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Examples of enset products and commonly prepared dishes. In panel A three enset primary products are shown. Below each primary product (in panel B) one example of a dish that can be prepared from the respective primary product is depicted. (The source of Itima and Doyisa uutta picture is: Sadik Muzemil, AARC).
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Background
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is a major food security crop in Southern Ethiopia, where it was originally domesticated and during millennia became pivotal crop around which an entire farming system has developed. Although its cultivation is highly localized, the enset-based farming system provides sustenance to more than 20 million...
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... foods are served both as staple daily diet as well as in occasions of cultural festivals, hence enset foods have both nutritional and cultural values for the society. In this study, we identified 10 recipes of dishes derived from 3 (Uncca, Itima and Unkuwa) primary enset prod- ucts (Table 9, Figure 5). Uncca and Itima, are obtained after processing, whereas the Unkuwa or corm is a cook- ing type boiled and eaten directly without any process- ing. ...Similar publications
Rangelands provide several valuable ecological services and provide for the livelihoods of local herders on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). However, rangelands are being degraded due to overgrazing, policy changes and climate change. In this context, a survey was conducted in Zhuaxixiulong township of Gansu Province, China to examine the rangela...
Citations
... Similarly, Minaleshewa and Chandravanshi (2008) reported that certain enset landrace products were rich in calcium and free of heavy metals (Cd and Pb), contributing to the preference for enset in healing fractured bones. Bulla from Yanbule (released variety) have higher ash content and Ca concentration (Getahun 2020), and Temesgen et al (2014) reported that all farmers in Wolaita know and believe that enset is medicinally important; porridge from Agino and Gefetanuwa strengthen women after delivery and heal bone fractures in humans, respectively. ...
The enset farming system in Ethiopia, a significant agricultural system, is primarily cultivated by the Wolaita people, who prefer different landraces due to their unique traits. Thus, this study aimed to identify a landrace with specific traits that farmers preferred in the Wolaita Zone in 2021 from 14 Kebeles, each with 15 households. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data. SPSS software was used quantitative analysis: cross-tabulation, descriptive statistics, multidimensional preference analysis, Pearson correlation, t and chi square tests. As a result, 93 landraces and 4 cultivars were identified with varying frequency and distribution within and between farms, indicating farmers’ preference for different traits. Enset landraces preferred for high yield of Kocho were: Gena, Anko-gena, Halla, Mazia, Ala-gena, Godaria, Tuzuma; Bulla were: Halla, Mazia, Tuzuma, Gena, Gefetanuwa, Anko-gena, Argama, Ala-gena, Shalakumia; Amicho use; Arkia, Agina, chichia, Sutia, Kabaria, Nakaka, Katania; For fiber strength and durability were: Halla, Tuzuma, Mazia Anko-gena, Argama and Ala-gena. Medicinal use: Lochingia, Gefetanuwa, Argama, and Arkia. For overall traits, the most preferred landrace in the study area was Halla, Mazia, Tuzuma, Anko-gena, Argama, Shalakumia, Gena, Kabaria, Wanadia, Ala-gena, Gefetanuwa, Nakaka, Lembuwa, Sutia, Arkia, Katania, Godaria, Chichia, and Lochingia in order. Therefore, enset landraces–mainly used for amicho were extensively used and having medicinal values were rarely grown due to their susceptibility to both biotic and abiotic factors was under threat of erosion. So, to sustain the production of different landraces, it is recommended to collect, conserve, and raise awareness among the young generation about specific traits.
... Farmers differentiate landraces based on phenotypic characteristics, such as the color of the petiole, midrib, and leaf sheath, the angle of leaf orientation, the size and color of leaves, and the circumference and length of the pseudostem (Shambulo et al., 2012;Yemataw et al., 2014a). Vernacular names are often descriptive and reflect the variety of landraces in places of origin, morphology, as well as agronomic and cooking characteristics (Olango et al., 2014). ...
