FIGURE 2 - uploaded by Dmitry Boyko
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Since 1990, urbanization in post-socialist countries has frequently resulted in a loss of urban density in the existing building stock while land use patterns at the outskirts of growing city regions began to sprawl. Formerly state-planned and controlled housing forms as well as industrial and business enterprises were suddenly exposed to new marke...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... results for all Russian city regions in the sample are constituted by the trends of the selected city regions in Figure 2. Almost all city regions show negative land use efficiency for the period from 1990 to 2015 in all travel time rings. ...
Context 2
... aim of the in-depth studies is to identify factors for varying development paths. The selection is based on qualitative (see section Introduction) and quantitative (see Figures 2, 3) aspects. For Germany, we chose Berlin and Leipzig, which are both part of the former GDR but have seen contrasting development paths since 1990: Berlin with (partly) increasing, Leipzig with decreasing land use efficiencies. ...
Context 3
... results for all Russian city regions in the sample are constituted by the trends of the selected city regions in Figure 2. Almost all city regions show negative land use efficiency for the period from 1990 to 2015 in all travel time rings. ...
Context 4
... aim of the in-depth studies is to identify factors for varying development paths. The selection is based on qualitative (see section Introduction) and quantitative (see Figures 2, 3) aspects. For Germany, we chose Berlin and Leipzig, which are both part of the former GDR but have seen contrasting development paths since 1990: Berlin with (partly) increasing, Leipzig with decreasing land use efficiencies. ...
Citations
... A kiértékeléshez a kapott pontállományt 100-szor 100 méteres cellákban összesítettük (a négyzetrácsokat a szakirodalomban grid hálózatnak is hívják), így összehasonlíthatóvá tettük az egyes időmetszeteket az egységes elemzési keretnek köszönhetőenaz 1. ábrához hasonló módon. A vizsgálat folytatásában több kapcsolódó tanulmány (Peiser, R., 2001;Wilson, E.H. et al., 2003;Gerten, C. et al., 2022) tapasztalatait felhasználva kialakítottunk egy kategorizálást a gridcellákra annak megfelelően, hogyan változott az azokba eső objektumok száma a figyelembe vett időpontok között (azaz 1980 és 2000, illetve 2000 és 2020 között): ...
A tanulmányban térinformatikai módszerek segítségével több időmetszetre kiterjedően mintegy 40 éves időintervallumban vizsgáltuk meg Debrecen beépítettségének és népességeloszlásának alakulását. Célunk a belső szuburbanizáció helyi sajátosságainak feltárása és vizsgálata volt, amely során a központi belterületet nem vontuk be az elemzésbe. Az ezredforduló előtti dinamikus, majd 2000 után mérséklődő szuburbanizációs jelenségek következtében jelentősen átalakult a beépítettség karaktere – a város közvetlen peremén térben kiterjedve és besűrűsödve, majd a belvárostól növekvő távolsággal jellemzően csökkenő mértéket mutatva. Ezt a csökkenő értéket karakteresen megtörik a jelentős népességű településrészek (főként Józsa és Pallag) a kiugró és az ezredforduló után is növekvő beépítettségükkel. A kialakított kategorizálás alapján jól látszik, hogy a belső szuburbanizáció jelensége bár mérséklődött és kevésbé intenzív, de korántsem állt le teljesen, több városrész dinamikus fejlődése napjainkban is folytatódik.
... This phenomenon is particularly prevalent in post-socialist cities, such as Budapest. The process of urbanization in post-socialist nations since 1990 has often led to a reduction in the density of existing urban structures, while land use patterns at the expanding peripheries of city regions have started to sprawl [25]. ...
In response to the imperative to enhance urban structures for global sustainability and improved quality of life, the European Union has diligently established parameters and policies fostering urban cohesion and territorial integration. Embracing the guidelines conceived by the European Commission, this research presents a case study examining morphological conditions in the IX District of Budapest, Hungary—a strategically chosen area undergoing renovation. The primary goals of the intervention are to address social and spatial segregation, enhance urban performance, and promote global resilience. Employing a Typological Survey methodology, an in-depth assessment was conducted and translated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database. Consequently, the morphological analysis successfully identified five distinct types of elements composing the urban structure of the studied area. This analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous constitution characterized by dynamic and continuous changes, reflecting the evolving nature of the urban landscape. Findings indicate noteworthy improvements in the performance and quality of public spaces while preserving the historical morphological characteristics that have long defined this area and its urban landscape.
