Figura 158 - uploaded by Elia Quirós Rosado
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
En esta obra se realiza una introducción práctica a la técnica de la fotogrametría aérea digital, con el fin de dar a conocer las etapas y medios con los que se ha obtenido la cartografía sobre la que los ingenieros civiles proyectan sus obras. Los contenidos están planteados desde la experiencia profesional, explicando todo el proceso de trabajo,...
Similar publications
Historical architecture is without doubt a valuable part of cultural heritage. Various methods, predominantly non-destructive and progressive should be used to analyse, document, monitor, maintain and to prepare any remediation activities. 3D models as an output of photogrammetry are one of these. Paper deals with analysis and comparison of the two...
This presentation demonstrate the use of close range photogrammetry in the generation of Digital Surface Model for small areas.
Os avanços tecnológicos e cientíï¬cos da fotogrametria digital e o elevado número de dados extraídos por meio desta área de conhecimento, têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e softwares de processamento. Justiï¬cando-se a necessidade da inclusão de plataformas educacionais para o ensino da fotogrametria digital no ensino técnico, a...
Esse artigo examina, brevemente, a história e os pressupostos operacionais de formas de reconstrução volumétrica baseada na captura de dados visuais, em particular a fotogrametria digital. A fotogrametria é uma das principais técnicas empregadas atualmente na produção de
réplicas virtuais de patrimônio para fins de conservação. O realismo computaci...
Citations
... The targets available in the Agisoft application "PhotoScan Professional" software were employed to define the references. With the aim to establish a proper 2D image-based crack monitoring procedure for masonry buildings, we considered the parameters of 3D photogrammetry [20][21][22][23] included in Appendix A to adapt them to our methodology. Then, the crack width was measured. ...
... Parameters of 3D photogrammetry [19][20][21][22] applicable to our 2D image-based inspection method. ...
Monitorización de grietas en edificios históricos.
... The targets available in the Agisoft application "PhotoScan Professional" software were employed to define the references. With the aim to establish a proper 2D image-based crack monitoring procedure for masonry buildings, we considered the parameters of 3D photogrammetry [20][21][22][23] included in Appendix A to adapt them to our methodology. Then, the crack width was measured. ...
... Parameters of 3D photogrammetry [19][20][21][22] applicable to our 2D image-based inspection method. ...
In order to democratize the preventive conservation of most listed buildings, we need to have an affordable tool that allows controlling their main vital signs. Complex and costly control installations, such as large digital data collection campaigns or 3D laser scanning, are not always possible. Methods for analogue data collection, such as comparators and callipers, are much more affordable and discreet but require the use of auxiliary lifting platforms for both installation and reading and control, hence resulting too invasive. In this paper we study techniques for digital indoor monitoring of cracks of listed masonry buildings. 2D image-based crack monitoring technique was found to be sufficient, affordable, traceable, and respectful with the use of the building. To verify its effectiveness, we performed laboratory tests and implement it in a real case study, a church in Zaragoza, Spain, currently undergoing a reparation process. The obtained results show that the proposed 2D image-based inspection technique provides measurements closer to the comparator, used as a reference, than the calliper, with a mean difference of 0.15 mm with respect to the reference, and a standard deviation of 0.17 mm, and its use can be up to 56% cheaper than the comparator. Therefore, the technique is easily generalizable to different heritage buildings.
... The latter uses LIDAR (laser image detection and ranging) and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) images (Roik et al., 2020;Heinrich et al., 2021;Su et al., 2020). Quirós (2014) mentions that photogrammetry is the science that uses photographs that allow measurements to be taken in order to provide precision, dimension and position of an object in space, as well as to generate plans and maps. To achieve better results, photogrammetry has implemented RPAs (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) that provide detailed information through remotely managed controls, obtaining better panoramas of inaccessible and vulnerable areas Jimenez and Mulero, 2019). ...
