cambessedesia, Huberia, and Merianthera. We review the systematics and evolution of Pyramieae, including the history of tribal placement of the genera, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy with emphasis on morphological characters that define the tribe and its genera, and general ecology and evolution. The Brazilian members of Pyramieae are mostly microendemic to the eastern mountains of Brazil, predominantly found in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. Cambessedesia has 25 species that occur almost entirely in the Brazilian campos rupestres. Huberia has 37 species, most of which are endemic to campos de altitude of the Atlantic Forest, with four of them endemic to the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. Merianthera comprises seven species largely endemic to granitic/gneissic inselbergs on rocky outcrops in the Atlantic Forest and two species to campos rupestres.
... We selected ten very small-seeded species with occurrence restricted to only one of the three microhabitats evaluated (Table 1), according to our personal observations in the study area and previous studies (Brade 1959;Baumgratz et al. 2006;Lima et al. 2006;Ferreira et al. 2007;Chiavegatto & Baumgratz 2008). Seeds were collected from mature fruits of two to 12 different individuals, depending on the species. ...
The coexistence of plant species in tropical rainforests is related to specific abiotic resources, varying according to the occurrence microhabitat of each species. Light quality is the main abiotic factor influencing the germination of small seeds, however studies often do not discriminate its effect from light irradiance. This study compared specific requirements for seed germination of ten small-seeded species, with restricted occurrence in only one of three contrasting microhabitats: forest understory, edge of clearings and open area.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to test temperature regimes (constant and fluctuating), light quality (ratio of red to far-red wavelengths – R:FR) and light irradiance (photosynthetically active radiation – PAR), reproducing high and low conditions commonly found at the microhabitats.
Seed germination of all species occurred between 20°C and 30°C, only the seeds of open area species were able to germinate at 35°C and no species needed alternating temperature to germinate. Irrespective of species and microhabitat, a decrease in the R:FR reduced the germination percentage; however, differences were observed considering the capacity to germinate at low R:FR. The values of R:FR50% were greater for the open area and edge species (from 0.441 to 0.345) than for the understory species (from 0.181 to 0.109), with few exceptions. For all species and most of the tests, germination was not influenced by PAR.
Light quality is the most important light signal for germination of small seeds; irradiance has little effect. Our results allow us to glimpse the existence of two distinct patterns of germination for small-seeded species: open area and edge species are light-demanding and require high R:FR to germinate, while understory species are shade-tolerant and germinate at low R:FR. These differences are responsible for the distinct microhabitat occurrence and help to explain the coexistence of species in tropical forests.
... Nevertheless, the appendages in Merianthera are unique due to the ascending portion with a bilobed apical expansion with backward-curved lobes in the antepetalous stamens (Goldenberg et al., 2012). The ascending appendages in Adelobotrys are either entire or bifid (Mendoza-Cifuentes & Fernández-Alonso, 2010), while in Meriania they may be bilobed, but with rounded, straight lobes (Chiavegatto & Baumgratz, 2008). The anthers of Merianthera have been regarded as 'not-geniculate', i.e. straightening up after anthesis (Mendoza-Cifuentes & Fernández-Alonso, 2010), but this does not seem to be the case in Merianthera because its anthers remain inflexed after anthesis (Goldenberg et al., 2012). ...
Systematic studies based on DNA sequences have shown that some traditional tribal delimitations in Melastomataceae remain unresolved, such as the ‘Merianthera and allies’ clade, an informal group which has not been formally assigned to a tribe. This clade includes Behuria, Cambessedesia, Dolichoura, Huberia and Merianthera and occurs mainly at high elevations in the Atlantic Forest and cerrado biomes of Brazil. Behuria, Dolichoura, Huberia and Merianthera were tradionally placed in Merianieae based on overall similar morphology. The assignment of Cambessedesia to Microlicieae has been challenged and its tribal placement needs re-evaluation. To infer the monophyly of the genera and revise generic limits we analysed DNA markers of three plastid (atpF-atpH, psbK-psbL and trnS-trnG), two ribosomal (nrETS and nrITS) and a segment of a low-copy nuclear gene (waxy), using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We also selected 12 morphological characters to reconstruct an ancestral character estimation analysis. Our results recovered Cambessedesia and Merianthera as monophyletic lineages together with monophyletic Huberia and Dolichoura nested in a paraphyletic Behuria. We propose and describe for the first time the tribe Cambessedesieae based on molecular, morphological and geographical data. As recognized here, Cambessedesieae consist of Cambessedesia, Merianthera and an expanded Huberia (including Behuria and Dolichoura).