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial plant and a multipurpose crop used in Ethiopia. Quantitative characterization of Enset is crucial for determining its yield, while qualitative characterization is important for assessing its genetic variability. Since 2014, Wolkite University has been conserving Enset landraces collected from various Enset-growing regions. The objective was to evaluate these landraces using both quantitative and qualitative trait characterization methods at the Yefereziye Enset Conservation Site from 2020 to 2021. The evaluation was conducted using a single plot experiment method, with a total of 15 plants within a column. Each plant was planted with inter and intra row spacing of 1.5 m. Data were collected randomly, with five Enset landraces tagged within a row. The data showed a significant difference (P<0.001) among Enset landraces. Based on pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference, and plant height, the quantitative characterization showed that the following Enset landraces had the highest performance: Ankogena (136.6, 127.8 and 466.6 cm), Ginbeniye (113.6, 156 and 354 cm), and Erake (119, 124.8 and 410.4 cm). These were followed by Lemat, Fereziye, Gimbwe, and Keribote Enset landraces. The lowest performance was recorded for Cherkiwe (88, 60.6 and 336.6 cm) and Ayides (55.4, 68.4 and 208 cm). Based on the data, Ankogena, Ginbeniye, and Erake Enset landraces demonstrated higher performance compared to other landraces and are recommended to local farmers and food-insecure countries for cultivation to improve livelihoods.
... En tercer lugar está Indigenous knowledge, use and on-farm management of enset Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman diversity in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia (Olango et al., 2014), con 65 citaciones, el cual habla de la biodiversidad dentro de los agroecosistemas. En cuarto lugar, sigue Karen homegardens: characteristics, functions, and species diversity (Panyadee et al., 2018), el cual describe al huerto familiar resaltando sus funciones y la diversidad de especies que existe en este. ...
Los huertos familiares han sido adoptados como una herramienta de política pública debido a su capacidad para proporcionar seguridad alimentaria, servicios ecosistémicos e ingresos económicos, así como preservar la memoria biocultural. Dada su importancia, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura científica de los últimos 10 años (2013-2023) mediante un análisis bibliométrico sobre patrones de publicación científica, con el fin de identificar las tendencias y ausencias de la investigación en el contexto de la sostenibilidad. Se analizaron 76 artículos indizados en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. Se identificaron tres grupos temáticos: (1) Sembrando
sostenibilidad desde los huertos familiares, (2) Los huertos familiares y la preservación de la biodiversidad, y (3) Los
huertos familiares como raíces sostenibles para conservación de la agrobiodiversidad. Estos grupos destacan el potencial de los agroecosistemas para preservar la biodiversidad, captar carbono, garantizar seguridad alimentaria y conservar la riqueza biocultural. El artículo enfatiza en la necesidad de realizar investigaciones que evalúen la resiliencia de estos huertos frente a los desafíos económicos y sociales, ya que, a pesar de ser agroecosistemas resilientes, tienen una tendencia a desaparecer.
... En tercer lugar está Indigenous knowledge, use and on-farm management of enset Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman diversity in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia (Olango et al., 2014), con 65 citaciones, el cual habla de la biodiversidad dentro de los agroecosistemas. En cuarto lugar, sigue Karen homegardens: characteristics, functions, and species diversity (Panyadee et al., 2018), el cual describe al huerto familiar resaltando sus funciones y la diversidad de especies que existe en este. ...
... The Wolaita zone covers the total land mass of 4,511 Km 2 . There are three agro-ecological zones inside the study area named as mid-latitude which covers about 56%, low altitude which covers about 35% and high altitude which covers 9% of the area [26]. Altitude ranges between 810 and 1986 meters higher and average yearly precipitation is 780.8 mm to 1644.2 mm per year ( Figure 1). ...
Ethiopia is a country that heavily relies on rainfall-aided cultivation which is carried out by small-scale landowners, leaving it very vulnerable to climate change and fluctuation. The primary goal of this research is to investigate how climate change affects maize yield in Wolaita zone of Ethiopia. The authors were employed a linear regression method to evaluate the relationship between climate parameters and maize yield. Sen's slope magnitude estimator and the Mann-Kendal trend test were used to assess the significance of climate change. The outcome demonstrated that the temperature extreme indices of warm days and the length of warm days were considerably higher by 37.5% and 3.7% of days per year, however, cold days and cold spells were significantly decreased. Over the 1981-2021 periods, there was a significant upward pattern in TXx and TNn at an average of 0.033°C and 0.034°C. There was a considerable decline of 2.3% in the simple daily precipitation intensity index and 33% decreased in extremely heavy precipitation, respectively. The correlation analysis's findings indicated that growing period precipitation and maize outputs were positively correlated, but negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures. Extreme temperature and precipitation were more explained a maize yield than average climate patterns. 12.4%, 14.76%, 13.08%, and 7.95% of maize output variability was attributed by the growing season mean climate conditions, which include precipitation, mean, minimum, and maximum temperature. The variability of maize output was explained by combined impact of precipitation and temperature extremes were 67.7% and 45.0%, respectively. Therefore, livelihood diversification and relevant policy formulation are suggested to adapt inevitable climate change by implementing irrigation and resistant varieties to improve maize yield production.
