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Agua absorbida por semillas de D. barbatus L. cv. 'Purple' sometidas a diferentes tratamientos pregerminativos.
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Los claveles son de las flores más apetecidas por sus excelentes características de duración y belleza. Sin embargo, la especie Dianthus barbatus L. cv. ‘Purple’, presenta problemas en la germinación de sus semillas, lo que conlleva incremento de los costos de producción. Por lo anterior el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar diferentes tratam...
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... Según estos resultados, la falta de evidencia estadística para respaldar la influencia de las especies B. Wieldemanii y B. Albus en la germinación de semillas es notable en los tratamientos estudiados; siendo así que, González et al. (2018) expresan que la nula significancia estadística entre los tratamientos analizados implica que no existen diferencias marcadas en la germinación de las semillas; no obstante, otros estudios han demostrado que algunas especies de Bacillus, incluidas cepas de B. albus, tienen efectos positivos en el crecimiento de las plantas al promover la germinación de semillas y mejorar la salud de las plántulas. ...
En esta investigación se evaluó la incidencia del género Bacillus en la calidad del compost de hojarasca. Para tal efecto, se caracterizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas del material experimental, se seleccionó la materia orgánica y se reactivaron las bacterias. Se emplearon cuatro tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones cada uno. Se efectuaron análisis de madurez del compost mediante la determinación de la humedad; asimismo, se aplicó la prueba de fitotoxicidad a semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) consideradas para el estudio. Los resultados muestran que, la relación entre los parámetros analizados (temperatura, humedad, pH, conductividad eléctrica y porcentaje de germinación) y los tratamientos, presentan una interacción importante entre la calidad del compost; además, el porcentaje de germinación, tiempo de germinación y longitud de la raíz, evidencian que las bacterias utilizadas en la investigación no tuvieron mayor impacto en el desarrollo de estas variables, ya que ninguno de los factores o interacciones tuvo un efecto estadístico significativo. Se concluye que, las bacterias juegan un rol esencial en el proceso de maduración del compost, descomponiendo la materia orgánica en nutrientes más simples y estables para la formación de humus, componente clave para la fertilidad del suelo y el desarrollo de las plantas.
... The low germination of this species may be related to physiological aspects such as dormancy, a condition that prevents the germination of viable seeds, even if they are in ideal conditions to do so (moisture, temperature and oxygen concentration) (GONZÁLEZ-AMAYA et al., 2018). For some species, procedures have been used that help to reduce this physiological condition, making germination faster and more uniform; among these are the application of hydrothermal treatments (hot water), mechanical scarification, chemical scarification (sulfuric acid, nitric acid), and germination stimulators (gibberellic acid) at different concentrations and times (FLORES et al., 2020;MERINO-VALDÉS et al., 2018). ...
Physiological dormancy of Vitis vinifera seeds jeopardises breeding programs and biodiversity evolution. To increase the knowledge on dormancy breaking, seeds of white and black Sardinian grape cultivars (cvs) were exposed to different pre-germination treatments. To shed light on the physiological and structural factors involved in seed dormancy, the contents of oil, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, 3-indolacetic acid, condensed tannins, and total polyphenols were determined. In addition, sectioned seeds were observed by SEM to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics. Dormancy break in white, but not in black grape seeds, occurred under almost all imposed pre-germination treatments. Among red cvs, only seeds from ‘Cagnulari’ germinated when kept at 25 °C. Chilling seeds of the white cvs ‘Malvasia sarda’ and ‘Vernaccia di Oristano’ for 30 d resulted in the most effective treatment. Compared to white cvs, seeds of red ones owned 7 times higher levels of abscisic acid however, gibberellic acid content resulted 4 times less. Concerning the coat characteristics, red cv seeds had a thicker cuticle (6-10 µm) than white (4-6 µm) ones, however the most significant diversities were found for the inner integument, where in addition to size variances, palisade cell wall were structurally different.
Key words
Hormones; Seed coat; Thermal treatments
... The low germination of this species may be related to physiological aspects such as dormancy, a condition that prevents the germination of viable seeds, even if they are in ideal conditions to do so (moisture, temperature and oxygen concentration) (GONZÁLEZ-AMAYA et al., 2018). For some species, procedures have been used that help to reduce this physiological condition, making germination faster and more uniform; among these are the application of hydrothermal treatments (hot water), mechanical scarification, chemical scarification (sulfuric acid, nitric acid), and germination stimulators (gibberellic acid) at different concentrations and times (FLORES et al., 2020;MERINO-VALDÉS et al., 2018). ...
