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It is noted that the head and face shapes of humans from different ethnic groups vary markedly. The cause of these variations has been attributed to several environmental factors. Measurements of these indexes become a necessity to prove that individuals from a particular ethnic group have similar head and face forms.
The present study was aimed at...
Citations
... Efiks speak the Efik language which is a Benue-Congo language of Cross River family. The Ibibio people are from South-South geopolitical zone in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria [9]. ...
Background: The ear and face are indispensable and distinctive features for hearing and identification. Objectives: This study was designed to generate anthropometric data of the ear and facial indices of females of Efik and Ibibio children in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, show morphological and aesthetic differences and ethnicity. Methods: A total of 600 female children (300 Efiks and 300 Ibibios) aged 2 to 10 years that met the inclusion criteria were chosen from selected primary schools in Calabar Municipality, Calabar South of Cross River State and from Uyo, Itu of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Standardized measurements of face length, face width, ear length, and ear width were taken with a spreading caliper; the facial (proscopic) and ear (auricular) indices were determined. Results: Efik subjects presented a mean face length of 8.36 ± 0.06 cm, face width of 11.04 ± 0.04 cm, ear length of 4.92 ± 0.02 cm, and ear width of 3.06 ± 0.01 cm. Ibibio subjects had mean values for face length, face width, ear length, and ear width as 8.17 ± 0.05 cm, 10.75 ± 0.05 cm, 4.77 ± 0.03 cm, and 2.94 ± 0.02 cm respectively. The mean facial index and ear index for Efik subjects were 75.68 ± 0.31 and 62.16 ± 0.27 respectively ; while the mean facial and ear indices for Ibibio subjects were 74.79 ± 0.36 and 61.80 ± 0.34 respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in face length, ear length, ear width and facial index, with the Efik subjects having higher values than Ibibio subjects (p < 0.05), indicating some levels of ethnic variation. Conclusion: The results showed hypereurypros-copic face as the prevalent face type among females of both ethnic groups, therefore can be of importance in sex, ethnic, and racial differentiation, and in clinical practice, aesthetics and forensic medicine. How to cite this paper: Umoh, N.M.,
... Oria et al. reported that the primary face type of Idoma people in Benue state was hyperleptoprosopic. [20] Similarly, hyperleptoprosopic face type was reported by Ojieh et al. among the Ukwanis people in Delta state, [21] and Raji et al. reported similar findings in a North-Eastern population [22] in Nigeria, in accord with the current findings. Thus, using facial indices, the current results may be useful ...
The face is an important physiognomic feature in humans, and facial anthropometric variables are valuable biometric physiognomies that vary with age, sex, and ethnicity. This study aimed to establish a standard for determining the extent of sexual dimorphism and study the distribution of basic face types by comparison with other ethnic groups in Benue State and Nigeria as a whole. A sample of 450 indigenous people from the Benue State volunteered to participate in this study. The cohort included 150 Tiv, 150 Idoma, and 150 Igede people, between the age group of 18 and 35 years. Participants were randomly recruited from the entire geographical locations of the state, using the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric variables were measured using a digital sliding caliper including facial length (FL) (measured from the trichion to the gnathion) and facial width (FW) (measured as the bizygomatic width, between the right and left zygion). Cephalofacial indices were calculated from these variables. The results revealed significant differences in some of the measured variables between males and females across the various ethnic groups in Benue State, including variation in FL and FW. The comparative results for various ethnicities in Benue State (Tiv, Idoma, and Igede people) also showed a positive correlation between FL and FW, which could be used to predict cephalofacial indices among Tiv, Idoma, and Igede ethnic groups in this area. These results indicate that the dominant facial index among Idoma and Igede people was leptoprosopic (long face) while that among Tiv people is mesoprosopic (round face). The current findings could be useful for elucidating the sex differences and ancestral relationships, as well as for forensic anthropology, reconstructive surgery, and anthropometric considerations for the three ethnic groups in Benue State, Nigeria.
Anthropometric measurement of parameters like Facial and nasal indices provides vital information which can be used in plastic surgery and understanding the diagnosis between patients and the normal population. This study was carried out to establish the facial and nasal indices in Idoma ethnic group of Benue state.
Four hundred (400) subjects (200 male and 200 females) between the ages of 18-35yrs were used for this study. Facial measurement was done using a spreading caliper and nasal measurement was done using vernier
caliper.
Our result revealed that mean facial index for male and female of Idoma ethnic group was 96.94 ± 0.80 and 95.00 ± 0.87 respectively and t-Test result revealed that the difference was statistically significant at p<0.05.
Furthermore, the mean nasal index for male and female subjects of Idoma ethnic group was 85.60 ±
1.15 and 84.62 ± 0.73 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).
However, the mean nasal index for the Idoma ethnic group was 85.11 ± 1.70 whereas their mean facial index was 95.97 ± 1.83.
Consequently, from the nasal and facial indices calculated, the Idoma ethnic group can be classified under
platyrrhine nose type and hyperleptoprosopic face type respectively.
This study will be useful to the bioanthropologist, forensic scientist and plastic surgeons.
Keywords: Anthropometry, facial index, nasal index, Platyrrhine, Hyperleptoprosopic, Idoma ethnic group.