... healthcare system in many areas of the country, traditional medicine is the most conveniently accessible and reasonably priced form of therapy [6]. However, the vast body of knowledge accumulated over thousands of years in traditional medicine is seriously in danger of being lost due to a number of factors, including deforestation, environmental degradation, overexploitation, agricultural land development, acculturation, and the limited application of its documentation [7]. ...
The aim of this work is to document and record the use of medicinal plants to treat various ailments in the study area. A total of 84 informants, consisting of 54 men and 30 women, between 35 and 80 years of age were chosen. Additionally, 20 key informants were deliberately selected for their expertise. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, group discussions, and guided field walks using semi-structured interview questions. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using quantitative analytical tools such as preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, fidelity level and informant consensus factor. Forty-six medicinal plants belonging to 41 genera and 33 families were collected and identified. Brassicaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Polygonaceae had the highest abundance of medicinal plants used to treat various diseases in the study area. Most of the medicinal plants were herbs (43 %), followed by shrubs (35 %). The study revealed that leaves (45.7 %) were the most frequently used plant parts in the preparation of remedies. The most common mode of administration was oral ingestion (61 %), followed by dermal application (30 %). Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Allium sativum L.had the highest preference rank, whereas Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile was identified as the most popular medicinal plant due to its multipurpose use. while the value of fidelity level (FL) for medicinal plants in the study ranged from 34 % to 94 %. The study also identified several threats to medicinal plants in the study area, including charcoal production, overgrazing, and agricultural expansion. To prevent the eradication of these medicinal plants, the involvement of local communities in the management and conservation of plant resources is crucial.
... Enset-producing farmers have maintained and enriched the diversity of the crop through identification and selection using their accumulated indigenous and local knowledge, and for them, the use of enset diversity is directly linked to the diverse methods of generating products that are used as food as well as non-food values [17,18]. Furthermore, they are the primary guardians of enset diversity, and previous authors have documented hundreds of types [12,13,15,17,[19][20][21]. Enset shows noticeable variations in terms of morphological characteristics (e.g., the color of pseudostem, petiole, and midrib, size (width and length), and angle of leaf orientation), agronomic features (maturity rate, reaction to different diseases and pests, and agroecological adaptability), use values (quantity and quality of kocho (qocho) and bulla, use of corms, and fiber quality), and other attributes [13,15,17,22,23]. However, such features may change under the influence of ecological conditions [24], and thus, their use as markers is not fully effective in determining the existing diversity, and which is crucial in looking for the relevant markers. ...
... To supposrt community initiatives to conserve agro-biodiversity in many indigenous communities, strengthening local institutions and farmer leadership has been shown to be effective. Olango et al. [23] suggested that enset bio-cultural resource continuity must be based on participatory community approaches and the mobilization of both the young and the elder groups. ...
... Nowadays, the Areka Agricultural Research Center (AARC) has maintained over 600 enset germplasm collections from 12 enset cultivating areas of Ethiopia in field gene banks. Olango et al. [23] reported that only 40% of the landraces that were known to the Wolaita agricultural community were represented by the AARC collection, indicating that the actual diversity is still not fully sampled. Similarly, Yemataw [84] asserted that the Areka collections have not undergone a thorough assessment. ...
