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The list of all known locality and host records from the literature on louse flies from Slovakia are summarized, with the addition of new collection data. New locality data are provided for five species. Three species are added to the Slovakian list: Icosta minor (Bigot in Thomson, 1858), which was erroneously cited for Moravia instead of Slovakia...
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Citations
... Comments: This is a small and annoying blood-sucking dipteran, originally from East Asia, which has spread to Western Europe. It was recorded in Slovakia around 2007 (Oboňa et al. 2019). It also often sits on people, especially mushroom pickers, in the autumn (Oboňa et al. 2019), but so far no human bites have been recorded in Slovakia. ...
... It was recorded in Slovakia around 2007 (Oboňa et al. 2019). It also often sits on people, especially mushroom pickers, in the autumn (Oboňa et al. 2019), but so far no human bites have been recorded in Slovakia. The bite is known only from the native species L. cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) . ...
... Caterpillars mine Robinia leaves, and in cases of overpopulation, this can cause the premature falling of the leaves at the end of summer (Kalivoda 2014). Until recently, only 6 invasive species were known from the city of Prešov (Rell et al. 2017;Oboňa et al. 2016Oboňa et al. , 2017Oboňa et al. , 2019Baranová et al. 2018;Čabanová et al. 2021). Thanks to the results presented here, this number has increased from the original 6 to 13 species. ...
The topic of invasion is a constantly relevant and popular issue these days. This work therefore provides an overview of the invasive insect species that occur in the city of Prešov, Slovakia. We summarize the literature data, with six invasive species already known from Prešov, and we also bring seven newly recorded invasive insects. We recorded the invasive pests of woody plants (Cameraria ohridella (Deschka & Dimic, 1986), Corythucha ciliata (Say, 1832), Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863)), of fruit pests (Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)), as well as epidemiologically significant invasive species (Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901), Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893), Lipoptena fortisetosa (Maa, 1965)). This number of species is certainly not complete, and even more attention needs to be paid to this topic in the future.
... The family Hippoboscidae Samouelle, 1819, or louse flies, includes approximately 213 species worldwide (Dick 2018;Oboňa et al. 2019). Hippoboscids feed on blood of their hosts -mammals and birds (Hutson 1984). ...
... The list of species corresponds to the results of Bear and Freidberg (1995), Dick (2018), Nartshuk et al. (2022, Yatsuk et al. (2023) and Matyukhin et al. (2023). To compile the key, we analyzed the main works that provide references and descriptions of the species: Bequaert (1954), Bear and Freidberg (1995), Maa (1963Maa ( , 1964Maa ( , 1967Maa ( , 1969aMaa ( , b, 1975Maa ( , 1986, Hutson (1971Hutson ( , 1981Hutson ( , 1984, Doszhanov (1980Doszhanov ( , 2003, Amiot (2015), Oboňa et al. (2019Oboňa et al. ( , 2022, Nartshuk et al. (2022), Yatsuk et al. (2023) and Matyukhin et al. (2023). We analyzed specimens of O. avicularia Linnaeus, 1758, O. biloba Dufour, 1827, O. chloropus Bergroth, 1901, O. comosa Austen, 1930, O. fringillina Curtis, 1836, O. krivolutskii Yatsuk, Matyukhin et Nartshuk, 2023, O. strigilis Nartshuk, Yatsuk et Matyukhin, 2022, O. triselevae Matyukhin, Yatsuk et Nartshuk, 2023 species from the collection of the Zoological Institute RAS and the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution collections. ...
The family Hippoboscidae Samouelle, 1819 includes approximately 213 species. The genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is one of the largest louse fly genera and now includes 31 species. These flies are parasites of different small birds from the order Passeriformes. Many of them specifically prefer swallows as hosts. Swallows have a wide beak, short legs, dense plumage and poor preening abilities. They feed in flight and therefore do not associate insects in their nests with food. A new species of the genus Ornithomya, O. delichoni sp. nov., is described. A female of O. delichoni sp. nov. was collected in the Spassk district of Primorskiy Territory (Far East, Russia) from western house martin. The new species differs from other Ornithomya species from this region in its combined length of the head and thorax, eye width, number of large setae on the scutellum, and arrangement of microtrichia on the wings. The new species is named after the bird from which the fly was collected. An updated key for 32 species of the genus Ornithomya, including the new one, is provided. These key is based on the following morphological features: head and thorax length combined, wing length, number of scutellum and mesonotum setae, ratio of sections of costal vein between junctions of R1 and R2+3 and between junctions of R2+3 and R4+5 and arrangement of wing microtrichia. Additionally, known data on the hosts and distribution of the Ornithomya species are provided.
