Fig 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Experimental design and previously observed data pattern. (A) Movements began in a starting area in the lower middle of the screen and ended in one of two possible final movement locations. Depending on the response-effect compatibility mapping, action effects either occurred on the same side as the final movement location (dotted cir-
Source publication
Mouse-tracking is regarded as a powerful technique to investigate latent cognitive and emotional states. However, drawing inferences from this manifold data source carries the risk of several pitfalls, especially when using aggregated data rather than single-trial trajectories. Researchers might reach wrong conclusions because averages lump togethe...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Kornblum et al., 1990) between responses (i.e., body movements) and response-contingent perceptual effects (e.g., in the agent's environment). In the case of mouse-tracking, this common feature is usually manipulated through a spatial left-versusright arrangement of movement targets and the visual effects that are triggered by reaching a target ( Fig. 1; see Pfister et al., 2014;Schonard et al., 2021). These effects can be compatible (i.e., when a movement to the right evokes a visual effect on the right-hand side) or they can be incompatible (i.e., when a movement to the right evokes a visual effect on the hand side). Crucially, previous studies observed ongoing movements to be ...
Context 2
... common denominator of all analyzed studies is that they used a setup with five relevant areas, as shown in Fig. 1: Movements began in a starting area in the lower middle of the screen and ended in one of two possible final movement locations. Depending on the response-effect compatibility mapping, action effects either occurred on the same side as the final movement location (dotted circle) or on the respective other side (solid circle). (B) The ...
Context 3
... ensure that participants started the movement only after completing their decision. Consequently, to isolate influences on movement execution, the analyzed trajectories were truncated to the part between leaving the starting area and reaching the target area. All experiments assessed how anticipating an action effect shapes action execution (see Fig. 1B), that is, whether movements are systematically biased towards the location of their ensuing effect. With effect sizes ranging from d z = 0.38 to d z = 1.38, all experiments consistently showed that incompatible movements were more curved than compatible movements. However, we argue here that these effects were mainly driven by ...
Context 4
... z = 1.23. When applying our cutoff criterion, the compatibility effect vanished for the spatial measures of AUC, F (1, 19) The solid vertical lines mark the point of maximal deviation from an ideal trajectory, with times on the x-axis normalized to percentage from start up this point to as well as from this point to reaching the target. Note that in this experiment, the data logging rate was substantially higher than the polling rate of the mouse. ...
Context 5
... z = 0.61, than incompatible actions. Figure 10 shows the results for Experiment 1 and Experiment S1 in Tonn et al. (2023). Figure 11 shows the results for Experiment S2 and Experiment S3 in Tonn et al. (2023). ...
Citations
... However, this terminology does not necessarily imply a strictly serial sequence of encapsulated mental processes. Rather, these phases may overlap in time and share information (see Tonn et al., 2024, for a discussion on the overlap of such phases in mouse tracking). Consequently, our use of "phase" does not refer to the "stage" concept in classic stage theory (Donders, 1969;Sternberg, 1969). ...
It is an open question how prevented events are represented in the human cognitive system—are they represented like produced events or are they represented in a different format? Here, we propose that seemingly contradictory observations on this question can be unified by assuming different time courses for production and prevention actions. Evidence from two experiments in the anticipatory saccades paradigm supported this model. Specifically, our results suggest that prevented events might be represented like produced events during action selection and execution, whereas their representation dissolves rapidly during action monitoring. In other words, the representation of prevented events reflects a two-step process: An initial affirmative representation is followed by later negation. Preregistrations, data, and analysis scripts for all experiments are available online ( https://osf.io/m3veh/ ).