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Examples of the studied SCT sections.
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Introduction
Application of automated analysis currently occupies a leading position in every field of science and technology.
The aim of our study was to provide a complex automatic determination of morphological parameters for bone tissue in human paranasal sinuses.
Materials and Methods
The study involved 50 patients aged 20 to 60, male and fem...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... first part (Fig. 1) of the study is described in detail in the material [25]. Preparatory stage involved preliminary arrangement of CT images: areas of the maxillary sinus wall with a minimum thickness, coordinates of points with a minimum density on the Hounsfield scale [26]. A site of known length (25 mm) was marked on the SCT image for ...
Citations
... Another important finding of the present study was the significantly higher proportion of E-cigarette users who had dry mouth and black tongue when compared to nonsmokers [17,43,44]. In this context, medical students and professionals are considered role models for the community and should be at the forefront of fighting dental diseases and the associated deleterious habits [17,45] with implementation of new technological method of medical examination [46,47]. ...
... Another important finding of the present study was the significantly higher proportion of E-cigarette users who had dry mouth and black tongue when compared to nonsmokers [17,43,44]. In this context, medical students and professionals are considered role models for the community and should be at the forefront of fighting dental diseases and the associated deleterious habits [17,45] with implementation of new technological method of medical examination [46,47]. ...
Abstract. Understanding the harmful effects of using tobacco products (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) or vape, IQOS, hookah, etc.) by various segments of the population is one of the important ways to improve the condition of the tissues of the oral cavity, since smoking is an important risk factor for the occurrence of chronic destructive periodontal diseases.
The purpose of our work was a study of the relationship between the state of the oral cavity and the use of tobacco products in different age groups based on the conducted questionnaire.
Materials and method. In order to conduct this research, an anonymous survey was conducted in the form of a Google document among people divided into three age groups: younger (under 21), middle (21-40) and older (over 40) with 1113 participants. In the survey, they answered questions about their lifestyle, the type of tobacco product used, visible changes of oral cavity if they were present.
The results. Studies show that smoking and the use of tobacco products is a fairly common phenomenon in modern society and reflects a direct correlation between the intensity of this habit in people and the development of various pathological conditions of the mucous membranes of the mouth. Significant period of cigarette use and the accompanying insufficiency of oral hygiene measures increase risk of oral cavity injury. More than 60% answered that they regularly brush their teeth twice a day. At the same time, at least half of all respondents answered that they use dental floss and mouthwashes irregularly, and also visit the dentist only when necessary. Among the first two age groups, it is noted that up to 52% of people consume various sweets and sweet drinks every day, which is a factor that contributes to the appearance of destructive changes in the oral cavity. Similar factors include the lack of an active lifestyle. So from 30% to 50% in each age group don’t have any physical exercises. Only up to 30% of people have up to 3 physical exercises a week or have morning exercise every day.
Conclusions. The most pronounced correlative relationship for severity of changes in oral cavity was revealed between with experience of smoking (how long) – r=0.79, intensity of smoking (r=0.75) and oral hygiene practices (r=0.71). It is necessary to develop new methods of combating the consequences of long-term use of tobacco products, as well as preventing the appearance of uncompensated changes in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
... Данные, полученные в ходе выполнения работы, также могут быть полезны при из-Эуриен готовлении ауто-и аллотрансплантантов для закрытия дефектов лицевого отдела черепа [11], а также они могут быть использованы для определения характера течения различных заболеваний у людей с различными конституциональными особенностями [12,13]. Данное исследование является перспективным и может быть дополнено новыми данными, полученными при исследовании смежных анатомических областей как околоносовых пазух человека [14][15][16], так и зубочелюстной системы [17][18][19]. Также перспективным является направление усовершенствования методов об-работки медицинских изображений, внедрение методов классификации и аугментации [20][21][22] с целью получения полных и точных данных для использования полученных результатов в рутинной ежедневной врачебной практике [23][24][25]. ...
Представленные результаты исследования проведены с целью определение особенностей краниометрических показателей лицевого черепа зрелого возраста по данным компьютерной томографии. Под исследование попали 40 человек мужского (20) и женского (20) пола от 44 до 60 лет, при спи-рально-компьютерной томографии – которым проводилось в связи с причинами, не связанными с патологией костей черепа (подозрение на инсульт, которое не подтведилось). Исследовались череп-ной индекс, верхний лицевой индекс, ширина лба.В ходе выполнения работы определено, что среднее значение черепного индекса равнялось 77,3±1,85%. Показатели верхнего лицевого индекса составляли 53,37±3,57%, а средняя ширина лба составляла 13,75±0,5х10-2м.Для подавляющего большинства женщин была характерна мезокрания (95% исследуемых). Лишь у 5% определялась долихокрания. Среднее значение черепного индекса для этих женщин равнялось 78,1%. Среднее значение верхнего лицевого индекса составляло 53,37±3,57%.Эти показатели строения лицевого черепа могут быть полезными при планировании оперативных вмешательств в области лицевого черепа, позволяя более точно анализировать индивидуальные особенности пациентов и определять оптимальные подходы к хирургическому лечению.
