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Background and objectives: Aroma therapy is a complementary therapy using essential oils diluted with carrier oils. Jojoba oils have been widely used as carrier oils. However, limited information is available regarding their effects on blood biochemical parameters. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transdermal administration of jojoba o...
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... oil is a fatty acid-containing wax ester and is different from common vegetable oils, rich in triglycerides. Based on the manufacturer's package insert, the ingredients of jojoba oil used in this study are listed in Table 1. Mice were topically administered 4 µL of jojoba oil (Kenso-Igakusha, Yamanashi, Japan; Lot. ...Context 2
... not all compounds can penetrate the skin, and a characteristic molecular weight of 500 Da or less is important for transdermal absorption [40]. As shown in Table 1, the molecular weights of fatty acids contained in jojoba oil are less than 500 Da. However, fatty acids contained in jojoba oil are present as wax esters, and it remains unclear whether wax esters are degraded into fatty acids and alcohols by the skin microflora. ...Citations
... Эфирные масла обычно разбавленны базовыми маслами, например в ароматерапии. Поэтому необходимо оценивать влияние масел-носителей на лекарственный процесс [74]. Причем, наряду с тем, что они способны облегчить проникновение Бав, в организм через кожу, эфирные масла обладают антисептическим, противопаразитарным, противовирусным, противогрибковым и антибактериальным действием, способностью к улучшению заживлению ран, лечению дерматита и ряда других [75 -81]. ...
The article examines a number of compounds with UV protective activity. Literature data on the use of organic synthetic compounds, mainly benzophenones, including dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, oxybenzone and avobenzone, as well as cinnamates, salicylates, and PABA derivatives are described. It has been shown that, along with UV-protective activity, they also have side effects that are very harmful to the body. It is more advisable to use natural organic compounds. The possibility of using free fatty acids, their mono- and diglycerides and triglycerides is discussed in detail and justified. They contain certain amounts of lipids, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, phospholipids, free sterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols, triterpene alcohols, hydrocarbons, carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins and a number of other compounds that exhibit activity against solar radiation. A similar effect is also considered when using essential oils oils. Along with similar activity, oils are used as promoters of the penetration of active substances through the skin and stratum corneum. When acids are applied to the skin, its permeability increases and the content of certain substances contained in medicinal and cosmetic forms for topical use increases in the lower layers of the skin. The data presented indicate the advisability of using organic acids.
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The article examines a number of compounds with UV protective activity. Literature data on the use of organic synthetic compounds, mainly benzophenones, including dioxybenzone, sulisobenzone, oxybenzone and avobenzone, as well as cinnamates, salicylates, and PABA derivatives are described. It has been shown that, along with UV-protective activity, they also have side effects that are very harmful to the body. It is more advisable to use natural organic compounds. The possibility of using free fatty acids, their mono- and diglycerides and triglycerides is discussed in detail and justified. They contain certain amounts of lipids, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, phospholipids, free sterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols, triterpene alcohols, hydrocarbons, carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins and a number of other compounds that exhibit activity against solar radiation. A similar effect is also considered when using essential oils oils. Along with similar activity, oils are used as promoters of the penetration of active substances through the skin and stratum corneum. When acids are applied to the skin, its permeability increases and the content of certain substances contained in medicinal and cosmetic forms for topical use increases in the lower layers of the skin. The data presented indicate the advisability of using organic acids.
... The main constituents of the purchased jojoba oil are eicosenoic acid (72.7%), erucic acid (12.5%), and oleic acid (10.6%). This composition is slightly different from those reported in previous investigations [41,42] due to the geographic origin of the jojoba seed itself. The dominant presence of monounsaturated fatty esters in jojoba oil composition along with small traces of saturated pentadecanoic acid and palmitic acid implies high oxidation stability levels. ...
