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SEM micrographs of seed shape (a) and seed coat surface (b) in subfamily Alsinoideae.
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Seed morphology of 28 taxa belonging to 14 genera of Caryophyllaceae was studied utilizing stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopes, to determine the significance of seed coat features as taxonomic characters. Results of the present study concluded that there are significant variations in particular surface features within all the studied mem...
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Citations
... The coloration of the seed coat varies within C. quitensis populations, and the germination percentages differ between light and dark brown seeds when exposed to different NaCl concentrations [60,61]. Seed heteromorphism, not only in testa coloration but also in morphology, has been reported in other Caryophyllaceae species [80,81]. This phenomenon is influenced by genetic factors, the position of the seeds on the plant, and their distance from the plant's vascular tissues [82]. ...
The conservation of the Antarctic ecosystem is linked to scientific and tourism activities. The Colección Activa de Plantas Vasculares Antárticas at the Universidad de Concepción aims to help conserve the region’s vascular flora to support scientific research while minimizing anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems. Colobanthus quitensis is the only native dicotyledonous plant native to Antarctica and, as an extremophilic plant, is capable of withstanding extreme abiotic conditions. This species has potentially important use as a biological model to study the physiological deterioration of dormant seeds and other traits, some of which may contribute to vegetation development in Antarctica. Although studies have addressed the reproduction and germination of C. quitensis, there is no recent synthesis of information regarding its reproductive biology and seed traits that could support its conservation. This work synthesizes and critically analyzes the current knowledge of C. quitensis reproduction in natural and controlled environments, identifying factors that contribute to the decline in seed quality. We propose that growth conditions, seed morphology, and interactions with endophytic fungi influence germination and seedling establishment. We also highlight critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed to better understand the species’ phenology, the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on its development, strategies for seed conservation, and biotechnological applications.
... In order to ascertain additional features that may be useful in clarifying the taxonomic status of the species, we conducted carpological studies of both well-defined and controversial species that are represented in the flora of Ukraine. As demonstrated by our own research and that of other authors, carpological features are a valuable tool for species identification and taxonomy within the family Caryophyllaceae (Crow, 1978(Crow, , 1979Fawzi et al., 2010;Martyniuk et al., 2015aMartyniuk et al., , 2015bMartyniuk et al., , 2015cMartyniuk et al., , 2018Abdel-Maksoud, Fawzi, 2016;Atazadeh et al., 2017). ...
The micro- and macromorphological characteristics of seeds of species of the genera Spergula and Spergularia in the flora of Ukraine were studied in order to identify new diagnostic characters useful for solving taxonomic issues. The ultrastructure of the seed surface was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Seeds of some species of these genera are similar in appearance (especially with a wide wing — Spergula morisonii and Spergularia marina), which can be one of the confirmations of the close taxonomic affinity of these genera. The results of our study showed that the ultrastructure patterns of the surface of seeds of Spergula and Spergularia species differ among themselves within these genera but for some species can be used as diagnostic characters for their identification. The data obtained confirm the results of our previous research on the taxonomic status of some representatives of the studied taxa (Fedoronchuk, 2023). In particular, taking into account the similarity of seed ultrastructure and other characteristics that have been proposed previously, we consider Spergula vulgaris a synonym of Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, S. vernalis — a synonym of S. morisonii, Spergularia media — a synonym of Spergularia marina, and Spergularia salina — a synonym of Spergularia marina. Differences in the surface ultrastructure of Spergula sativa and Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, which is consistent with our understanding of the taxon (Fedoronchuk, 2023) as Spergula arvensis subsp. sativa, as well as between Spergula maxima and Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, accordingly we propose — Spergula arvensis subsp. maxima. Compiled descriptions of the surface ultrastructure of seeds of Spergula and Spergularia species collected in the territory of Ukraine can be used as a model for assessing the possible variability of the morphological characters of these species in other regions of the world.
... Several articles have been dedicated to seed micromorphology in species other than Silene in the Caryophyllaceae [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. In some instances, tubercle shape is associated with a given phylogenetic group or a particular geographic location [6,10,[49][50][51]. ...
In the Caryophyllaceae, seed surfaces contain cell protrusions, of varying sizes and shapes, called tubercles. Tubercles have long been described in many species, but quantitative analyses with measurements of size and shape are lacking in the literature. Based on optical photography, the seeds of Silene were classified into four types: smooth, rugose, echinate and papillose. Seeds in each of these groups have characteristic geometrical properties: smooth seeds lack tubercles and have the highest values of circularity and solidity in their lateral views, while papillose seeds have the largest tubercles and lowest values of circularity and solidity both in lateral and dorsal views. Here, tubercle width, height and slope, maximum and mean curvature values and maximum to mean curvature ratio were obtained for representative seeds of a total of 31 species, 12 belonging to Silene subg. Behenantha and 19 to S. subg. Silene. The seeds of the rugose type had lower values of curvature. Additionally, lower values of curvature were found in species of S. subg. Silene in comparison with S. subg. Behenantha. The seeds of S. subg. Behenantha had higher values of tubercle height and slope and higher values of maximum and average curvature and maximum to mean curvature ratio.
... [Rumicastrum s.str.] (Montiaceae: Obbens, 2006) as well as in many Caryophyllaceae (Barthlott, 1981;Wofford, 1981;Abdel-Maksoud and Fawzi, 2016;Pirani et al., 2019). ...
