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We report on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia sanguinea and its photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and melanogenesis inhibition activity of mushroom tyrosine enzyme. Surface Plasmon resonance bands obtained from UV-Vis spectra were within the range 430-436 nm.. FT-IR studies reveal the presence o...

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... In this study the calli established from the leaf segments of Centella asiatica under in-vitro culture were utilized for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and was further used for the management of root knot disease caused by Meloidgyne arenariain-vitro raised cowpea plants under glass house conditions. Previously, the plants such as Jatropha curcas L. (Bar et al., 2009), Euphorbia nivulia L. (Valodkar et al., 2011), Hevea brasiliensis L. (Guidelli et al., 2011), Calotropis gigantea L. (Rajkuberan et al., 2015), Euphorbia antiquorum L. (Rajkuberan et al., 2017) and Euphorbia confinalis (Muchanyereyi et al., 2017) were used for the green synthesis silver nanoparticles which have shown promising bio-cidal properties. ...
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The green synthesis of AgNPs from the calli extract of Centella asiatica was confirmed by the detailed analysis of UVÀVis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) which revealed the size, shape, chemical composition and functional groups involved in the AgNPs formation. The in-vitro raised cowpea plants were given root dip treatment in Murashige and Skoog (MS) suspension medium supplemented with LC 50-75 mg/mL AgNPs followed by their transfer to glass house conditions for acclimatization. To evaluate the efficiency of root dip treatment, the acclimatized plants were inoculated with 2000 J2s of M. arenaria and the plants were observed on weekly basis. A differential growth response was observed from the cowpea plants under glass house conditions. A treatment plan designed showed that P4 plants showed a significant defense response against the biotic stress of M. arenaria as indicated by the percentage response of several growth parameters such as-plant height of 49.22 § 0.89 %, plant fresh mass of 46.12 § 0.83 %, plant dry mass of 9.3 § 0.17 % and nodule number of 38 § 0.68 % were reported in P4 plants after 6 weeks of J2s inoculation. Confocal microscopy of root sections of P3 cowpea plants revealed the presence of M. arenaria J2s in the corti-cal and provascular regions, however, in case of P4 plants an intact cellular structure was maintained. The application of AgNP didn't show any toxic effect on the growth of plant.
... The color of the fermented AgNPs solution changed from black to dark brown, and the unfermented AgNPs solution changed from dark brown to light brown after 10 min ( Figure 1A,B), indicating the successful formation of AgNPs [38]. Furthermore, there were no further color changes after incubation of the samples for 24 h because the Ag + silver metal ions were reduced to Ag • silver nanoparticles. ...
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Green synthesis is a promising strategy for producing eco-friendly, non-toxic, and less expensive metallic nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. This research synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from fermented leaf extract of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC). The physicochemical characterization of AgNPs was conducted by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The results indicated the successful formation of AgNPs by a visual change of color in fermented bush tea leaf extract from black to brown and in unfermented bush tea leaf crude extract from dark brown to light brown. The UV-vis spectrum of the reaction of the mixture of synthesized AgNPs with unfermented and fermented bush tea showed maximum absorbance at 457 nm and 450 nm, which confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR revealed the functional groups of a leaf extract from bush tea that contributed to the reduction and capping process. The thermal properties suggest that low thermal stable compounds contributed to the reduction of Ag+ to Ag° in the phyto compounds found in the extract. The total phenolic content was higher in fermented AgNPs (290.44 mg/g GAE) compared to unfermented AgNPs (171.34 mg/g GAE). On the other hand, the total flavonoid content was higher in unfermented AgNPs (17.87 mg/g CE) than in fermented AgNPs (9.98 mg/g CE). Regarding antioxidant activity values, unfermented AgNPs had the highest FRAP (535.30 TE/mL) and 47.58% for DPPH. Fermented AgNPs had more antimicrobial activity than unfermented AgNPs. The results show that bush tea leaf extract can be used in different industries such as food, cosmetics, and biomedical.