Kidneywood (E. polystachya) is a medicinal plant used for urinary and digestive system infections and inflammations in humans and animals. In addition, kidneywood is used as fodder and its wood is employed in rural housing construction. Populations of this plant have been reduced by the extraction that occurs in its natural habitat; in addition, the germination of its seeds is slow. To improve its germination, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of E. polystachya. Seven pre-germination treatments and a control were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates per treatment and 25 seeds per replicate. The results indicated that all treatments applied to the seeds produced higher germination percentages (100 to 182%) and greater seedling growth (14,6 to 59,8% more in height) than the control, with the exception of soaking in water. The pretreatment that generated the best response was the application of AG3 at 600 ppm for 30 min, with 96% germination, 19,4 cm height, 3,9 mm stem diameter, 20 cm root length, 21 leaves per plant and 375 mg dry matter per seedling. Mechanical scarification generated 86% germination, 16,1 cm height, 2,9 mm stem diameter, 18 cm long roots, 12,5 leaves, and 354 mg dry matter, added to which it initiated emergence in less time (3,7 d), also making it a good and less costly option.
Key words
Germination; Seed treatment; Scarification; AG3.
... En la dinámica de la tasa de imbibición obtenida para cada tratamiento, se pudo apreciar claramente el patrón trifásico referido para dicho proceso, el cual refleja en términos generales la relación proporcional existente entre la tasa de imbibición y el tiempo de inmersión de las semillas (González et al., 2018). ...
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Carnation crop in Colombia is one of the main income generating activities in Colombian floriculture. However, the growth dynamics and its relationship with thermal time are unknown. For this reason, the objective of this research was to determine the growth and development of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. ‘Moon Light’ in thermal time when grown in a greenhouse in Bogotá savanna. This research was developed based on the phenological stages and accumulation of Growing Degree Days (GDD). Fresh and dry weight accumulation is fitted to a logistic model that generated a sigmoid type curve. The carnation flower cv. 'Moon light' presented a constant accumulation of dry weight from 15.3 GDD (stage 0 rice) to 777.6 GDD (cut point). The Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) increased slowly during phase I. It presents a rapid and constant gain until reaching the cut-off point with a value of 0.035 g per GDC and an accumulation of 777.6 GDC. The Relative Growth Rate (RGR) presented a continuous decrease with an initial value of 0.0049 g g-1 per GDD in the bullet stage and a value of 0.0024 g g-1 per GDD at the cut-off point. Through the results obtained, the floriculture sector will have a technical tool within the productive projection of the carnation variety 'Moon Light' grown in a greenhouse.
... Adequate establishment of the time for the soaking of seeds in salt solutions is extremely important to obtain success in the initial stand of seedlings, thus improving the establishment of the crop in the field. This has been done in studies for different species, such as Nicotiana tabacum (Caldeira et al., 2014;Lopes et al., 2019), pepper (Garruña-Hernández et al., 2014;Andrade and Laurentin, 2015;Ermis et al., 2016;Alcalá-Rico et al., 2019), Dianthus barbatus L. (González-Amaya et al., 2018), and canola (Shirazi et al., 2019). ...
Salinity is one of the striking problems in agricultural production in many parts of the world. Seed germination and seedling growth are two critical stages for the establishment of crops generally most sensitive to salt stress. The present study aimed at evaluating the germination and initial growth of pepper seedlings produced from seeds under different soaking times in NaCl solutions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 4 × 5 factorial scheme using two pepper species (Capsicum chinense Jacq. and Capsicum frutescens L.), four levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of solutions (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and five times of seed soaking in the solutions (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h), with three replications. The traits evaluated were the number of germinated seedlings, percentage of germination, seedling height, and root length. The results showed that C. frutescens pepper was more tolerant to different times of soaking in saline solutions prepared with NaCl compared to C. chinense. Thus, the results suggest that depending on the pepper species, it is recommended to use seeds primed in saline solutions with salinity levels compatible with those under field conditions (in saline soils and/or irrigation with saline waters).