In recent years, bio-lubricants have received a growing interest for industrial applications. Still, a full-scale implementation in machinery lubrication requires a thorough evaluation of their performance through tribological and operational tests to stand upon their performance. Additionally, the promising outcomes achieved by nanoadditives in improving the performance of synthetic lubricants have prompted research efforts to identify suitable nanoadditives for bio-grease. This paper introduces a bio-grease from a hybrid vegetable oil and glycerol monostearate as a thickener for the lubrication of rolling bearings. Activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) as nanoadditives were synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into the bio-grease at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2% by weight. Tribo-tests were conducted on these bio-grease blends, and running tests were carried out using 6006 ball bearings on a custom test rig. Throughout a 30-min test run under a radial load of 10% of the bearing’s dynamic load rating, mechanical vibrations and power consumption were measured and analyzed for each bearing. The bio-grease with ACNPs exhibited a substantial reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD) and coefficient of friction (COF), achieving improvements of up to 73.6 and 65%, respectively, in comparison to lithium grease. Furthermore, the load carrying capacity was enhanced by 200%. The study revealed a strong correlation between measured vibration amplitudes and the viscosity of the bio-grease. The absence of high frequency resonant bands in vibration spectra indicated that the test grease samples satisfied the conditions of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, and these findings were corroborated through calculations of the minimum oil film thickness.
... (Z)-11-Eicosenoic acid is an unsaturated omega-9 FA similar to human sebum, which acquires high absorption in human skin owing to its dermatological characteristics. The higher content of (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid in the oils makes it an ideal candidate for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries [103]. Jojoba oil-based cosmetic formulations are more resistant to oxidation than other lipids used for this purpose. ...
The fatty acid (FA) compositions of thirty-nine vegetable oils and fats, including nangai nut, pili nut, shea butter, tamanu oil, baobab, sea buckthorn berry, Brazil nut, grape seed, black seed, evening primrose, passion fruit, milk thistle, sunflower, pumpkin seed, sesame, soybean, flax seed, kukui, red raspberry seed, walnut, chia seed, hemp seed, rosehip, almond, avocado, carrot seed, moringa, apricot kernel, camellia seed, macadamia, olive, marula, argan, castor, jojoba, pomegranate seed, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) coconut, roasted coconut, canola, and mustard oil, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vegetable oils and fats have different profiles in terms of their fatty acid composition, and their major constituents vary significantly. However, we categorized them into different classes based on the percentages of different fatty acids they contain. The saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, are the main categories. Among them, roasted coconut oil contained the greatest amount of saturated fatty acids followed by nangai nut (45.61%). Passion fruit oil contained the largest amount of linoleic acid (66.23%), while chia seed oil had the highest content of linolenic acid (58.25%). Oleic acid was exclusively present in camellia seed oil, constituting 78.57% of its composition. Notably, mustard oil had a significant presence of erucic acid (54.32%), while pomegranate seed oil exclusively contained punicic acid (74.77%). Jojoba oil primarily consisted of (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid (29.55%) and (Z)-docos-13-en-1-ol (27.96%). The major constituent in castor oil was ricinoleic acid (89.89%). Compared with other vegetable oils and fats, pili nut oil contained a significant amount of (E)-FA (20.62%), followed by sea buckthorn berry oil with a content of 9.60%. FA compositions from sources may be problematic in the human diet due to no labeling or the absence of essential components. Therefore, consumers must cast an eye over some essential components consumed in their dietary intake.
... From the supplier data, the main constituents of the tested jojoba oil samples are eicosenoic acid (72.7%), erucic acid (12.5%), and oleic acid (10.6%). This composition is close to those reported in previous investigations 46,[58][59][60] indicating that jojoba oil composition slightly differs based on the planting origin. The presence of 95% monounsaturated fatty esters along with approximately 5% pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the composition of jojoba oil indicates sufficient oxidation stability levels. ...