... In addition, the modern development of most specializations and areas of research in biomedical engineering is characterized by the collection of a huge amount of information. These are tabular datasets, images, videos, biosignals, etc. [4][5][6]. All this requires effective methods for the intellectual analysis of such data. ...
The modern development of the biomedical engineering area is accompanied by the availability of large volumes of data with a non-linear response surface. The effective analysis of such data requires the development of new, more productive machine learning methods. This paper proposes a cascade ensemble that combines the advantages of using a high-order Wiener polynomial and Stochastic Gradient Descent algorithm while eliminating their disadvantages to ensure a high accuracy of the approximation of such data with a satisfactory training time. The work presents flow charts of the learning algorithms and the application of the developed ensemble scheme, and all the steps are described in detail. The simulation was carried out based on a real-world dataset. Procedures for the proposed model tuning have been performed. The high accuracy of the approximation based on the developed ensemble scheme was established experimentally. The possibility of an implicit approximation by high orders of the Wiener polynomial with a slight increase in the number of its members is shown. It ensures a low training time for the proposed method during the analysis of large datasets, which provides the possibility of its practical use in the biomedical engineering area.
This chapter explores the application of machine learning (ML) to infectious disease surveillance during emergencies, such as pandemics, natural disasters, and armed conflicts. It examines the challenges and limitations of data collection in these settings, including data quality, completeness, and integration into existing healthcare infrastructures. The discussion highlights how ML models, utilizing advanced techniques such as data augmentation, feature engineering, and anomaly detection, can significantly improve disease prediction and management accuracy and timeliness. Key points include the potential of ML to revolutionize public health responses through real-time data processing and the integration of diverse data sources. The chapter also addresses the future landscape of ML in public health crises, emphasizing the need for enhanced data collection methods, real-time analytics, and the development of more interpretable and secure ML models. Ultimately, this chapter underscores the transformative potential of ML technologies in improving public health surveillance and response during emergencies while acknowledging the critical need to overcome current challenges to fully realize these benefits.
Dirofilariasis is a helminthiasis that occurs in carnivorous animals (dogs, cats, foxes, wolves, etc.) and less often in humans, although according to some authors it is believed that the number of infected animals approximately corresponds to the number of infected people. Dirofilariasis of the maxillofacial area is not a widespread condition, its cases are described in short series, therefore, the aim of this work is to share our own experience of managing patients with this rare condition.The work presents our own experience in the management of 14 dirofilariasis patients with lesions of the maxillofacial area, of them there are 3 men and 11 women aged 29 to 54. Most patients sought help in the late autumn, winter and spring periods and only 2 people in the summer period. All patients were examined by a dentist, and an ultrasound examination of the area with a formation was performed. According to the clinical manifestations, the disease began acutely in nine patients and had a picture of inflamed atheroma (2 – in the zygomatic area, 1 – in the parotid, 2 – in the infraorbital area, 2 – in the temporal area, and 2 – in the area of the nasal bridge). All patients were operated on and tumor-like formations in dense membranes were removed, inside which one live nematode 11-18 cm long was found. In 3 observations, fragments of dead, partially lysed nematodes were removed from the oral cavity, the capsules of which imitated a migrating granuloma. According to the location – 5 capsules with dirofilaria were located in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, 3 – in the submucosal layer of the gums fused to the periosteum of the upper jaw, 1 – in the submucous layer of the lower jaw, 2 – in the fibers of the temporalis muscle and 1 – in the fibers of the buccal muscle. In each case, the localization of the nematode was close to the places of accumulation of adipose tissue or large blood vessels. In the postoperative period complex therapy was prescribed, including symptomatic anti-inflammatory and desensitizing agents, and consultation with infectionist was recommended. Thus, according to our observations, dirofilariasis most often affects areas of the face in which there are large vessels and accumulation of fatty tissue. In connection with the prevalence of dirofilariosis in humans and the predominant localization of parasitic infection in the face area, dentists, ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists need to be familiar with this pathology and show definite vigilance. Treatment dirofilariosis patients should be carried out comprehensively, together with parasitologists, with surgical excision of the lesion and appropriate drug therapy.
Cherubism, as one of the forms of fibrous jaw dysplasia, is a congenital malformation of bone tissue and is hereditary. Although cherubism is better known as a problem of maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics, these patients need to consult an ophthalmologist.
The aim of our study was to share with ophthalmologists the experience of diagnosis and treatment of patients with cherubism, as a form of fibrous dysplasia, which is rare, misdiagnosed, leading to inadequate treatment, and in some cases may become the cause of serious ophthalmic complications.
We share the experience of diagnosis and treatment of cherubism in four patients over a period of 1 to 20 years. The observations showed that the primary radical surgical interventions were due to an incorrect diagnosis. In this case, after surgical intervention, after a while, new foci appeared, or relapses of old ones. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis between true tumors of the jaw, odontogenic cysts and dysplastic lesions of the bones.
Based on our observations, we can conclude that cherubism, as one of the types of fibrous dysplasia, is a rare disease, hereditary or familial. After puberty and the formation of hormonal background, the disease regresses. Timely control by an orthodontist, and if necessary, maxillofacial surgery, can avoid disease progression and negative ophthalmic consequences.