... The goal of this work is to use the disc diffusion method to assess the antibacterial potential of methanolic plant extracts of Euphorbia deccanensis V. S. Raju and Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex Ainslie with AgNPs generated from these two plant species against gram-negative foodborne pathogens. We selected the Euphorbia species because it has been noted that members of the Euphorbiaceae family, particularly those belonging to the genus Euphorbia, have white latex that contains oils, keto steroids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenoids that may help in the conversion of silver nitrate to silver ions [10]. In the current study, silver ions were converted into AgNPs by using the phytoconstituents of two Euphorbia plants. ...
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Nanotechnology is undeniably a cutting-edge technology with several scientific and technological applications. Nanoparticle stabilisation and application is an area of modern science that is getting a lot of interest from researchers across the world. The use of plants to synthesise metal nanoparticles has been extensively explored and regarded as a non-toxic and efficient technology for use in the biomedical industry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the antibacterial potential of two medicinal Euphorbia plant extracts and their biosynthesised silver nanoparticles against gram-negative pathogens found in food. Antimicrobial formulations in the form of nanoparticles have a bactericidal effect due to their high surface/volume ratio, resulting in increased reactivity. The present study showed that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesised by using aerial parts of plant extracts exhibited a prominent peak around 400–500 nm in UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis. The SEM analysis not only confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs but also described the spherical-shaped nanoparticles. Another important characteristic, such as elemental composition and constituent capping agent, has been determined by Fourier transform infrared method. The antibacterial efficacy of green generated AgNPs and methanolic plant extracts against gram-negative foodborne pathogens was investigated using the disc diffusion method. According to the findings, AgNPs have higher antibacterial activity than plant extracts, and the activity is concentration dependent. AgNPs appear to exhibit substantial antibacterial activity, suggesting that they could be developed as a new class of antimicrobial medications for the treatment of bacterial illnesses, including multidrug-resistant infections. Furthermore, HR-LC/MS analysis of both plant extracts revealed that each plant contains around 48 bioactive phytochemical compounds with a diverse range of effects, which are also involved in nanoparticle production and contribute in the prevention of incurable diseases.
... The broad absorption band at 400 nm is related to the Surface Plasmon Resonance of silver nanoparticles (SPR). When subjected to electromagnetic radiation, silver nanoparticles vibrate, and this oscillation generates a unique peak value via [16]. The observed broadening of the peak, according to [17], indicates that the nanoparticles were polydisperse. ...
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The fast production of silver nanoparticles utilizing plant latex extract from Euphorbia tirucalli L. is revealed in this study where the application of Euphorbia tirucalli latex extract in the green manufacture of Ag-NPS has been investigated as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Euphorbia tirucalli latex silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were investigated using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and produced a surface plasmonic resonance peak at 400 nm. The size of Euphorbia tirucalli AgNPs was determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed nanoparticles ranging in size from ten to sixty nm, with average of 51.6 nm. The main significance of active functional groups in the reduction and stability of Euphorbia tirucalli AgNPs is revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
... Stems of the plant contain significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds, especially phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavanonols such as astilbin. 164,165 Khalir et al. 166 showed that the aqueous stem extract from Entada spiralis could reduce AgNO 3 precursor for the synthesis of AgNPs, which exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Grampositive (e.g., S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gramnegative (e.g., E. coli and Proteus vulgaris). The diameter and antibacterial activity of AgNPs were correlated to the reaction time and initial concentration of the stem extracts and metal precursors. ...
