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End-System multicasting (ESM) is a promising application-layer scheme that has been recently proposed for implementing multicast routing in the application layer as a practical alternative to the IP multicasting. Moreover, ESM is an efficient application layer solution where all the multicast functionality is shifted to the end users. However, the...
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... IP-multicast capable version of the network shown in Fig. 2 consists of network with native multicast support. IP multicast capable routers are consider along the path. Efficiently routing multicast protocols are implemented. The traditional process includes the construction of a source-rooted tree together with the members of the multicast group. Since only one copy of the message is required, ...
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End-system multicasting (ESM) is a promising application-layer scheme that has been recently proposed for implementing multicast routing in the application layer as a practical alternative to the IP multicasting. Moreover, ESM is an efficient application layer solution where all the multicast functionality is shifted to the end users. However, the limitation in bandwidth and the fact that the message needs to be forwarded from host-to-host using unicast connection, and consequently incrementing the end-to-end delay of the transmission process, contribute to the price to pay for this new approach. Therefore, supporting high-speed real-time applications such as live streaming multimedia, videoconferencing, distributed simulations, and multiparty games require a sound understanding of these multicasting schemes such as IP multicast and ESM and the factors that might affect the end-user requirements. In this paper, we present an analytical model that formalizes the bandwidth efficiency of both IP and ESM multicast systems. Specifically, our proposed formalization of the bandwidth efficiency is based on the end-to-end delays proposed by for both IP and ESM multicast systems.
Application-layer multicast implements the multicast functionality at the
application layer. The main goal of application-layer multicast is to construct
and maintain efficient distribution structures between endhosts. In this paper
we focus on the implementation of an application-layer multicast network using
PlanetLab. We observe that the total time required to measure network latency
over TCP is influenced dramatically by the TCP connection time. We argue that
end-host distribution is not only influenced by the quality of network links
but also by the time required to make connections between nodes. We provide
several solutions to decrease the total end-host distribution time.
IEEE 802.16j MMR WiMAX networks allow the number of hops between the user andthe MMR-BS to be more than two hops. The standard bandwidth request procedure inWiMAX network introduces much delay to the user data and acknowledgement of theTCP packet that affects the performance and throughput of the network. In this paper,we propose a new scheduling scheme to reduce the bandwidth request delay in MMRnetworks. In this scheme, the MMR-BS allocates bandwidth to its direct subordinate RSswithout bandwidth request using Grey prediction algorithm to estimate the requiredbandwidth of each of its subordinate RS. Using this architecture, the access RS canallocate its subordinate MSs the required bandwidth without notification to the MMR-BS.Our scheduling architecture with efficient bandwidth demand estimation able to reducedelay significantly.
End-System multicasting (ESM) is a promising application-layer scheme that has been recently proposedfor implementing multicast routing in the application layer as a practical alternative to the IPmulticasting. Moreover, ESM is an efficient application layer solution where all the multicastfunctionality is shifted to the end users. However, the limitation in bandwidth and the fact that themessage needs to be forwarded from host-to-host using unicast connection, and consequentlyincrementing the end-to-end delay of the transmission process, contribute to the price to pay for this newapproach. Therefore, supporting high-speed real-time applications such as live streaming multimedia,videoconferencing, distributed simulations, and multiparty games require a sound understanding of thesemulticasting schemes such as IP multicast and ESM and the factors that might affect the end-userrequirements. In this paper, we present both the analytical and the mathematical models for formalizingthe end-to-end delay efficiency of both IP and ESM multicast systems. For the sake of the experimentalverifications of the proposed models, simulation results are presented in this paper. Finally, the proposedformulization can be used to design and implement a more robust and efficient multicast systems for thefuture networks.