The exponential growth of the population is generating the deterioration of ecosystems due to its need to improve the quality of life, so the application of non-invasive methods for the management of natural resources such as trees in urban parks is sought. Therefore, in the present research, photogrammetry with Remotely Piloted Aircraf System (RPAs) was applied for the determination of aerial biomass in the parks of the district of Los Olivos in Lima, Peru. The study was conducted in five parks, which were previously georeferenced by a GPS to capture images with the Phantom 4 Pro drone. The images were processed with Agisoft software to calculate the aerial biomass and carbon sequestration of the trees. The results were given in tons of aerial biomass per hectare (t/ha) and tons of carbon sequestration per hectare (tC/ha); thus, Raimondi Park obtained 1,217 t/ha and 0. 572 tC/ha, Solidaridad Park obtained 1,848 t/ha and 0.868 tC/ha, Cristo Rey Park obtained 9,443 t/ha and 4,438 tC/ha, Juan Pablo II Park obtained 3,694 t/ha and 1,736 and Santa Rosa Park obtained 4,260 t/ha and 2,002 tC/ha. Based on the results, it is concluded that photogrammetry with RPAs is a favorable and efficient methodology that allows determining the aerial biomass and calculating carbon sequestration, helping to preserve green areas according to the number of inhabitants per urban area.
... (Real Academia Española, 2021). De forma etimológica se puede definir la palabra fotogrametría como "…métrica de lo escrito con luz…" (Quíros Rosado, 2014). ...
... Por otra parte, se busca replicar este efecto estereoscópico por medios artificiales, emulando los diferentes puntos de vista tomando diversas imágenes, resultando una percepción de relieve superficial (Quíros Rosado, 2014). En la siguiente imagen se muestra una comparativa de visón estereoscópica natural y artificial. ...
... In the case of urban areas, the limit drops considerably. However, it all depends on the accuracy and characteristics of the terrain in question [33]. The technique is based on the principle of stereoscopy to ensure that by viewing the terrain through photographs, the relief of the field can be reproduced. ...
... In recent years with the implementation of flights with GPS and inertial sensors, the number of GPPs needed to adjust a photogrammetric block has been greatly reduced correctly. GPS records the projection center coordinates of each photo and, together with the camera, works independently by obtaining data at different time intervals [33]. ...
Road inspection and maintenance require a large amount of data collection, where the main limiting factor is the time required to cover long stretches of road, having a negative impact on the optimization of the work. This article aims to identify modern tools for road maintenance and analysis. To carry out the research, recent methodologies are used to guide the work in different stages to adequately justify the processes involved. Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cameras, and GPS, three-dimensional virtual models are reconstructed, which are useful for extracting the necessary information since they allow for accurate replication of the captured. In this way, it is possible to obtain longitudinal profiles associated with the road, and with it, the international roughness index (IRI) is calculated, which gives results within 0.1 (m/km) of the certified official results, which shows its potential use and development.
... Structure from Motion (SfM) is a technique for generating a three-dimensional reconstruction from 2D images. Unlike traditional photogrammetry, which Bonneval says [48] is "the technique that aims to accurately study and define the shape, dimensions and position in the space of any object using essentially measurements made on one or more photographs," SfM uses computer vision algorithms to identify matching characteristics in a set of overlapping digital images, calculating the location and orientation of the camera. Based on these calculations, overlapping images can be used to reconstruct a structure using a 3D point cloud of the object, surface, or photo scene. ...
... For flight planning, it is important to consider the scale of the photographs, which will limit the detection and consequently the accuracy of the size of the objects in 3D reconstruction. This requires predefining a spatial resolution on the ground or the ground sampling distance called the Ground Sample Distance (GSD) used to define the resolution of the digital image, as it is the representation of the pixel in the terrain [48,56].The correlation between the flight, sensor and image parameters implies inevitable trade-offs between the different factors. That is, features based on the UAV platform, such as altitude and its resistance (flight time), but also geometry and image quality, and processing time. ...