... PG= NSR/NSG*100 (4) Donde: NSR: número de semillas con emergencia de radícula NSG: número de semillas colocadas a germinar ◆ Velocidad media de germinación: para su cálculo se realizó el conteo diario de semillas germinadas a partir del día cinco y se usó la ecuación propuesta por [26]: ...
Los bancos de semillas son instrumentos de conservación del germoplasma que aseguran la diversidad genética, promueven la sostenibilidad ambiental y garantizan el derecho a la seguridad, la soberanía y la autonomía alimentaria en las comunidades. Uno de los procedimientos para evaluar la condición de los recursos genéticos está en las pruebas de calidad. Por esta razón, el objetivo del artículo fue evaluar la calidad fitosanitaria, física y fisiológica de las semillas nativas de fríjol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variedad Palicero, disponibles en el inventario del banco de semillas de la Universidad Libre, cuya procedencia es del municipio de Consacá, Nariño, como estrategia de investigación y conservación del germoplasma. La evaluación de la calidad implicó las siguientes pruebas: sanidad, contenido de humedad, pureza, viabilidad, vigor y germinación, para obtener como resultado una incidencia media de patógenos del 1,23 % en la calidad fitosanitaria; en la calidad física, el 99,98 % de pureza, y el 5,01 % de humedad. Respecto a la calidad fisiológica se evidenció una viabilidad entre el 81 y el 85 % y la reducción del 10 % del potencial germinativo, lo que en general representa una condición favorable para su conservación, pese a que transcurrieron nueve meses entre la colecta y la evaluación.
The seed germination tests of long-term (1978- and 1979-year harvest) storage seeds of Dianthus plumarius were carried out. The seeds were stored in a cold chamber (0-5 °C) for 43- and 44-year period, respectively, in the hermetically sealed glass containers. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions, on filter-paper, in three consequent stages: initial screening (Sept/Oct. 2022, sample 1978); 6 seed samples of 100 seeds each: 3 samples from 1978 and 3 samples from 1979 year (Oct/Nov. 2022) and 12 x 100 seeds with the highest germination taken from the previous experimental batch (Nov/Dec.2022). The temperature and air humidity were monitored daily by an Electronic Temperature station. The results from trials Oct./Nov.2022 showed that the highest germination energy (GE) was found in the seed sample from 1978 (65%) while the GE varied between 42 and 46% in the samples of the 1979’ harvest. The maximum percentage of germination, in almost all experimental samples, was achieved on the 14th day and until the end of the experiment remained unchanged. The highest percentage of germination was found in sample from 1978 year - 82%. A statistically significant difference was observed between samples from 1978 and the two samples from 1979 (p≤0.05, ANOVA). The germination process took place at relatively low temperatures and at a relatively small day-night amplitude. The two consecutive experiments confirmed the fact that the seed samples from 1978 year showed a higher germination energy, which could be explained by a higher water content in the seeds which were initially placed in cold storage and were preserved during the storage conditions for the specified long-term period. The high germination rates observed in the present experiment encourages further investigations.
In the research, pre-germination treatments applied to Euterpe precatoria Mart. seeds were evaluated, with the aim of observing their germination capacity, reducing the average germination time, making germination uniform and increasing the germination value. Eight pre-germination treatments are used: immersion in water at room temperature for 24, 72 and 120 hours; immersion in boiling water for 30, 60 and 90 seconds; scarification with sandpaper and scarification with sandpaper and immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours at 20% of the cover, as well as one without any treatment. The experimental design was factorial, completely randomized, with four replicates per treatment and 25 seeds per replicate. Analysis of variance ANOVA with Duncan's test was applied to establish differences between treatments. The results showed significant differences value (P <0.05) between the pre-germination treatments and the control, with the exception of immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours. The treatments with the highest percentage of germination were with water at room temperature, where 88, 76, and 62 % germinated respectively, followed by the scarified ones with 44 and 35 %, and the control with 30 % and the treatments with boiling water did not generate any germination. The treatment at room temperature for 72 hours, was the one that showed the best values of average germination time, greater germination uniformity and higher germination value, so it is the best to be applied to improve the germination capacity of E. precatoria Mart seeds.