... Для рынка труда была характерны свобода (отсутствие социально-трудовых гарантий от государства) и гибкость (вынужденная мобильность), пришедшие на смену государственному патернализму (Shvetsov, 2023). Маркетинг демонстрировал повышенную эффективность, так как представлял собой новый (пришедший с рыночными реформами) инструмент бизнеса, к которому у потребителей еще не успел выработаться иммунитет (Gerten, Boyko, Fina, 2022). Корпоративная ответственность на рассматриваемом этапе только зарождалась. ...
Research focuses on the problem of incompleteness and unreliability of the existing scientific vision of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia. In the current vision, the boundaries of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia are blurred, the transition to a market path of economic development has an ambiguous interpretation in the scientific literature and is mainly associated with the 1990s. The lack of a clear understanding of the essence, sequence and continuity of the stages of formation and development of a market economy in Russia causes the uncertainty of the current stage of this process. The purpose of this research is to develop a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of a market economy in Russia. The study provides a historical review of the formation and development of a market economy in Russia based on the works of Doctor of Economics, prof. L.S. Shakhovskaya, who stood at the origins of the formation of the scientific concept of the market economy of Russia and in her works reflected in detail the essence and features of each stage of its evolution. This article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Professor L.S. Shakhovskaya, was written by her students who are developing the scientific school founded by her. The proposed new scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which clearly determined the three stages of its evolution. The first stage (1991-1999) was associated with the transition from a planned to an open industrial market economy through privatization and deregulation. The second stage: (2000-2013) was the integration of Russia into the world economic system to form an open post-industrial market economy. The third (modern) stage (2014-2031) involves the strengthening of strategic academic and technological leadership for the transition to a neo-industrial market economy 4.0 through ensuring technological sovereignty. Research contributes to the development of scientific and economic thought through the formation of a systematic scientific vision of the process of evolution of the market economy in Russia, which rethought and clarified the history of the market economy in Russia, and also clarified the meaning of its current stage by reflecting its continuity and patterns of occurrence. The scientific novelty of the system vision is that it proved for the first time that the transition period is a whole set of periods involving the transformation of market relations with various targets and management measures.
... The multidimensional and complex phenomenon of urban sprawl is measured by various indicators including, e.g., centrality, fragmentation, polycentricity, accessibility, entropy [56], dispersion index [57], or density indicators [11]. ...
... Focusing on the types and trends of spatial patterns of urban sprawl, different approaches are found in the related literature, depending on the initial sources of data and on the methods used. Three types of territorial units simplify the categorization of the patterns in which existing built-up land is surrounded by the attached built-up land (with new constructions) and the separated leapfrog developments [57]. ...
... After taking the preliminary experience into consideration, specific categorization was implemented instead of the described ones [20,57,58] to typify the grid cells according to the changes in the density of objects. A remarkable increase was seen in the number of objects during the period; however, the number of cells representing decreasing built-up areas was not negligible. ...
The rapid and significant expansion of urban areas is observed worldwide; however, considerable differences are detected within the characteristics of the process. The rural–urban fringe is changing most dynamically from the aspect of land use and this tends to be relevant in the case of post-socialist cities in Central Europe even with a stagnating or decreasing population. Debrecen (Hungary) and its hinterland adequately represent the migration trends of Hungarian cities and the great administrative area provided wide intra-urban suburbanization processes. The current study put the emphasis on the analysis of the spatial pattern of built-up areas and the distribution of residents. In order to discover the processes of the post-socialist transition period, detailed point layers were created to illustrate every built-up parcel in the rural–urban fringe of Debrecen (for the years 1980, 2000, and 2020). The most important characteristics were discovered with the help of GIS methods—Kernel-density, grid pattern analysis of the object density, and analysis of land cover/land use changes using Corine Land Cover Change (CLCC) databases. The dynamic and extended expansion of built-up areas was seen until 2000, in which the outskirts (including hobby gardens) densified spectacularly. The urban sprawl has been less intensive since the millennium and the increase in built-up areas has become more concentrated. As a consequence of the transition period, extended territories—primarily the least dense parts of the rural–urban fringe—are faced with the disappearance of buildings due to agricultural cultivation reasons.
... In the process of SDG tracking, municipalities can use the matrix to monitor land use efficiency (11.3.1). First applications of these indicators at regional level have already been discussed with experts from regional planning practice (Gerten, Boyko, & Fina, 2022). The results showed that compiling the indicators was somewhat complex, but comprehensible and in line with the expertise and experience in the case studies. ...