Pavement maintenance seeks to provide optimal service conditions. Before maintenance, it is necessary to know the condition of the pavement by inspection, a crucial step in deciding on the repair to be carried out. In this sense, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) seem to be an economic substitute compared to the ground laser scanner for pavement inspection tasks. This research seeks to develop a method to measure potholes using 3D models generated with photographs acquired by a UAV and process them using a software based on the Structure from Motion-MultiView Stereo (SfM-MVS) technique. The contribution of this document is the proposal of recommendations for the acquisition of photographs for the realization of the models. To develop these recommendations, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the accuracy in the reconstruction of 3D models using images obtained from the variation and combination of flight planning parameters and data capture. Then, to validate these recommendations, a bumpy section of pavement was modeled using the SfM-MVS method. The results show that for heights of 10 and 15 m the use of this methodology is applicable for the measurement of the width and depth of potholes.
... Principio fotogramétrico, las ecuaciones de colinealidad: En el procesado fotogramétrico existe una relación de interdependencia entre los puntos de la superficie estudiada y los puntos en la imagen a lo largo de rayos o de los haces de proyección. La condición de "colinealidad" (figura 15a) obliga a que se encuentren en la misma recta (línea discontinua), el centro de proyección O, el punto imagen (a', a) y el punto del objeto A proyectado en el terreno (Quirós, 2014). Esto indica que el punto de imagen (en la placa del sensor de la cámara), el punto observado (en el objeto) y el centro de proyección de la cámara se ha alineado o son "colineales" cuando es tomada la imagen. ...
... El principio fotogramétrico básico se basa en la condición de colinealidad. El procesamiento fotogramétrico analítico clásico se dan varios pasos (Quirós, 2014): i) se efectúa la trasformación del sistema de coordenadas píxel, de la imagen adquirida o escaneada, a sistema de coordenadas cartesiano expresado en milímetros. Datos conocidos como el punto principal (central) en la imagen y distancia focal de la cámara es crucial para dicha trasformación, este proceso se denomina Orientación Interna. ...
Se espera un aumento en la amenaza por inundaciones en el futuro, como fruto del aumento de las lluvias extremas y del incremento de la población expuesta, todo ello debido al Cambio Climático Global. La información geoespacial, en particular la altimétrica generalmente constituida por los Modelos Digitales de Elevaciones, son una herramienta indispensable para el análisis de amenazas por inundaciones, aunque no siempre es posible contar con dicha información a escala local de detalle. Por consiguiente, es necesario proponer metodologías de obtención de información altimétrica de utilidad en estudios locales y detallados de inundaciones. El objeto de la presente tesis es el diseño de una metodología para la obtención de productos altimétricos a partir de nuevas tecnologías emergentes de captura de la información, como son los drones o RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems), y de utilidad en los estudios de inundaciones. La investigación desarrollada se centra proponer un método alternativo de georreferenciación por puntos de control derivados de información altimétrica existente para la generación de modelos a partir de fotogrametría de imágenes adquiridas con RPAS. El desarrollo de esta investigación incluye la evaluación de la precisión de los modelos obtenidos mediante fotogrametría SfM (Structure from Motion) y el análisis del potencial de los modelos RPAS obtenidos para la modelación espacial de inundaciones urbanas. Para ello, las inundaciones estimadas con los modelos RPAS generados se compararon con estimadas a partir de un modelo digital del terreno de referencia derivado de datos LiDAR (Airborne - Light Detection and Ranging). El caso de estudio es una ciudad costera ubicada en el caribe colombiano altamente expuesta a amenazas de origen hidrometereológico. El método de georreferenciación propuesto contribuye a obtener modelos con precisiones verticales comparables a las encontradas en la literatura, de aproximadamente dos veces el tamaño de píxel o GSD (Ground Sample Distance) de las imágenes adquiridas con RPAS. El trabajo realizado confirma viabilidad de utilizar los modelos RPAS obtenidos bajo una estrategia de procesamiento fotogramétrico semiautomática; siendo fundamental la intervención del operador en la cadena de procesamiento fotogramétrico SfM para la obtención de modelos precisos y útiles en la estimación de la amenaza. La complementariedad demostrada entre las distintas fuentes de información geoespacial utilizadas (LiDAR y la fotogrametría RPAS) ha llevado a proponer una metodología alternativa de georreferenciación de utilidad para obtener modelos, especialmente útil cuando la georreferenciación por puntos de control físicos en el terreno es desafiante.