This paper presents a novel grease from jojoba oil and activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) extracted from banana peel waste. The raw jojoba oil and ACNPs are first characterized for structural properties. Samples of jojoba grease blended with 0.5 and 1.5 wt. % ACNPs are prepared and tested for physicochemical and tribological properties as compared to plain jojoba grease. Adding ACNPs to jojoba grease improves corrosion resistance from grade 2c to 1a while increasing the dropping point from 100 to 109 °C. ACNPs enhanced the viscosity of jojoba oil by up to 33% for testing temperature range of 40–100 °C. The load-carrying capacity of jojoba grease is increased by about 60% when blended with 1.5 wt.% ACNPs. The same blending decreased both the coefficient of friction and the wear scar diameter by 38% and 24%, respectively. A customized test rig is used to test the effectiveness of the grease samples in rolling bearing lubrication in terms of vibration levels and power consumption. The novel jojoba grease proved to show exceptional reductions power consumption reaching 25%. The vibration spectra show the absence of resonant peaks at high frequencies suggesting the capability of jojoba grease to form a stable full film lubrication.
... When used as an emollient, jojoba oil exhibits first-rate lubricity, without having an oily or greasy texture, in single-segment and emulsion structures. It can also contribute to the skin's effective water regulation during transpiration, reducing evaporation without obstructing the passage of gases or water vapor [135][136][137][138]. According to a study, jojoba oil (or its ozonized or hydrogenated derivatives) has emollient properties. ...
Human skin pigmentation and melanin synthesis are incredibly variable, and are impacted by genetics, UV exposure, and some drugs. Patients’ physical appearance, psychological health, and social functioning are all impacted by a sizable number of skin conditions that cause pigmentary abnormalities. Hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced, are the two major classifications of skin pigmentation. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison’s disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosinase, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan. This review article explores the numerous types of pigmentation problems, their causes, and treatments, as well as the 25 plants, 4 marine species, and 17 topical and oral medications now on the market that have been clinically tested to treat skin diseases.
... A study was conducted to measure the influences of transdermal administration of jojoba oil on lipid metabolism in mice. The results showed elevated levels of serum non-esterified fatty acid 30 min after oil application, which may be attributed to both improved lipolysis in the liver and diminished fatty acid trafficking in the skin (Matsumoto et al., 2019). ...
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneider (Jojoba) is a valuable shrub that can bear harsh conditions and is cultivated in many countries globally. Its prominence originates from the unique oil that constitutes more than 50% of the seeds. The great economic value of jojoba oil is highlighted in many fields, especially the cosmetic industry. The remaining meal, which is rich in proteins, constitutes a good source for cattle feeding. However, the presence of antinutritional principles in the meal limited its use and encouraged the researchers to find different ways for its detoxification. The detoxification ways of jojoba meal included physical, biological, and chemical treatments. The phytochemical composition of the oil was deeply studied, but for the remaining plant, only few studies have reported its chemical composition. Jojoba oil composed of wax esters (97%), fatty acids, fatty alcohols, sterols, and small percentage of vitamin E. Jojoba possesses a long traditional history. It has been used in folklore for treatment of cold, dysuria, and obesity. Many recent studies reported its medicinal and pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti‐acne, anti‐psoriasis, wound healing, and hepatoprotective activities. Many of these biological activities have been attributed to the presence of several phytochemicals such as simmondsin and phenolic compounds. In this review, the authors will highlight the previous phytochemical studies, medicinal applications of jojoba oil and different plant parts, and the various ways of meal detoxification.
... [130][131][132] When used as an emollient, jojoba oil exhibits first-rate lubricity without having an oily or greasy texture in single-segment and emulsion structures. It can also contribute to the skin's effective water regulation during transpiration, reducing evaporation without obstructing the passage of gases or water vapor [133][134][135][136]. According to a study, jojoba oil (or its ozonized or hydrogenated derivatives) has emollient properties. ...