... The louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of mammals and birds. There are more than 210 species known worldwide, including 34 species in Europe (Oboňa et al. 2019(Oboňa et al. , 2023Levesque-Beaudin and Sinclair 2021;Keve et al. 2024;Gonzáles et al. 2024). Recent decades have seen a revitalized study of the Hippoboscidae, including their systematics and ecology, as well as investigations into their genomics and ability to transmit pathogens (e.g., Oboňa et al. 2019;Gałęcki et al. 2020;Werszko et al. 2020;Li et al. 2022;Yatsuk et al. 2023;Keve et al. 2024). ...
... There are more than 210 species known worldwide, including 34 species in Europe (Oboňa et al. 2019(Oboňa et al. , 2023Levesque-Beaudin and Sinclair 2021;Keve et al. 2024;Gonzáles et al. 2024). Recent decades have seen a revitalized study of the Hippoboscidae, including their systematics and ecology, as well as investigations into their genomics and ability to transmit pathogens (e.g., Oboňa et al. 2019;Gałęcki et al. 2020;Werszko et al. 2020;Li et al. 2022;Yatsuk et al. 2023;Keve et al. 2024). A modern taxonomic key to European Hippoboscidae, allowing reliable identification of 31 of the 34 species, has recently been published by Oboňa et al. (2022). ...
Previous data on Estonian louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are dispersed across various, mainly local scientific articles and popular science writings, making them inaccessible to a broader interna‑ tional audience. No comprehensive species list or reviews are currently available. This study consolidates data from published sources, insect collections, and newly collected specimens to provide a comprehen‑ sive species list, supplemented with voucher specimen information. In total, nine species are confirmed to occur in Estonia, including two species, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901) and O. fringillina Curtis, 1836, recorded for the first time. Two species associated with livestock, Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 and Melophagus ovinus (Linnaeus, 1758), have been rarely encountered and are apparently nearing local extinction due to the increased use of effective insecticides and a decline in farming. Collection locality maps and habitus photographs from collected specimens are provided for all nine Estonian species.
... Hippoboscidae, commonly known as louse flies or keds, constitutes a family of parasitic flies that primarily infest birds and mammals (Hutson, 1984;Reeves and Lloyd, 2019). Around 213 hippoboscid species are known worldwide, from which 32 species have been described in Europe (Keve et al., 2024;Oboňa et al., 2022Oboňa et al., , 2019. Hippoboscidae flies are divided into the subfamilies Lipopteninae, Ornithomyinae, and Hippoboscinae (Reeves and Lloyd, 2019). ...
... Studies on Hippoboscidae in Spain are scarce and mostly focused on ornithophilic species from bird ringing programs (Gangoso et al., 2019;González et al., 2023), with a considerable gap on mammophilic species. Around 19 hippoboscid species have been recorded from the Iberian Peninsula and Islands (Oboňa et al., 2019). There are 14 species that primarily feed on birds and five species that mostly feed on mammals. ...
... Given the results, L. andaluciensis sp. nov. is together with L. arianae, the smallest species of the genus Lipoptena in Europe (Oboňa et al., 2019). The second key feature is chaetotaxy, a character known as one of the most common and useful diagnosis tools to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny between taxa. ...
... Louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are blood-sucking parasites of birds and mammals, with 213 known species worldwide [3]. The family Hippoboscidae contains three subfamilies: Hippoboscinae, Lipopteninae and Ornithomyinae. ...
... They can carry a multitude of different pathogens with high veterinary-medical significance, as exemplified by the West-Nile virus [7] and Babesia species [8], although their vector role is not yet clear. Research on hippoboscids is flourishing nowadays, i.e. with investigations focusing on their ecology, evolution, and potential role in the transmission of pathogens [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. ...
... Although studies on louse flies originating from Central [3] Northern [14], Southern [10], Western [15] and Eastern Europe [16] have also been conducted, only a few of these report long-term evaluations with continuous sample collection. The number of studies conducted on avian ectoparasites steadily increased in Hungary and in other Central European countries during the previous decade [2,3,12,17,18], but studies on ornithophilic hippoboscids appear to have been neglected compared to other arthropod vectors that are generally considered epidemiologically more important (i.e. ...
Background
Louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) are important blood-sucking parasites of birds and mammals with a worldwide distribution. The aim of our study was to collect louse flies from birds across multiple sites in Hungary and evaluate the effects of avian traits on louse fly–host relationships.
Methods
Between 2015 and 2022, 237 louse flies were collected from birds at multiple locations in Hungary. The louse flies were identified to species level by morphological and molecular methods. Louse fly species and their seasonal dynamics were analyzed.
