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Lakes are the most important freshwater resources for humans. It is stated that together with population growth, unplanned urbanization, excessive water consumption, industrialization, and unconscious irrigation, global climate change causes changes in the water levels and volumes of lakes. Lake Eğirdir in Turkey, which is important in terms of dri...
Citations
... The Kendall correlation test is also a non-parametric test for measuring the degree of relationship between two variables [44]. The Spearman rank correlation is satisfactory for testing the null hypothesis of no monotonic relationship between variables, but is more difficult to interpret if the null hypothesis is rejected. ...
The growing demand for energy is accelerating the process of consuming non-renewable energy sources, so special attention should be paid to the development of renewable energy as the energy obtained from renewable energy sources (RES) will reduce the consumption of primary raw materials and reduce emissions of harmful substances entering the atmosphere. The aim of this article is thus to investigate the attitude of Polish consumers towards renewable energy sources and to discover the relationship between the level of awareness and other factors such as age and education. The results of the research revealed that there was a correlation between the age and level of education of the respondents and their willingness to consider the issues related to renewable energy sources and implement solutions in their households that take into account the consumption of natural energy sources (p-value of the significance test for age is 0.0001227, and p-values of independence test for the level of education are 0.00013). The discovery of such correlations will allow knowing in which direction the efforts should be intensified in order to reach the largest part of society.
Current river assessment methods focus on evaluating a single aspect (e.g. the physical and chemical quality of the water or its hydromorphological state) and usually do not integrate various factors. The lack of an interdisciplinary method makes it difficult to correctly assess the condition of a river as a complex ecosystem significantly influenced by humans. This study aimed to develop a novel Comprehensive Assessment of Lowland Rivers (CALR) method. It is designed to integrate and evaluate all-natural and anthropopressure-related elements that influence a river. The CALR method was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The application of the AHP allowed the assessment factors to be determined and given weights to define the importance of each assessment element. As a result of AHP analyses, the following ranks were determined for the six main parts of the CALR method: hydrodynamic assessment (0.212), hydromorphological assessment (0.194), macrophyte assessment (0.192), water quality assessment (0.171), hydrological assessment (0.152) hydrotechnical structures assessment (0.081). In the comprehensive assessment of lowland rivers, each of the six elements listed above is rated on a scale of 1-5 (where 5 means very good and 1 bad) and multiplied by an appropriate weighting. After summing up the obtained results, a final value is obtained, classifying the river. CALR can be successfully applied to all lowland rivers thanks to its relatively simple methodology. The widespread use of the CALR method may facilitate the assessment process and enable the comparison of the condition of lowland rivers worldwide. The research conducted in this article is one of the first attempts to develop a comprehensive method for evaluating rivers that considers all aspects.