Humans have extremely variable skin pigmentation and melanin production influenced by genetics, UV exposure, and some medications. A significant number of skin illnesses that result in pigmentary abnormalities have an impact on patients’ physical appearance as well as their psychological and social well-being. Skin pigmentation can be divided into two basic categories: hyperpigmentation, where pigment appears to overflow, and hypopigmentation, where pigment is reduced. Albinism, melasma, vitiligo, Addison's disease, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can be brought on by eczema, acne vulgaris, and drug interactions, are the most common skin pigmentation disorders in clinical practice. Anti-inflammatory medications, antioxidants, and medications that inhibit tyrosine, which prevents the production of melanin, are all possible treatments for pigmentation problems. Skin pigmentation can be treated orally and topically with medications, herbal remedies, and cosmetic products, but a doctor should always be consulted before beginning any new medicine or treatment plan. This review article explores the numerous types of pigmentation problems, their causes, and treatments, as well as the 25 plants, four marine species, and 17 topical and oral medications now on the market that have been clinically tested to treat skin diseases.
... According to a 2019 survey conducted by a Japanese academic organization, jojoba oil is the most widely used for diluting essential oils among aromatherapists [12]. Jojoba oil is a wax ester that differs in composition from common vegetable oils rich in triglycerides [13]. ...
Clary sage oil is commonly used in complementary and alternative medicine to treat menopausal symptoms. However, whether sclareol, which is considered to have estrogen-like effects, can be absorbed transdermally remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we applied sclareol dissolved in jojoba oil to the dorsal skin of male Hos-HR-1 mice 30 min before blood sampling. We examined whether sclareol can be detected in the plasma because of transdermal absorption using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The concentration of sclareol in plasma and liver samples calculated based on the measured sample concentration and the recovery rate was 0.36 ± 0.08 and 1.69 ± 0.32 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the plasma sclareol concentration and hepatic homogenate sclareol concentration. Our findings indicate that sclareol is absorbed transdermally and accumulates in the liver. Moreover, the lack of change in plasma blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels among the three groups indicates that there was no hepatic or renal damage due to transdermal absorption of sclareol in Hos-HR-1 mice. However, further validation in humans is required because the thickness of the dermis and the number of pores significantly differ between mice and humans.
... Fig. 2 Two pairs of class A evaporation pans at Chitgar Lake, One pair on the ground and another one semifloating on the water body acid that has the same chain length as stearyl alcohol (Zhen et al. 2015), and can improve the interaction between film molecules and the subfilm water (Brzozowska et al. 2012). Jojoba oil is a natural liquid (Matsumoto et al. 2019) mostly composed of esters with a chain length of 40 and 42 carbons (Sánchez et al. 2015) with high oxidant and temperature stability (Le Dréau et al. 2009;Sánchez et al. 2016), so that they can be used as evaporation mitigation material. Additives like calcium hydroxide (CH) can be used to overcome difficulties of practical films such as loss from water surface and low respreading rate (Barnes 2008;Mozafari et al. 2019). ...
Controlling evaporation plays an essential role in arid and semi-arid water resources systems where it accounts for a considerable amount of reservoirs outflow. In this study, we have evaluated evaporation reduction efficiency of different kinds of self-assembled nano-thickness films. The films consist of six different combinations of stearyl and cetyl alcohols with additives such as jojoba oil, stearic acid, and calcium hydroxide. The study lasted from July to August and utilized two pairs of class A evaporation pans: one pair was semi-floating on Chitgar lake water surface while the other one was located on the shore. The experimental results showed that a monolayer containing 3:1 stearyl to cetyl alcohols with 60% weight of calcium hydroxide had the best performance and could reduce evaporation up to 50% during its three-day lifetime. The study indicated that while the films had no significant side effects on lake water pH, turbidity, and total suspended solids, a slight increase in water surface temperature was observed. It can be concluded that application of such monolayers in areas suffering from high evaporation could be conducive to better water resources management.