Results
Six louse fly species were identified: Ornithomya avicularia, Ornithomya fringillina, Ornithomya biloba, Ornithomya chloropus, Ornithoica turdi and Ornithoctona laticornis. Results of statistical analyses indicated that habitat, migration habits and the feeding places of birds have significant effects on their possible role as hosts of O. avicularia, O. fringillina and O. turdi. Analysis of the temporal distribution of avian louse flies showed different seasonal patterns according to species. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted that O. turdi clustered separately from other members of the subfamily Ornithomyinae which thus did not form a monophyletic group.
Conclusions
This study presents one of the longest continuous collections of ornithophilic louse fly species in Europe so far. Avian traits were shown to influence louse-fly infestation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on O. laticornis in Europe. The ability of this African louse fly species to survive in Europe, as demonstrated in the present study, may be an indication of its future establishment. Our findings, in accordance with previous reports, also indicated that the subfamily Ornithomyinae should be taxonomically revised.
Graphical Abstract
... The collection of hippoboscids from bird hosts can be challenging due to their mobility and ability to escape, making bird ringing stations and bird nests ideal places for their research (Sychra et al., 2008;Oboňa et al., 2019a;Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020). Despite the difficulties in collecting hippoboscids, several studies have reported the presence of these arthropods in various bird and mammal species in Europe, with 21 species known to occur in Slovakia alone (Petersen, 2004;Le Guillou & Chapelin-Viscardi, 2022;Oboňa et al., 2019bOboňa et al., , 2022. ...
... Both species are unspecific, polyxenous avian parasites, which is consistent with the claims of other authors (Nartshuk et al., 2019; Bartos et al., 2020;Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020). O. turdi is also polyxenous avian parasite (Gaponov & Tewelde, 2020) but its known range is mainly restricted to the northern regions of Slovakia (Oboňa et al., 2019b) resulting in a comparatively lower number of recorded hosts. L. fortisetosa, L. cervi and H. equina were identified as oligoxenous species, but they mainly parasitised mammals. ...
... Uzovský Šalgov: 1 ind., host A. arundinaceus, 7.7.2022. (1986, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1994b), Chalupský (1986), Hubálek et al. (1988, Čepelák & Čepelák (1991), Krištofík (1998), Straka (2001, 2010, 2011), Roháček (2009), Straka & Majzlán (2014, Oboňa et al. (2019bOboňa et al. ( , 2022. ...
The hippoboscids play important roles in ecosystem functioning and can serve as indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health. These bloodsucking ectoparasites are important from a public health perspective, as they can serve as vectors of various endoparasitic pathogens in animals and humans, although our understanding is still limited in this case. The current study provides information on the host species and distribution, which can contribute to the understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of these important arthropods with a potential impact on both animal and human health. We present an ecological parasite-host interaction network of louse flies and deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) collected from various sites in Slovakia from this time. A total of 123 new samples of eight hippoboscid fly species were captured on 17 species, including 15 birds and two mammals. New host-parasite interactions were recorded for the first time. Ornithomya biloba (Dufour, 1827) with the Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lipoptena fortisetosa (Maa, 1965) with the Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1817) are new although it is unlikely that these birds are the host for these ectoparasites. Ornithoica turdi (Latreille, 1811) with the Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758, Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) with the Motacilla alba Linnaeus, 1758 and Curruca communis (Latham, 1787), and Ornithomya fringillina (Curtis, 1836) with the C. communis and Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) represent new parasite-host relations for Slovakia. O. avicularia was observed to attack humans, and L. fortisetosa was found on different bird hosts, creating a possible bridge for the transfer of avian and mammalian pathogens.
... The most important defining features of this family include host affinity and morphological characteristics, such as the presence, absence or reduction of the wing, veins and microtrichia on the wing, body shape and colour, and the presence of setae and other structures on the body, etc. (Povolný & Rosický 1955;Maa 1965;Chalupský 1980;Chalupský & Povolný 1983;Hutson 1984;Dosnažov 1987;Oboňa et al. 2022, etc.). The genus Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818, is represented by two species in Slovakia (Sychra 2009;Oboňa et al. 2019a). The first, L. fortisetosa Maa, 1965, is a relatively common but non-native species in Slovakia (Figure 1, right), distributed in the eastern Palaearctic region. ...
... In the past, it was frequently misidentified with L. cervi (Linnaeus, 1758), and appears to have a western distribution limit in Central Europe. This species is an ectoparasite of Cervidae and also attacks humans and birds (e.g., Ducháč & Bádr 1998;Oboňa et al. 2019aOboňa et al. , 2022. The second species is L. cervi, a relatively common species native to Central Europe, distributed in the Palaearctic region and introduced into the Nearctic region. ...
