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; ABC and MFS Transporters: A reason for Antifungal drug resistance 5.0. RND Transporters (Resistance-Nodulation-Division):
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Efflux pumps play a crucial role in antimicrobial resistance, enabling bacteria to extrude a wide range of antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds, thereby reducing their intracellular concentration and rendering them ineffective. Understanding the mechanisms underlying efflux pump-mediated resistance is essential for the development of effec...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... transporters utilize energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to pump substances out of the bacterial cell (Wilkens S., 2015). They consist of two membrane-spanning domains and two cytoplasmic ATP-binding domains (Fig. 1). ABC transporters have a broad substrate range, pumping out various molecules, including antibiotics, toxins, and metabolic byproducts. Prominent examples of ABC transporters involved in antibiotic resistance include the NorA pump in Staphylococcus aureus and the AcrB pump in Escherichia coli ( Sharma et al. ...
Context 2
... transporters are passive transporters that rely on the proton motive force to move substrates across the bacterial membrane. They function as uniporters, symporters, or antiporters. MFS transporters ( Fig. 1) are known for their role in multidrug resistance and can efflux a wide array of substrates including antibiotics, sugars, and organic acids (Dos Santos et al., 2014). The Tet family of efflux pumps, such as TetA in Escherichia coli, is a well-known example of MFS transporters involved in antibiotic resistance. RND transporters are ...
Citations
... Reduced outer membrane permeability in gram-negative bacteria and the regular operation of efflux pumps can both contribute to intrinsic resistance, which is unrelated to prior antibiotic exposure. Multidrug-efflux pumps are frequently used to promote resistance [24]. Efflux pumps are differentiated into the group which involves major facilitator superfamily (MFS), resistance-nodulation-division (RND), and ATPbinding cassette (ABC) transporters. ...
Foodborne pathogen-associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, complicating infection control and placing another strain on medical resources. The misuse and overuse use of antibiotics in human healthcare and agricultural systems, with a focus on intensive animal farming techniques, is the main cause of the spread of AMR. Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes are among the bacteria that are becoming more resistant to conventional antibiotic treatments, making treatment more difficult. Longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and an increase in death rates are the results of this. Particularly vulnerable groups, such as youngsters, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems, show greater susceptibility. The consequences of AMR in foodborne pathogens extend beyond individual health, posing significant risks to food security and safety. Realizing that foodborne pathogens can be passed through contaminated food, water, and environmental resources, the chance for AMR to spread is considerable. Contemporary strategies aimed at mitigating AMR emphasize the enhancement of surveillance mechanisms, the fortification of regulations governing antibiotic usage in agricultural contexts, and the advocacy for the advancement of alternative therapeutic modalities, such as bacteriophage therapy and antimicrobial peptides. Still, notable deficiencies in our comprehension endure, particularly about the precise impact of foodborne pathogens on the overall AMR challenge. This review highlights the challenges posed by AMR in foodborne pathogens, examines its implications for public health, and investigates prospective avenues for research and policy measures to mitigate this growing danger. However, there remain plenty of unresolved issues about how exactly foodborne bacteria contribute to the overall AMR problem, which calls for more study into practical mitigation techniques and potential future policy interventions.
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