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Nature has inspired scientists to develop green and sustainable nanomaterials with biomimetic functions. Particularly, biomimetic metallic nanostructures (biometal NPs) with unique optical, catalytic, and electrical properties have received tremendous attention in many fields, ranging from healthcare and agriculture to energy and environmental sciences. Biometal NPs synthesized by various natural resources such as plant extracts, biomolecules, bacteria, and even viruses possess unique biomimetic functions including but not limited to precise biorecognition, self-assembly, antibacterial/antiviral, and enzymatic properties. In this report, we first review the bioinspired synthesis of industrially important metal nanoparticles, followed by the discussion on how the different biological sources affect the biomimetic functions of the as-synthesized biometal NPs. Next, we review the recent advancement and applications of these biometal NPs in the fields of biomedical engineering and catalysis, which include the development of metallic nanobiosensors, biomedical imaging probes, nanotherapeutics (e.g., antimicrobial and photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic agents), as well as the design of multifunctional nanozymes and artificial metalloenzymes for chemical and biopharmaceutical industries. Finally, we highlight some of the latest advancements in nanobiomimicry and their emerging applications in clean energy, electronic devices, and data storage, which shows the game-changing role of biomimetic metallic nanostructures for various technological applications in the near future.
... In this method, solvents, reducing, and stabilizers agents are selected from natural non-toxic and eco-friendly substances without any adverse effects on the environment. (Tables 1 & 2) Many research papers reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts such as Croton sparsiflorus (Ban tulasi) [1]; Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) [5]; Musa paradisiaca (Banana) [6]; Aloe vera [7]; Enteromorpha flexuosa (Green alga) [8]; salvinia molesta (Giant salvinia or exotic weed) [9]; Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape) [10]; Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) [11]; Azadirachta indica (Neem) [11]; Cocos nucifera (Coconut) [12]; Pithophora oedogonia (Green alga) [13]; Aegle marmelos (Bael) [14]; Dalbergia spinosa [15]; Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife) [16]; Euphorbia confinalis (Spurge) [17]; ...
... The stem extract of Euphorbia confinalis from Euphorbiaceae family showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 12-18nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against E. coli, S. aureus and analyzed by UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR[17]. The phytochemical compounds catechin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7glucoside, and a nonidentified withanolide derivative present in the Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) aqueous leaf extract showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 70 & 110nm[18]. ...
... In the creation of Ag NPs, the numerous functional groups and secondary metabolites found in the genus Euphorbia play an important and promising role. The Fourier [63]. ...
... Ag NPs generated by the Euphorbia milii plant extract have also been shown to have high antibacterial action against Escherichia coli [70]. Silver nanoparticles made from Euphorbia confinalis stem extract had a substantial bactericidal effect, because the produced nanoparticles were more effective against human infections than the plant extract [63]. ...
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Nanotechnology is important in all fields of science. Silver nanoparticles, among the many metal nanoparticles, play an essential role in a wide range of applications in diverse fields. Nanoparticles are created using a variety of physical and chemical approaches. Synthesis utilising plant extracts, on the other hand, appears to be more important because it avoids the drawbacks of traditional procedures, such as time-consuming, high-energy needs, and the use of dangerous chemicals. Plant extract-based silver nanoparticle synthesis is usually eco-friendly, environmentally benign, low-cost, and readily scaled up for large-scale synthesis, and it is always preferable due to its advantages over other conventional approaches. Euphorbia plants are therapeutic as well as pharmacologically important. They contain a variety of phytoconstituents with a wide range of possible bioactivities and functional groups. Proper awareness of the participation of phytometabolites during the creation of nanoparticles is highly advised for better nanotechnology advancements. Previous research on the Euphorbia genus indicated phytoconstituents’ potential applications in a variety of disciplines. Due to the scarcity of research in this subject, the manufacture of silver nanoparticles and subsequent analysis of the role of phytometabolites will be extremely beneficial. The utilisation of several extracts from different Euphorbia plant species for the green production of silver nanoparticles is discussed here. Different phytochemicals involved in the nanoparticles’ synthetic mechanism and phytoconstituents that act as stabilising, capping agents during nanoparticle production are also described. The bioactivities of the produced silver nanoparticles varied, with antibacterial characteristics being the most important. In this review, the antifungal, antiparasitic, nematicidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antioxidant, and larvicidal capabilities of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles are briefly discussed.