----------ABSTRACT---------- Flood hazards are expected to increase in the future, as a result of extreme rainfall and populations increasingly exposed to the effects of global Climate Change (CC). Geospatial information, in particular, the altimetric generally constituted by Digital Elevation Models (DEM), is an indispensable tool for a local flood hazard analysis, although not always available at the level of detail. Therefore, it is necessary to propose methodologies to obtain useful and detailed altimetric information for local flood studies. The main aim of this thesis is designing a methodology for obtaining altimetric products from emerging geospatial technologies, such as drones or RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems), and readily applicable in flood studies. It was focused to present an alternative method for georeferencing using control points derived from existing altimetric information for DEM generation (by photogrammetry with RPAS imaging). More specifically, it aims to assess the accuracy of the DEM obtained by Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and the analysis of the potential use of generated products for spatial modeling of urban floods. For the above, the estimated floods using the RPAS models obtained were compared with those from LiDAR data used as a reference surface (Airborne - Light Detection and Ranging). A coastal city located in the Colombian Caribbean highly exposed to hydrometeorological hazards is presented as a case study. The proposed georeferencing method contributes to obtaining DEMs with vertical accuracies comparable to those found in the literature, of approximately two times the pixel size or GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of images acquired with RPAS. Our research confirms the advantage of using the RPAS models obtained under a semi-automatic photogrammetric processing strategy. The user intervention in the SfM photogrammetric processing chain is crucial to obtain accurate and useful models for flood hazard estimation. The demonstrated complementarity between the different sources of geospatial information used (LiDAR and RPAS photogrammetry) provide an alternative georeferencing methodology useful to obtain models, especially effective when georeferencing by physical ground control points is a burden.
... Al no contar con los sistemas de coordenadas instrumentales para cada fotografía, es necesario aproximar uno a partir del sistema coordenado de las fotografías que permita una calidad de la transformación bidimensional aceptable. Esto significa que esa transformación arroje valores de error cuadrático medio (RMSE) menores a un pixel (Quirós, 2014). ...
On December 8, 1994, at 22:48 (local time), a particular event took place on the northern flank of the Irazú volcano, which was described at that time as a phreatic eruption. Recently, the volcanic nature of this event was questioned and it was proposed that it would have been a debris avalanche generated by a landslide. In this work we studied this process from the historical, geological and geomorphological perspective. The hypothesis of the landslide is reinforced based on seismological evidences, although it is still not ruled out that geothermal activity could have been involved. In this work, the photogrammetric restitution was made from aerial photographs obtained by the National Geographic Institute (IGN) on December 20, 1994, by which a volume of sliding material between 21±8 and 22±7x106 m3 was estimated.
... Al no contar con los sistemas de coordenadas instrumentales para cada fotografía, es necesario aproximar uno a partir del sistema coordenado de las fotografías que permita una calidad de la transformación bidimensional aceptable. Esto significa que esa transformación arroje valores de error cuadrático medio (RMSE) menores a un pixel (Quirós, 2014). ...
On December 8th , 1994, at 22:48 (local time), a particular event took place on the northern flank of the Irazú volcano, which was described at that time as a phreatic eruption. Recently, the volcanic nature of this event was questioned and it was proposed that it would have been a debris avalanche generated by a landslide. In this work we studied this process from the historical, geological and geomorphological perspective. The hypothesis of the landslide is reinforced based on seismological evidences, although it is still not ruled out that geothermal activity could have been involved. In this work, the photogrammetric restitution was made from aerial photographs obtained by the National Geographic Institute (IGN) on December 20 th , 1994, by which a volume of sliding material between 21±8 and 22±7x10 6 m 3 was estimated.
