Existing and planned biofuel plants in Finland as of 2014 (based on [18]) 

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... European Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) sets environmental quality requirements for gasoline and diesel, and demands the reduction of life-cycle Green House Gas (GHG) emissions by 6% in 2020 as compared to 2010. This compulsory part is achieved by mixing bio-components in the fuel. The FQD also defines the limits of bio-components: max 10% of ethanol in gasoline and max 7% of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) in diesel. In Finland, most of the bio-component in diesel is Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), the percentage of which is not regulated, as it is chemically comparable to diesel. It is assumed that the 6% bio-component has been achieved in 2014. It is also expected that the 20% goal will be reached by 2020 if the planned waste- and lignocellulosic-based operations are realized. Finland's transport fuel consumption (gasoline and diesel) in 2013 was about 3.97 M tonnes [17], which translates to about 4 M tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Therefore, the 20% biofuel share should be some 0.8 Mtoe. There are 8 biofuel plants currently in operation, 1 under expansion, and 2 major projects planned. Fig. 4 illustrates the location of existing biofuel plants and those in the planning stage. The St1 Biofuels Oy Company produces ethanol from bio-waste of food companies and collected from separate waste collection. The company uses a decentralized production model, where the intermediate product (85% ethanol) is produced near the waste source, after which it is transported to a dehydration facility to Hamina, where it is upgraded to a 99.8% final product. Further, the ethanol is mixed in RE85 biofuel, which contains 80-85% ethanol [19]. According to the company, the life-cycle emissions of their Etanolix product are a fraction of any other alternative, 0.01 kg CO 2 /kgoe, as compared to 0.5 kg CO 2 /kgoe of sugarcane-based ethanol and 2.7 kg CO 2 /kgoe of fossil gasoline [20]. Most recently, the company announced building a sawdust-based Cellunolix ethanol plant in Kajaani with the planned capacity of 10 ML of bioethanol per year [21]. The company has an ambitious plan to increase its capacity to 300 ML of ethanol by 2020 ...