This dissertation emphasises the challenges posed by global migration and urban expansion in the 21st century, highlighting their impact on sustainable development in cities. It acknowledges that cities are central to both the manifestation of problems and the development of solutions. This thesis explores the potential of new technical potentials, specifically data-driven approaches and spatial analysis methods, in enhancing the monitoring of urban sustainability. Three primary research foci have been selected as catalysts for sustainable urban development, with each one examined in a specific sub-study: urban growth dynamics, urban mobility structure, and urban arrival spaces. The first sub-study proposes a categorisation of urban growth into four distinct development paths, enabling simplified classification from a sustainability perspective. The second sub-study also emphasizes the importance of monitoring the mobility transition and puts forth a tool to identify and evaluate existing urban mobility structures, by classifying walking, transit and car-dependent neighborhoods. Additionally, the thesis presents a methodology for identifying and typifying arrival spaces, examining the impact of global migration. The thesis explores the integration and combination of various research fields in sustainable urban development, highlighting the potential of cross-thematic analyses through the utilisation of the tools developed in this work. The insights gained from this research highlight the significance of new technologies in analysing and understanding local urban phenomena. The spatial level of analysis is crucial for understanding urban challenges, but obtaining valid and small-scale socio-economic data remains a challenge. However, the increasing availability of open data and open-source platforms supports the development of monitoring tools and their transferability across administrative borders. Overall, this work sees a need for further research into the design and construction of comprehensive monitoring systems that can capture the dynamics of urban development in its entirety.
The 15-minute city concept suggests redesigning cities and urban areas in such a way that every resident could reach basic necessities and services, including education, medicine, shopping, leisure, etc., within a 15-minute walk or bicycle ride. The underlying goal of the concept is to improve urban environment, to reduce pressure on transportation systems, and to make cities more resilient to events like the COVID-19 pandemic, when many cities imposed restrictions on cars and public transport. In this paper, we use the 15‑minute city concept as an analytical framework for an accessibility index describing the quality of the urban environment in contemporary Russian cities. The study is based on the assumption that the morphologically heterogeneous environment of the post-Soviet cities creates different conditions for the location of facilities that provide residents with basic necessities and services; as a consequence, the accessibility of these facilities varies greatly within cities. Three large and morphologically different post-Soviet cities, Krasnodar, Saratov, and Naberezhnye Chelny, were chosen as the study cases. The investigation draws on publicly available data as well as data from 2GIS on social, commercial, and transportation infrastructure. From our results, the highest accessibility of the facilities is observed in the historical city centers, which concentrate the facilities that provide unique and city-wide services. The Soviet microdistricts show the higher accessibility values compared to modern high-rise multi-unit residential buildings, while the lowest accessibility is observed in the low-rise neighborhoods: the average walking time to the basic services and facilities here is three times longer than in the historical centers, and twice as long as in the Soviet microdistricts. Among the three cities studied, Naberezhnye Chelny is the closest to the 15-minute city model. For daily demand facilities, the accessibility varies little between the cities, with 86.0 to 92.2% of residents living within 15-minute walking distance. The strongest differences between cities and urban areas of different morphological types in the accessibility of the facilities are observed only when including in the index rare facilities that provide unique and city-wide services, such as hospitals, theaters, universities, etc. Their accessibility can be improved, for example, by developing public transport systems or creating sub-centers of urban activity in high-density residential areas.
This research examines the spatial transformations of postsocialist cities in the context of the polarized national urban system. Focusing on two different periods (1990–2000 and 2000–2014/2015), we study the patterns of spatial changes in 15 selected cities in Serbia in terms of urban sprawl, densification, and urban shrinkage. Using an open-source database, we analyze the relationship between the built-up area, population, and urban density to identify the types and trajectories of spatial transformations. Our results show that urban sprawl characterizes cities with growing/stable populations and those with declining populations but with different scales and dynamics over time. Despite the distinct trend of population decline, no cities were marked by compact shrinkage. Nevertheless, we identify a significant decrease in the annual change rates of the built-up area throughout the latter period in all cities, indicating a possible future decline in inefficient outward expansion. We also observed that this period gave rise to the imbalance between the pace of spatial growth of large cities and medium-sized cities. The obtained spatial patterns fit into the framework of Serbia's asymmetric urban system, with sprawl shrinkage as dominant phenomenon in urban centres ranking lower in the urban system hierarchy and less frequent sprawl growth in major urban centres. Our research results could ignite a process of redefining urban and land policies towards more efficient land use.