The family Aizoaceae includes ~1880 species and is one of the more diverse groups within Caryophyllales, particularly in arid areas in the western part of southern Africa. Most species are dwarf succulent-leaf shrubs. In response to the harsh climatic conditions prevalent where they occur, many representatives have evolved special reproductive adaptations. These include hygrochastic capsules (mostly found in Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae), burr-like indehiscent and one-seeded, winged diaspores, and fast germination of seeds after rain. We focused on anatomical features, evolutionary trends, and the ecological significance of various morpho-anatomical structures found in the seeds. The seeds of 132 species from 61 genera were studied, and 18 diagnostic characters were discovered. All studied characters were compared with those of other families from core Caryophyllales. The seed notch and embryo shape were added to the list of characteristics distinguishing major clades within the family. In addition, the presence of longitudinal ridges and a keel on the seed are additional characters of Aizooideae and combined Ruschioideae-Apatesieae, respectively. Puzzle-like borders of testa cells are a common trait in Ruschioideae and Mesembryanthemoideae. Most taxa in Aizoaceae have a thin seed coat, which is the ancestral state within the family. This may facilitate fast germination. We observed several shifts to a medium-thick or thick seed coat in members of Ruschioideae and Acrosanthoideae. These inhabit fire-prone environments (in vegetation types known as fynbos and renosterveld), where the thickened seed coat may protect against damage by fire. Multi-seeded fruits are the ancestral state within Aizoaceae, with several shifts to one-(two-)seeded xerochastic fruits. The latter are dispersed via autochory, zoochory, or anemochory. This trait has evolved mainly in less succulent subfamilies Acrosanthoideae, Aizooideae, and Sesuvioideae. In highly succulent subfamilies Ruschioideae and Mesembryanthemoideae, fruits are almost exclusively multi-seeded and hygrochastic with ombrohydrochoric dispersal. A reduction in the number of seeds within a dispersal unit is rare. Within Apatesieae and Ruschieae, there are also a few unusual genera whose fruits fall apart into one- to two-seeded mericarps (that are mainly dispersed by wind).
... The data concerning the macro and microstructure of seeds are very significant for the classification of Angiosperm taxa. Seed morphology played a significant role for taxonomic delimitation of various families and genera (Akbari and Azizian, 2006;Fawzi et al., 2010;Ather et al., 2010;Kanwal et al., 2012;Abdel-Maksoud and Fawzi, 2016;Nardi et al., 2016). Some reports are available on the seed morphology in certain genera of the subfamily Grewioideae such as (Datta, 1980, Maity et al., 2008and Ather et al., 2009). ...
Macro and micromorphological seed characters of five species belonging to genus Corchorus L. (Malvaceae, subfamily Grewioideae) were studied using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the importance of seed features as taxonomic evidence. These species are C. capsularis L., C. depressus (L.) Stocks, C. olitorius L., C. tridens L. and C. trilocularis L. Morphological characters concerned with vegetative and reproductive organs were investigated. SPSS 22 program was used for analysing the obtained data. The taxonomic relationships between the studied taxa were discussed. The results showed that seed shape varied from angular-oblong, ellipsoid, rhomboidal, and triangular-cuneiform. The seed coat pattern varied from rugosely-striate, ruminate, ruminate-reticulate and reticulate. The resulted dendrogram from seed characters data analysis showed high similarity between seeds of C. depressus and C. tridens. An artificial key, using the seed characters, is designed to identify the studied species.
Recently, based on light microscopy images, the tubercle structure on the seed surface of 100 Silene species was quantitatively described, including tubercle width, height, and curvature associated with general morphometric data. Curvature measures the rate of change of the tangent vector in a curve and can be calculated by the following methods described for Arabidopsis roots. Here, we apply curvature measurements to the SEM images of 40 Silene species from Türkiye, demonstrating that a quantitative analysis of tubercles can be made based on SEM images with similar results to optical photographs. The association of morphometric tubercle data allows for classification into six groups, five of them corresponding to described shapes: rugose (two groups), echinate, mammillate, and papillose, and a sixth group of tubercles plane on top. The curvature values vary between 20 and 200 mm−1 and differ among the morphological tubercle types described. The correlation of curvature values with other general measurements and morphological seed characteristics is investigated. Tubercle quantification not only is a useful tool for Silene taxonomy, but also provides the basis for the analysis of the genetic control and developmental effects on tubercle structure and shape in the seed surface.
Збірник містить матеріали ІІІ Науково-практичної конференції з міжнародною
участю, присвяченої 180-річчю Національного медичного університету імені О.О.
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опубліковано результати наукових досліджень провідних вчених України та іноземних
фахівців з питань фітохімічного аналізу, стандартизації лікарської рослинної сировини,
інтродукції, ресурсознавства лікарських рослин. Висвітлено питання технології та
аналізу лікарських засобів рослинного походження, дієтичних добавок, лікувально�профілактичних та косметичних засобів. Представлені фармакологічні дослідження з
питань безпечності та застосування у клінічній практиці лікарських засобів рослинного
походження. Розглянуто проблеми модернізації навчального процесу та орієнтації на
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наукових та науково-педагогічних працівників наукових установ, закладів вищої
освіти фармацевтичного, медичного, біологічного профілю, докторантів, аспірантів,
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ISBN 978-966-437-620-1 (повне зібрання)
