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The Orinoco Delta is often considered to be a pristine landscape endowed
with an unchanged natural and human geography. However, dramatic transformations
to the Delta’s ecology and to the density of its human population
have occurred in the last century. Ethnographic descriptions of Warao way
of life often include erroneous conceptions linked to th...
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The Mekong Delta is sinking and shrinking. This is because of the absolute sea-level rise, and because of the subsidence of the land. The absolute sea-level rise originates from the thermal expansion of the ocean waters and the melting of ice on land, plus other factors including changes in winds and ocean circulation patterns. The subsidence origi...
Citations
... Os Warao são um grupo étnico formado na atualidade por quase 50 mil pessoas, constituído historicamente na região do Delta do rio Orinoco (GASSÓN e HEINEN, 2012), o que atualmente corresponde ao nordeste da Venezuela, mais especificamente ao estado Delta Amacuro e às suas adjacências com os estados Sucre e Bolívar. Sem contar com homogeneidades étnicas, alguns elementos, porém, caracterizam as comunidades Warao. ...
A partir dos trabalhos etnográficos colaborativos efetuados na Cidade de Manaus/AM em diversos períodos de 2019 e2020, o presente artigo discorre sobre as dinâmicas de reprodução social das mulheres do grupo étnico Warao residente na capital amazonense, com o objetivo de caracterizar tais dinâmicas socioeconômicas o trabalho as conceitualiza como formas de reprodução social coletiva e não somente como praticas econômicas, afirmando assim que as estratégias de sobrevivência dos grupos Warao no Brasil tem como núcleo estruturante as mulheres da etnia, o que não implica necessariamente uma simetria de gênero no controle do trabalho e dos seus recursos e produtos. Finalmente o trabalho propõe algumas perguntas para pesquisas futuras junto à população Warao.
... Nevertheless, it is the homeland of the indigenous culture called Warao, with a total population of 21,125 people in the 1992-year census, and around 48,770 people in 2011, (Huber, 1995a;INE, 2015). This important indigenous group is skilled in fishing, hunting, and gathering and has an independent linguistic affiliation (Heinen, 1988), and heterogeneous origin (Gass on and Heinen, 2012;Heinen and García-Castro, 2013). They live dispersed in an intricate labyrinth of river channels and creeks of the Orinoco Delta, where they have developed a specialised lifestyle adapted to the frequently inundated and swampy environment (Wilbert and Mandazen Soto, 1997). ...
Abstract
Coastal wetlands have been proposed as highly threatened by the ongoing and future climatic change, including projected sea-level changes as an additional forcing factor compared to more inland locations. The limited knowledge generated to date in this topic has been primarily focused on those areas attaining a high population density, and rarely deals with long-term (>50 years) dynamics. Here we present the first Holocene palaeoecological study carried in the Orinoco Delta, in NE Venezuela. The record presented here contains sediments from the last 6200 years and is located in a river-shore swamp dominated by the palm Mauritia flexuosa. Current human occupation is almost restricted to small settlements of the Warao indigenous culture, closely related to the use of M. flexuosa and other palm species present in the zone. The results show the occurrence of three well-distinguished palynological zones: (i) from 6200 to 5200 cal yr BP, characterised by mixed rainforest and other taxa related to salinity (coastal-like), low (negative) values of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic grain size, absence of transported clays, and the highest macrocharcoal particles abundance; (ii) from 5200 to 2950 cal yr BP, marked by a replacement of the mangrove-like vegetation by a more inland mixed-swamp forest community with low levels of charcoal, and (iii) from 2950 cal yr BP to present-day, characterised by the establishment of the current vegetation community, dominated by M. flexuosa, and an increasing trend in the charcoal curve since the last 700 years. A combination of regional (climatic changes) and local (sediment ontogeny) has been proposed as the key drivers influencing the vegetation succession recorded. The stabilisation of the sea-level that occurred during the mid-Holocene would have favoured the transgression of the coastal line, with the migration of the coastal-like vegetation seawards. Synchronous to this event, a trend towards drier conditions has been reported in the close Cariaco record, that could have also influenced the vegetation replacement. Between 3800 and 2800 years ago, the increased ENSO variability registered in Cariaco may have played a key role in the expansion of the Mauritia palm community. It is suggested that in our location, the potential inhabiting human populations were differently influenced by these environmental changes. First, the disappearance of the coastal resources could have favoured land abandonment, whereas the increase in the abundance of the palm might be influential for the arrival of other inland cultures that were previously used to manage Mauritia. This sequence shows the importance of the ecosystem services for the location inhabitants, highlighting the abandonment of the mid-Holocene culture coeval with the disappearance of its ecosystem. These results also provide information about the sensitivity and resilience in facing external stressors of both humans and vegetation, and will be valuable tools for managing the future of this ecosystem
Devido à profunda crise econômica, política e social enfrentada pela Venezuela nos últimos anos, o Brasil se tornou um dos principais destinos dos migrantes indígenas venezuelanos, que vieram em busca de melhores condições de vida. A partir desse contexto, objetivou-se realizar a construção de um quintal produtivo urbano na Unidade de Acolhimento dos Indígenas Waraos em Campina Grande, PB. As atividades aconteceram com a participação de todos os moradores. Foram cultivadas espécies frutíferas, medicinais e também milho em consórcio com fava, macaxeira, batata doce e jerimum. O quintal produtivo na Unidade de Acolhimento proporciona aos migrantes indígenas o resgate da cultura original fora do seu território, alavanca a produção de múltiplos produtos em pequenos espaços, melhora a qualidade de vida, segurança e soberania alimentar, proporciona integração local dos migrantes, atividade terapêutica para os idosos, troca de saberes e transmissão dos conhecimentos tradicionais para as próximas gerações.