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a multi-use perennial herbaceous crop used as a staple food for over 20 million people in Ethiopia. Despite its high use values, very few studies have been conducted to improve this crop, particularly using molecular marker systems. In this context, the study aimed at evaluating the magnitude of genetic diversity and population structure of enset germplasm collections from four major enset growing zones in southern Ethiopia using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 147 individual leaf samples were collected from the entire enset populations and gave 289 alleles, ranging from 12 to 41 alleles per locus, with a mean of 24.5. The polymorphism information content for each locus varied from 0.86 to 0.95, with a mean of 0.91. The number of effective alleles ranged from 5.13 to 11.79 with a mean of 8.27. The expected and observed heterozygosity showed average values of 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. The greatest genetic distance (1.16) was between Gurage and wild populations, while the shortest (0.37) was between Gurage and Silte. Among the six populations, the wild had the highest percentage of polymorphic loci (100%). AMOVA attributed 89% of the genetic variation to intra-population and only 11% to among populations. The whole set of germplasm indicates low genetic differentiation and high gene flow (Nm). The UPGMA and principal coordinates largely correspond to each other and indicate three major groups. Overall, the information gained from this study would be useful for enset improvements and conservation strategies.
... Ethiopia is the only place where the domesticated enset plant is grown. [4] Enset is a root crop that is only grown in Ethiopia's highlands and is not well-known outside of the country. [5]. ...
... Ethiopia is the only place where the domesticated enset plant is grown. [4] Enset is a root crop that is only grown in Ethiopia's highlands and is not well-known outside of the country. [5]. ...
A study was conducted to develop and evaluate the performance of a motorized enset corm pulverizing machine. The experiment test was carried out by factorial design and the levels of operating speeds with levels of feeding rate were taken as treatment. The collected data were analyzed using Statistix 8 software. An analysis of variance revealed that the primary effects of operating speed and feed rate were observed to be significant at the 5% level but the interaction effect was not significant except for capacity. At an operating speed of 1800 rpm and a feeding rate of 10 kg min-1 , a maximum pulverizing capacity of 721.4 kg h-1 was found; at a speed of 1600 rpm and a feeding rate of 15 kg min-1 , the minimum pulverizing capacity of 611.6 kg h-1 was found. When the maximum pulverizing efficiency of 97% was found at an operational speed of 1800 rpm and a feeding rate of 15 kg min-1 , whereas the minimum pulverizing efficiency of 93.5% was found at an operating speed of 1600 rpm and a feeding rate of 10 kg min-1. The minimum percentage loss was 3.4% at an operating speed of 1800 rpm and feeding rate of 15 kg min-1 , while the maximum percentage loss was 6.5% at an operating speed of 1600 rpm and feeding rate of 10 kg min.-1 According to test results, when operational speeds were increased from 1600 rpm to 1800 rpm, pulverizing capacity increased from 611.6 kg h-1 to 721.4 kg h-1 , pulverizing efficiency increased from 93.5 % to 97%, and the percentage of loss decreased from 6.5% % to 3.5%. From the test results, the percentage loss of the pulverizing machine tended to decrease with an increase in operating speed and feeding rate. This motorized machine had a high pulverizing capacity at its operating speed of 1800 rpm.
... Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter), wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L) are the main staple crops in the Northern Ethiopia (Corbeels et al., 2000), whereas maize (Zea mays L)and enset (nsete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) are main staple crops in the Southern Ethiopia (Olango et al., 2014). Newly emerging root crops, like sweet potato, require few inputs, have high dual nutrition and energy values for both human and livestock (Claessens et al., 2008), as well as the ability to perform well under different climatic conditions in different agro-ecological zones 1 . ...
Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a potential food security crop in the crop–livestock production systems for subsistence smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the social, ecological, and economic factors that influence sweet potato production in selected districts in Northern and Southern Ethiopia. The research site was stratified into low, middle, and high altitudes. A mixed method, consisting of quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used for data collection. A quantitative questionnaire was prepared and distributed to randomly selected farmer households, followed by qualitative in-depth interviews of key informants from research institutions, local agricultural offices, and researchers working in the study areas. In addition, informal interviews, transect walks, participation in planting, and discussions were used. In both sites, pests, diseases, drought, and lack of adaptable cultivars for different agro-ecological conditions influenced sweet potato production. In Northern Ethiopia, lack of adequate sweet potato knowledge of production practices and planting materials limited farmers from planting the crop widely. In Southern Ethiopia, farmers lost their sweet potato landraces because of the adoption and shifting to cultivating new high-yielding cultivars of sweet potato. This study suggests that farmers’ awareness and knowledge on the available cultivars and landraces as well as the relevant agronomical practices and performances should be improved. Moreover, participatory breeding programs for droughts, pests, and diseases tolerant, and nutrient rich and high - yielding cultivars are commendable.