... In this method, solvents, reducing, and stabilizers agents are selected from natural non-toxic and eco-friendly substances without any adverse effects on the environment. (Tables 1 & 2) Many research papers reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts such as Croton sparsiflorus (Ban tulasi) [1]; Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) [5]; Musa paradisiaca (Banana) [6]; Aloe vera [7]; Enteromorpha flexuosa (Green alga) [8]; salvinia molesta (Giant salvinia or exotic weed) [9]; Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape) [10]; Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) [11]; Azadirachta indica (Neem) [11]; Cocos nucifera (Coconut) [12]; Pithophora oedogonia (Green alga) [13]; Aegle marmelos (Bael) [14]; Dalbergia spinosa [15]; Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife) [16]; Euphorbia confinalis (Spurge) [17]; ...
... The stem extract of Euphorbia confinalis from Euphorbiaceae family showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 12-18nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against E. coli, S. aureus and analyzed by UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR[17]. The phytochemical compounds catechin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7glucoside, and a nonidentified withanolide derivative present in the Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) aqueous leaf extract showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 70 & 110nm[18]. ...
... In this method, solvents, reducing, and stabilizers agents are selected from natural non-toxic and eco-friendly substances without any adverse effects on the environment. (Tables 1 & 2) Many research papers reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts such as Croton sparsiflorus (Ban tulasi) [1]; Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) [5]; Musa paradisiaca (Banana) [6]; Aloe vera [7]; Enteromorpha flexuosa (Green alga) [8]; salvinia molesta (Giant salvinia or exotic weed) [9]; Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape) [10]; Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) [11]; Azadirachta indica (Neem) [11]; Cocos nucifera (Coconut) [12]; Pithophora oedogonia (Green alga) [13]; Aegle marmelos (Bael) [14]; Dalbergia spinosa [15]; Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife) [16]; Euphorbia confinalis (Spurge) [17]; ...
... The stem extract of Euphorbia confinalis from Euphorbiaceae family showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 12-18nm. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum activity against E. coli, S. aureus and analyzed by UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and FTIR[17]. The phytochemical compounds catechin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin-7glucoside, and a nonidentified withanolide derivative present in the Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) aqueous leaf extract showed the formation of nanoparticles of spherical shaped with a size of 70 & 110nm[18]. ...
... The synthesis of metallic nanoparticales can be done by reducing metal ion utilizing some chemical molecular .most of the plants have an example of free radicals scavenging molecular such as phenolic compound, nitrogen compounds ,vitamins, reducing sugar, terpioned and some other metabolites that are opulent in anti oxidant activity. [2] Capping agent are biological or constituents naturally obstruct the reaction and particles growth in the nanoparticales synthesis .this nanostructure or nanocrystal must be capped appropriately to act bio compatible ,functional and constant resistant to aggregation in biological system because of the small size nanoparticales tend to have a higher surface energy compared to bulk material .which ...
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The present study was carried out by the formation of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) using a plant extract from the seeds of Coriandrum sativum for the biosynthesis of Ag2O NPs from silver nitrate solution. Data was characterized using furrier transform infrared radiation FTIR, X-ray diffraction XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated a successful creation of nanoparticles of Ag2O. FTIR spectra showed a band around (501.49 cm-1), corresponding to the double bond of oxygen of Ag2O and XRD pattern identified the appearance of Ag2O nanoparticles, where six strong peaks were observed at 2θ (32,38, 46, 56,65and 75°) related to Ag2O compared with the reference [11], and that indicated to the formation of these particles. Images of AFM showed Ag2O NPs with an average diameter of (57.31 nm) and SEM indicated a distribution of cubic shape of Ag2O NPs. In addition, the order of reaction was pseudo-first-order. The value of activation energy, enthalpy, the change in entropy and Gipps free energy has calculated. The value of activation energy was (+1.37j\ mol), the value of enthalpy (-1.371 j\mol), the negative value of enthalpy was heat emission. The value of entropy was (+56.53 j\mol) and the value of Gipps free energy was (-3.957 J\mol). In this study, silver oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the bio-synthesis method. The diameter of this particles was (57.31) nm. The kinetics and thermodynamic of this reaction were studied and proved by a chemical equation.