... The second species is L. cervi, a relatively common species native to Central Europe, distributed in the Palaearctic region and introduced into the Nearctic region. Similarly as L. fortisetosa, it is an ectoparasite of Cervidae and can also attacks humans (Krištofík 1998;Oboňa et al. 2019a). To a large extent, the main differences between the two species are in the chaetotaxy of the head and thorax (mesonotum) (Maa 1965;Chalupský 1980;Dosnažov 1987;Ducháč & Bádr 1998;Salvetti et al. 2020;Oboňa et al. 2022). ...
Keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are a very specific and undoubtedly interesting family of ectoparasitic dipterans. A morphometric analysis of the setae of Lipoptena fortisetosa (Maa, 1965) revealed considerable variability, with many setae often missing in each specimen. Therefore, it is advisable to select a smaller number of landmarks that are consistently present in all individuals. The analysis of the location of such head and thorax landmarks in L. fortisetosa indicated a significantly higher variability in females. The "ideal" individual is always characterized by 6 setae on the head and 22 on the thorax (4 humeral setae, 4 laterocentral setae, 8 postalar setae and 6 scutellar setae).
... Österreich und der Slowakei(Jentzsch et al. 2021, Oboňa et al. 2019, Pape et al. 2015.Andreas Stark (Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) und Sven Marotzke (Naturkundemuseum Berlin danken wir für die Suche nach Belegexemplaren. Franz Müller (Gersfeld) übermittelte regelmäßig Lausfliegen und darunter auch den hier vorgestellten deutschen Erstnachweis. ...
The checklist of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) of Germany includes 17 species. Two additional species have been published for Germany in the past but are insufficiently documented. Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) is recorded from Germany for the first time. A bibliography comprises 130 references documenting records of louse flies in Germany.
... Österreich und der Slowakei(Jentzsch et al. 2021, Oboňa et al. 2019, Pape et al. 2015.Andreas Stark (Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) und Sven Marotzke (Naturkundemuseum Berlin danken wir für die Suche nach Belegexemplaren. Franz Müller (Gersfeld) übermittelte regelmäßig Lausfliegen und darunter auch den hier vorgestellten deutschen Erstnachweis. ...
The checklist of louse flies (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) of Germany includes 17 species. Two additional species have been published for Germany in the past but are insufficiently documented. Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) is recorded from Germany for the first time. A bibliography comprises 130 references documenting records of louse flies in Germany.
... The monitoring of the Swiss population of Alpine swifts has established both fledging rates and population size trends throughout the years, indicating that, prior to 2022, cold and rainy weather conditions resulting in poor food availability (swifts feed exclusively on aerial insects) appeared to be the main influencing factor on fledging success (Arn-Willi, 1960). The only commonly reported parasites of Alpine swifts found throughout all Swiss colonies are Hippoboscid flies, specifically louse flies of the genus Crataerina, mainly C. melbae (Bize et al., 2003;Oboňa et al., 2019). This larviparous blood-sucking ectoparasite lays larvae that pupate immediately, overwinter in crevices around the nests, and hatch as adult louse flies in large numbers at the start of the breeding season to re-infest both adult and nestling swifts. ...
Alpine swifts (Tachymarptis melba) are sub-Saharan migratory birds, which, in Switzerland, nest in colonies that have been continuously monitored for over 40 years. In the summer of 2022, despite favourable environmental conditions, an unexpectedly high number of sudden mortalities (30–80%) occurred in 20 to 45-day-old nestlings from several nesting sites, of which 3 were monitored in detail. Nestlings submitted for post-mortem analysis (n = 5) were in good body condition but exhibited extensive subcutaneous haematomas (n = 5), myocardial petechiae (n = 2) and stunted growth of primary feathers (n = 1). In all birds, 4–5 μm large, amastigote-like protozoans were identified in skeletal and cardiac muscle sections. These tissues tested positive in a PCR targeting the 18S-rRNA gene of Trypanosoma spp. Amplified sequences showed 99.63% identity with sequences of Trypanosoma corvi (JN006854 and AY461665) and Trypanosoma sp. (AJ620557, JN006841). 72 blood smears of 45-day-old nestlings from two colonies were assessed, of which 20 contained trypomastigote forms, some with high parasitaemia (highest average of 56.4 in 10 high power fields, 400x magnification). Trypomastigote morphometrics (n = 36; mean total length = 30.0 μm; length of free flagellum = 5.8 μm) were consistent with those of T. bouffardi. These findings suggest that an avian trypanosomiasis causing mass nestling mortality could be an emerging disease in Swiss Alpine swift populations.
