FIGURE 1 - uploaded by Cahyana Herry
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The identification of fruit-bark of Melinjo was carried out using fractionation column chromatography resulted in 3 isolates A-C with presumption of containing five stilbene derivatives compounds (isorhapontigenin, resveratrol, gnetin D, gnetifolin K, gnetol) and one lignan compound ((+)-lirioresinol B) based on the results of the characterization...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... main spots in TLC chromatogram was observed to develop an orange color. Gradient elution resulted in three isolate fractions (A-C). The UV-Vis analysis of isolates were as follows: A (221; 284 nm), B (222; 279 nm) and C (220; 285 nm). Functional group analysis (see Fig. 1) signified the presence of OH group at around 3300 cm -1 and C-H olefinic at 3060 cm -1 . Identification of natural product isolated from Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) was performed and the data is listed in Table 1. Five compounds were identified as stilbene derivatives, including isorhapontigenin, resveratrol, gnetifolin K, gnetin D and ...
Citations
... piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, or gnetol). 2 Among hydroxylated stilbenes, information about the activity and characterization of gnetol (trans-2 0 ,3,5,6 0 -tetrahydroxystilbene) is scarce and is mainly related to Gnetum plant extracts instead of the isolated compound. [7][8][9] Even so, it has been described that gnetol inhibits cyclooxygenase-1, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, histone deacetylase, and cytochrome P450s 2C9 and 3A4, which could indicate that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, cardioprotective and anti-cancer activity. 10 Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that, despite being less bioavailable than resveratrol, gnetol has a longer half-life after oral administration in rats. 2 However, the applications of gnetol as a bioactive ingredient in functional foods may be limited due to the low water solubility of this family of compounds. ...
BACKGROUND
Gnetol is a stilbene whose characterization and bioactivity have been poorly studied. It shares some bioactivities with its analogue resveratrol, such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐thrombotic, cardioprotective and anti‐cancer activities. However, the low solubility of stilbenes may limit their potential applications in functional foods. Encapsulation in cyclodextrins could be a solution.
RESULTS
The antioxidant activity of gnetol was evaluated by 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods (Trolox equivalents 13.48 μmol L⁻¹ and 37.08 μmol L⁻¹ respectively at the highest concentration) and it was higher than that of resveratrol, and depending on the method, similar or higher to that of oxyresveratrol. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric characterization of gnetol is published for the first time. Moreover, its water solubility was determined and improved almost threefold after its molecular encapsulation in cyclodextrins, as well as its stability after storage for a week. A physicochemical and computational study revealed that cyclodextrins complex gnetol in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with better affinity for like 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (KF = 4542.90 ± 227.15 mol⁻¹ L). Temperature and pH affected the encapsulation constants.
CONCLUSION
These results could increase interest of gnetol as an alternative to the most studied stilbene, resveratrol, as well as aid in the development of more stable inclusion complexes that improve its aqueous solubility and stability so that it can be incorporated into functional foods. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
... The dichloromethane extract of seed contain trans-resveratrol, piceid, gnetin C, gnetol, isorhapontigenin, E-viniferin, gnemonol L, and gnemonol (Hafidz et al. 2017). Seed coat: Seed coat contains phenolic (3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid, resveratrol, 3-methoxyresveratrol) (Atuna et al. 2007), and stilbene derivative (isorhapontigaenin, resveratrol, gnetin D, gnetifolin K, gnetol) and lignan compound ((+)-lirioresinol B) (Cahyana and Ardiansah 2015). ...
... The dichloromethane extract of seed contain trans-resveratrol, piceid, gnetin C, gnetol, isorhapontigenin, E-viniferin, gnemonol L, and gnemonol (Hafidz et al. 2017). Seed coat: Seed coat contains phenolic (3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid, resveratrol, 3-methoxyresveratrol) (Atuna et al. 2007), and stilbene derivative (isorhapontigaenin, resveratrol, gnetin D, gnetifolin K, gnetol) and lignan compound ((+)-lirioresinol B) (Cahyana and Ardiansah 2015). ...
... The dichloromethane extract of seed contain trans-resveratrol, piceid, gnetin C, gnetol, isorhapontigenin, E-viniferin, gnemonol L, and gnemonol (Hafidz et al. 2017). Seed coat: Seed coat contains phenolic (3,4-dimethoxychlorogenic acid, resveratrol, 3-methoxyresveratrol) (Atuna et al. 2007), and stilbene derivative (isorhapontigaenin, resveratrol, gnetin D, gnetifolin K, gnetol) and lignan compound ((+)-lirioresinol B) (Cahyana and Ardiansah 2015). ...
... The in vitro free radical scavenging activity of (E)-1,3-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and 2,2'-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-dyl)diphenol were screened using DPPH method according to our previous work [13,15]. Briefly, a stock solution of the compounds (various concentrations) were blended with ethanolic solution of DPPH (0.5 mL, 0.01 mM) in 5 mL of final mixture and allowed to react at room temperature. ...
Heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of a pyrazoline derivative, 2,2’-(4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3,5-dyl)diphenol from the reaction between (E)-1,3-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and hydrazine hydrate has been done using sodium impregnated on the activated chicken eggshells (Na-ACE). The agreement of the product structure was confirmed using FTIR, UV-Vis, and LC-ESI-MS instruments. This pyrazoline derivative has a significant activity to scavenge free radical of DPPH model in ethanol solution.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer suffered in women. Chemotherapy usage often causes physical and psychological side effects in patients. This study aims to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) on HeLa cervical cancer cells through in vitro and in silico assays. Melinjo seed was extracted by maceration using ethanol 70% and fractionated with ethyl acetate to obtain the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Melinjo Seed (EAFMS). The identification of the active compounds group was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In vitro studies were conducted on antioxidant tests using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and cytotoxic activity test using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. In silico test for molecular docking analyzed by Autodock Vina method. The TLC analysis of EAFMS showed the presence of the stilbenoid compounds group. The antioxidant activity of EAFMS is weak, with an IC50 value of 175.8 g/ml. Cytotoxic activity of EAFMS is categorized as toxic to HeLa cancer cells with an IC50 value of 21.69 g/ml, while EAFMS has a synergistic effect combined with doxorubicin as a standard drug with a combination index (CI) value of 0.24-0.80. A molecular docking test of gnetin C with VHR receptor found a strong and stable bond with a docking score of -8.3 kcal/mol. Thus, EAFMS has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent for cervical cancer and can be combined with doxorubicin.
The sayur asem is one of the traditional Indonesian dishes, especially the Betawi ethnic group. This study aims to document the local knowledge of vegetable traders in the Kranggan Mas market, the diversity of plants used as an ingredient in sayur asem. The method used in this research was a survey. Data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The sayur asem is a soup-like vegetable that has a sour taste with the main ingredients of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) leaves and seeds and tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica). The total of 13 species belonging 12 genera and 10 families used to process of making sayur asem. The part of used to process of making sayur asem is dominated by fruits (8 species), followed leaves and tubers (each 2 species). The melinjo (G. gnemon) is the main ingredient in the making of sayur asem, while Alphinia galanga, Syzygium polianthum and Tamarindus indica are the main spices with a larger volume. The main ingredients and seasonings used mostly have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and are therefore very good at supporting digestive tract health and providing healthful effects.Keywords: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, gnetum gnemom, tamarindus indica
Pratiwi RA, Nurlaeni Y. 2020. Screening of plant collection of Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesia with anticancer properties. Biodiversitas 21: 5186-5229. Cancer is a life-threatening disease worldwide. One approach to developing effective treatment in fighting cancerous cells is to obtain anticancer drug candidates from natural resources, such as plants. This study aimed to inventory and categorize plant collections in Cibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG), West Java, Indonesia that has anticancer properties in a detailed and comprehensive manner. Literature research was conducted in international scientific databases using several keywords expressing anticancer properties to produce list of plant species potential for anticancer. The results of this research were then cross-checked with the plant collection database of CBG. List of plants exhibits anticancer activities were then categorized based on the IC50 values (an indicator of cytotoxicity). Our result showed 291 species from 90 families of CBG plant collection harbor anticancer properties. Among them, 93, 100, 36, and 62 species have IC50 values under Class I (strong), Class II (moderate), Class III (inactive), and Class IV (insufficient IC50 data), respectively. The families with the highest number of potential anticancer plants are Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Moraceae, Cupressaceae, Asparagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Compositae, Clusiaceae, Lamiaceae, Apocynaceae, Adoxaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Elaeocarpaceae. Species that have strong anticancer activities include Acacia farnesiana, Aglaia edulis, A. elliptica, A. silvestris, Artocarpus elasticus, Bauhinia strychnifolia, Buxus microphylla, Calophyllum soulattri, Cerbera manghas, Cocculus orbiculatus, Cryptocarya chinensis, C. konishii, C. laevigata, Dalbergia parviflora, Diospyros discolor, Erythrina abyssinica, Etlingera elatior, Ficus fistulosa, Garcinia x mangostana, Hemerocallis fulva, Jatropha gossypiifolia, Panax ginseng, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Psidium cattleianum, Sansevieria ehrenbergii, Tacca chantrieri, Toona sinensis, Viburnum odoratissimum, and V. Sambucinum. Even Serenoa repens and Taxus sumatrana contain active compounds that have been commercialized as anticancer drugs. The data resulted from this study can serve as baseline information for further research in drug discovery and development for anticancer treatments using living plant specimens collected in CBG. CBG has a great prospect of medicinal plants that require further studies for formulating anticancer drug as an alternative natural resource.
The development of a recyclable catalyst based on magnetic nanoparticles has attracted an increasing interest as the emerging application in the heterogeneous catalyst field. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle with citric acid as capping agent was successfully obtained from iron (III) chloride solution via two steps synthesis. The first step involving the formation of magnetite nanoparticle by bioreduction using Sargassum Sp, then its surface was modified by adding citric acid solution in the second step. The structural, surface morphology and magnetic properties of the nanocatalyst were investigated by various instrumentations such as scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive (SEM-EDS), and particle size analyser (PSA). Fe3O4-CA was then applied as reusable catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation of barbituric acid and cinnamaldehyde to produce (E)-5-(3-phenylallylidene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione. The optimum condition of this reaction was achieved by using 7.5% mole of catalyst at 50°C for 6 h to give 83% yield. Some spectroscopy techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, LC-MS and ¹H-NMR were used to confirm the product's structure. Furthermore, the synthesized compound has an attractive antioxidant activity based on the in-vitro analysis using DPPH method.