... Nevertheless, the appendages in Merianthera are unique due to the ascending portion with a bilobed apical expansion with backward-curved lobes in the antepetalous stamens (Goldenberg et al., 2012). The ascending appendages in Adelobotrys are either entire or bifid (Mendoza-Cifuentes & Fernández-Alonso, 2010), while in Meriania they may be bilobed, but with rounded, straight lobes (Chiavegatto & Baumgratz, 2008). The anthers of Merianthera have been regarded as 'not-geniculate', i.e. straightening up after anthesis (Mendoza-Cifuentes & Fernández-Alonso, 2010), but this does not seem to be the case in Merianthera because its anthers remain inflexed after anthesis (Goldenberg et al., 2012). ...
Systematic studies based on DNA sequences have shown that some traditional tribal delimitations in Melastomataceae remain unresolved, such as the 'Merianthera and allies' clade, an informal group which has not been formally assigned to a tribe. This clade includes Behuria, Cambessedesia, Dolichoura, Huberia and Merianthera and occurs mainly at high elevations in the Atlantic Forest and cerrado biomes of Brazil. Behuria, Dolichoura, Huberia and Merianthera were tradionally placed in Merianieae based on overall similar morphology. The assignment of Cambessedesia to Microlicieae has been challenged and its tribal placement needs re-evaluation. To infer the monophyly of the genera and revise generic limits we analysed DNA markers of three plastid (atpF-atpH, psbK-psbL and trnS-trnG), two ribosomal (nrETS and nrITS) and a segment of a low-copy nuclear gene (waxy), using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We also selected 12 morphological characters to reconstruct an ancestral character estimation analysis. Our results recovered Cambessedesia and Merianthera as monophyletic lineages together with monophyletic Huberia and Dolichoura nested in a paraphyletic Behuria. We propose and describe for the first time the tribe Cambessedesieae based on molecular, morphological and geographical data. As recognized here, Cambessedesieae consist of Cambessedesia, Merianthera and an expanded Huberia (including Behuria and Dolichoura).
... Remarks. Among the Eastern Brazilian species of Meriania, the indument and anther morphology of M. inflata are very similar to those of M. tetramera (Chiavegatto, 2009;Chiavegatto & Baumgratz, 2008;Chiavegatto & Baumgratz, 2015). This anther morphology with paired sacs at the base of the thecae is not known in any other species in the genus apart from M. inflata and M. tetramera. ...
Three new species of Angiosperms have been found in four short collection trips to the same protected reserve—“Estação Ecológica Estadual de Wenceslau Guimarães”—and neighboring areas in the Atlantic Forest in the south of the Brazilian state of Bahia. These new species belong to three genera from three distinct lineages in the family Melastomataceae:
Huberia
,
Meriania
and
Physeterostemon
. The description of these species represent a good example of a Linnean shortfall, i.e., the absence of basic knowledge about the biodiversity in the area, as well as in tropical forests as a whole. The description of these probably endemic species per se is a signal that this area deserves more attention regarding research and policies, but its consequences go farther: this area has a relevant role as a phylogenetic (both genetic and morphological) stock, and thus is also valuable as a phylogenetic conservation priority.
... Meriania glabra é endêmica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Chiavegatto 2012) e ameaçada de extinção, segundo Chiavegatto & Baumgratz (2008). No PEPB é diferenciada das demais Melastomataceae pela morfologia do estame com apêndice ascendente dorsal no conectivo, sendo a única espécie pertencente à tribo Merianieae. ...