... Hoy en día todos los instrumentos fotogramétricos dedicados a la observación remota incorporan sistemas de navegación inerciales (instrumentos de localización y posicionamiento absoluto y relativo) que les proporcionan valores muy precisos de POE lo cual representa una de las principales ventajas respecto de los sensores históricos. En este trabajo se ha aprovechado este hecho para realizar un procedimiento combinado de orientación exterior y aerotriangulación por bloques independientes [67] en dos conjuntos de datos diferentes. Aprovechando las elevadas precisiones en POI y POE de los datos actuales de una de las plataformas satelitales utilizadas (los gemelos SPOT 6 y 7, ver 3.3.6) ...
... Sensoresópticos 2.3.1. IntroducciónLa fotogrametría es la técnica que tiene como objetivo estudiar y definir con precisión la forma, dimensiones y posición en el espacio de un objeto cualquiera utilizando medidas hechas sobre fotografías[67]. Puede ser aplicada a objetos cercanos en su modalidad de fotogrametría terrestre, o a objetos remotos en su modalidad de fotogrametría aérea o satelital. ...
... Posteriormente, es posible generar múltiples productos derivados.Según la catalogación clásica de la fotogrametría, en este trabajo se ha hecho uso de la fotogrametría analítica aérea y espacial, y de la fotogrametría digital espacial. La primera sería aquella que recurriendo a fuentes analógicas en plataforma aérea o satelital (recurso tradicional) hace uso de técnicas computacionales para obtener los resultados, la segunda es enteramente digital y computerizada, recurriendo a sensores digitales en plataformas orbitales[52],[67].El problema fundamental de la fotogrametría consiste en la reconstrucción analítica de la posición de un par de fotogramas tal y como se encontraban en el momento de la toma, para así, por analogía geométrica poder medir coordenadas tridimensionales del terreno. Resolver este problema y obtener los productos fotogramétricos derivados es un proceso que se hace mediante los siguientes pasos:1. ...
The aim of the research was to carry out the measurement of changes in surface (geodynamic) of the different cryo and glaciogenic formations of the glacial and periglacial environments of the Cordon de la Ramada in the Argentine Central Andes. Knowing the evolution of this environment in the last decades allows to estimate its state of conservation or deterioration, making possible to evaluate the impact of global warming or anthropogenic activity at the local scale.
The measurements were carried out with photogrammetry and SAR interferometry, which have been supported with field work. For the first case, with data from airborne analogue sensors of the sixties and with contemporary high-resolution satellite image (SPOT 6 and 7). For the second case, with data from the ESA Sentinel-1 mission. In the field campaigns, GNSS geodetic measurements of ground control points for photogrammetric purposes were made. Through these techniques it has been possible to:
a) Identify the dynamical phenomena in the region and establish its three dimensional characteristics through DInSAR;
b) establish vector velocity vector fields in planimetry for the glaciers using image correlation techniques; and finally,
c) generate two high-resolution DEMs with fifty years of chronological time-lapse between them to perform geodetic mass balance.
Based on the results, a quantitative and qualitative analysis is presented, allowing for both the visualization of the characteristics of the movements and the evaluation of the difficulties and suitability in the application of the methods for the proposed objectives.
The approximation to the object of study is presented from a medium geographic scale point of view. Usually it is possible to find either very detailed study cases circumscribed to a particular phenomenon such as the study of a single glacier, or research with broad scope, such as large regional inventories that expose generic variables like climate models or permafrost spatial distribution. Researches that approaches the subject from intermediate geographical units, whose allows for handling levels of detail precision, while also performing an interpretation in regional terms, are less common. In this way, the glacial and periglacial environment of the Cordon de la Ramada is described here for the first time in a very detailed and systematic manner, allowing a better understanding of its dynamics and evolution. The approach to the subject is developed following the most recent methods applied to this type of study.
