Figure 3 - uploaded by Maria De Luca
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FHV-injected cohorts display higher mortality compared to controls throughout the experiment, and mortality of young and aged cohorts is comparable among treatment groups. (A) Bar graphs showing the distribution of individual survival within each 'Treatment' group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-treatment in both young and old flies (n = 40 starting in each age-by-treatment group). (B) Survival curves comparing mortality of Tris-and FHV-injected flies recorded during the respirometry experiment (n = 40 flies per experimental condition) and during an independent survival assay carried in parallel (n = 30 flies per experimental condition). A significant difference between 5-and 30-days-old flies is observed following FHV infection (p < 0.0001), but not Tris injection (p = 0.648) in the parallel survival assay, based on a log-rank test. At 3 days post-treatment, no significant difference is observed between young and aged FHVinfected flies in both the respirometry experiment (p = 0.827) and the parallel survival assay (p = 0.562) based on a log-rank test.
Source publication
Aging is accompanied by increased susceptibility to infections including with viral pathogens resulting in higher morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Significant changes in host metabolism can take place following virus infection. Efficient immune responses are energetically costly, and viruses divert host molecular resources to promote thei...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... shown in Figure 3A, prior to the 24 h measurements, no mortality was observed in any 'Treatment' group. However, at 48 h a total of 44 flies had died with significant differences by treatment (χ 2 (2) = 9.07, p = 0.011): more FHV injected flies (29%) had died compared to Ni (11%) and Tris-injected controls (15%). ...
Context 2
... rationale for the additional experiment was that in our previous work [19] all survival assays were done at a lower temperature (22°C), while the assessment of mortality in the course of the respirometry experiment herein was done at 25°C. We found that mortality of the young and aged cohorts is comparable in Tris-injected flies (Logrank test p = 0.648), but does differ significantly in FHV-injected flies (Log-rank test p < 0.0001) ( Figure 3B). However, at the first 72 h post-treatment in the survival experiment (consistent with the timeframe of the microplate measurements), we observed comparable survival between young (96.67% survival) and aged (93.33% survival) FHV-injected cohorts (log-rank test p = 0.562). ...
Context 3
... at the first 72 h post-treatment in the survival experiment (consistent with the timeframe of the microplate measurements), we observed comparable survival between young (96.67% survival) and aged (93.33% survival) FHV-injected cohorts (log-rank test p = 0.562). Both young and aged Tris-injected cohorts displayed 100% survival at 72 h post-treatment ( Figure 3B). When plotted on the same graph, the values of % flies surviving Tris or FHV infection from the respirometry experiment also showed no significant difference as a function of age (Tris: Log-rank test p = 0.295 and FHV: Log-rank test p = 0.827). ...
Context 4
... plotted on the same graph, the values of % flies surviving Tris or FHV infection from the respirometry experiment also showed no significant difference as a function of age (Tris: Log-rank test p = 0.295 and FHV: Log-rank test p = 0.827). We note, however, that the flies involved in the respirometry measurements experienced an accelerated mortality rate compared to the survival experiment (Tris Young: logrank test p = 0.002, Tris Aged: log-rank test p = 0.017, FHV Young: log-rank test p < 0.0001 and FHV Aged: log-rank test p < 0.0001) ( Figure 3B). These results suggest that the experimental conditions used in the respirometry experiment are associated with increased mortality. ...
Citations
... Subsequently, we assessed the metabolic rate by monitoring the whole-body consumption rate of each fly using the Loligo Microplate (24-well plate) Respirometry System (Loligo ® Systems, Viborg, Denmark) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Small Animal Phenotyping Core. The protocol details are reported in [43]. Briefly, oxygen concentration was measured in each well for 60 min, with the first 30 min of measurements excluded from the analysis to allow each fly to acclimate in a new environment and thereby minimize stress. ...
Evidence suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may increase metabolic rate by promoting thermogenesis, potentially through enhanced fat oxidation and improved insulin. More research is, however, needed to understand this intricate process. In this study, we used 22 lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel to assess the metabolic rate of virgin female and male flies that were either fed a standard medium or received lisinopril for one week or five weeks. We demonstrated that lisinopril affects the whole-body metabolic rate in Drosophila melanogaster in a genotype-dependent manner. However, the effects of genotypes are highly context-dependent, being influenced by sex and age. Our findings also suggest that lisinopril may increase the Drosophila metabolic rate via the accumulation of a bradykinin-like peptide, which, in turn, enhances cold tolerance by upregulating Ucp4b and Ucp4c genes. Finally, we showed that knocking down Ance, the ortholog of mammalian ACE in Malpighian/renal tubules and the nervous system, leads to opposite changes in metabolic rate, and that the effect of lisinopril depends on Ance in these systems, but in a sex- and age-specific manner. In conclusion, our results regarding D. melanogaster support existing evidence of a connection between ACEI drugs and metabolic rate while offering new insights into this relationship.