Melastomataceae family comprises 67 genera and 1,321 species in Brazil, and it can be found in all Brazilian States. There are 28 genera and 338 species in Rio de Janeiro State. This study presents 26 species of Melastomataceae found on rain forests at the Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca at Rio de Janeiro municipality. Miconia is the richest genus with eight species (M. brasiliensis, M. calvescens, M. cinnamomifolia, M. latecrenata, M. mirabilis, M. prasina, M. staminea and M. tristis), followed by Tibouchina with five species (T. corymbosa, T. estrellensis, T. gaudichaudiana, T. granulosa and T. heteromalla), Leandra with four species (L. hirta, L. melastomoides, L. reversa and L. variabilis), Ossaea with three species (O. amygdaloides, O.confertiflora and O. marginata), Clidemia with two species (Clidemia capitellata and Clidemia hirta) and Meriania, Mouriri, Pleiochiton and Rhynchanthera (M. glabra, M. arborea, P. blepharodes and R. dichotoma) with one species each. Identification keys, descriptions, geographic distribution data, comments and illustrations are presented.
... Meriania is represented by 14 species in Brazil, most of which are restricted to the northern and southeastern regions of that country in high mountain areas. These species form a coherent group, and all of them have anthers with a dorsal appendage that is elongated upwards (Chiavegatto & Baumgratz 2008). Of the seven taxa studied in the present work, only M. urceolata occurs in Amazon Forest, while all of the other species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome. ...
... Recent taxonomic studies of Meriania from Brazil undertaken by Chiavegatto & Baumgratz (2008), as well as a revision of the genus being prepared by the same authors, have identified taxonomic and nomenclatural gaps in several taxa of this genus. In an attempt to solve these nomenclatural problems several names have been typified and a new synonym has been recognised. ...
... Other morphological characteristics also support this new synonymy, such as leaves with sinuous margins and five acrodromous suprabasal veins, a similar-shaped foliar base, the presence of domatia, floral parts of the same size, a truncate unilobate calyx with aestivation inconspicuously valvar and laciniae reduced to a sinuous sheet. Additionally, based on collections of M. paniculata from São Paulo State, the geographical distribution of this species is larger than previously thought, as Chiavegatto & Baumgratz (2008) indicated that it was endemic to Rio de Janeiro State. ...
Summary Taxonomic studies of Brazilian Meriania species (Merianieae – Melastomataceae) have identified taxonomic and nomenclatural gaps. The present work proposes one new
synonym, M. sanchezii, for M. paniculata; one new neotypification of M. glabra; and five lectotypifications for M. calophylla, M. glabra var. parviflora (= M. glabra), M. paniculata, M. pergamentacea (= M. robusta), and M. urceolata.
Melastomataceae species successfully colonize, and in many cases dominate, ecosystems ranging from forest to open vegetation, from sea level to mountain summits, and isolated islands. This wide distribution is likely related to species dispersal ability. The dispersal mechanisms are diverse, with various fruit types. Dry and fleshy fruits evolved several times during the radiation of melastomes, and these shifts were accompanied by transitions between forests and grasslands. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the dispersal ecology of Neotropical Melastomataceae. First, we revisit the biology of dry-fruited species and their main dispersal mechanisms. Second, we explore the dispersal ecology of berries, which are keystone resources for a wide diversity of animals. We discuss the traits that contribute to their widespread consumption, provide an assessment of the consumer assemblage, and link frugivory to seed dispersal by evaluating the animal effects on germination outcomes. We argue that Melastomataceae species are excellent models to advance our knowledge of seed dispersal ecology.
This study aimed to describe the origin, position, development and typology of inflorescences in Miconieae through ontogenetic and morphological analyses using light microscopy. We observed three morphological character states: terminal, pseudo-axillary and axillary; and two ontogenetic states: terminal and axillary. The terminal and pseudoaxillary inflorescences originate from terminal reproductive meristems. Pseudoaxillary inflorescences result from unequal development of vegetative meristems which flank the terminal flowering unit, whereas in terminal inflorescences, both vegetative meristems develop equally. In axillary inflorescences, the terminal reproductive meristem is not involved, while axillary inflorescences originate from reproductive axillary meristems. The inflorescences range from heterocladic and thyrsoid to simpler types, such as botryoid and triad. Such characteristics can also be seen in paracladia, particularly those most distal. The terminal inflorescence is observed in all clades of Miconieae, and pseudoaxillary and axillary inflorescences should be apomorphic states in the tribe and derived from the terminal condition.
