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Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate the distributions of grand total numerical scores of event-specific, single-issue polygraph examinations with four relevant question (RQ) test formats, such as the Air Force Modified General Question Technique (AFMGQT) and a similar format developed by researchers at the University of Utah (Utah CQT). Mean...
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Citations
... Opting for the Evidence-Based strategy means concentrating on the Criterion Validity and the Accuracy Rate, as was manifested by conducting Monte-Carlo computations (e.g., Nelson&Handler,2008;Nelson, 2011;Raskin, Honts, Nelson & Handler 2015) and a variety of Meta-Analyses (e.g., American Polygraph Association, 2011 ;Honts, 2004;Kircher, Horowitz, & Raskin, 1988;National Research Council, 2003). However, this approach ignores the Construct Validity. ...
The essentials of the Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) theoretical framework for explaining the Comparison Question Test (CQT) (Ginton, 2009), is presented here in a detailed outline format. It is based on the notion that examinees who lie on the test in
the relevant questions are attached psychologically to the relevant issue in a different
way than the truth-tellers. An essential difference is the strength by which the suspect’s
attention is directed, focused, and bound to the relevant issue. These aspects of attention in the context of polygraph examinations are coined, Relevant Issue Gravity (RIG) Strength. The RIG strength is assumed to distribute differently between the liars and
the truth-tellers. Th ere is reason to believe that liars hold a stronger RIG compared to
the truthful subjects, and eventually, that affects the differential reactivity to the relevant vs. comparison questions. Th e following describes the rationale behind the RIG
concept, some supporting data, and the theoretical as well as practical implications.
... Prior publications described a four-question diagnostic exam with grand totaling (Nelson, 2018;Raskin, Honts, Nelson & Handler, 2015;Raskin & Honts, 2002;Raskin & Kircher, 2014). Published information suggested this may be a more powerful test format than the two-question diagnostic test. ...
The Center for the Treatment of Problem Sexual Behavior in Connecticut administers post-conviction sex offender testing to offenders who are on state and federal probation or parole. Over the years the examiners have switched the methods they use to administer the instant offense exam. All exams in this comparison were scored with the Empirical Scoring System or the Empirical Scoring System, Multinomial. The methods that were used were either a 2-question diagnostic test, or a 4-question diagnostic test. Each method used grand total scoring per series. Outcome comparisons for the 2-question diagnostic test and the 4-question diagnostic test showed a reduction in the number of inconclusive results by 55%, a difference that was statistically significant (p = .006). The reduction of inconclusive results observed in this analysis provides support for the hypothesis that the 4-question test is a more powerful alternative than the 2-question test. It is suggested that polygraph examiners consider administering instant offense testing use a 4-question diagnostic test with a grand total scoring method to reduce their inconclusive rate.
... n e n e in ui y m el atitioners, Nelson, Handler, Oelrich and Cushman (2014) described the rationale for a more generalized usage of polygraph test formats for e en -e i ia n i e am el n an Handler (2017) described a general procedural rationale for the selection of a test formats for screening and diagnostic exams, indicating that while statistical multiplicity may lead to reduced precision for screening with more relevant questions, precision of diagnostic exams may be increased through the use of more relevant questions and the acquisition of a greater volume of test data. Raskin, Honts, Nelson & Handler (2015) reported the results of a Monte Carlo analysis of these examinations, and suggested that criterion accuracy with four relevant questions can equal or exceed that or other examination formats when these exams are evaluated with an assumption of non-independent criterion variance. The present study was designed as a replication, in an attempt to increase the available published information a u u ele an ue i n e en -e i polygraphs, including: test sensitivity, specii y al e-ne a i e an al e-i i e e an in n lu i e e ul u in n me el cases. ...
Criterion accuracy was evaluated for event-specific polygraph exams with four relevant questions. The sample included n=15 innocent cases and n=15 guilty cases, selected from an archive of confirmed field cases that was compiled by the Department of Defense in 2002. All cases employed relevant questions that described both direct and indirect involvement in the crime under investigation. Physiological responses were extracted from recorded computer software designed to execute the scoring procedures described in the published literature. Numerical scores were assigned using the Empirical Scoring System. A multinomial likelihood function was used to calculate a statistical value for the numerical scores. The cases were classified as either deceptive, truthful or inconclusive using two-stage decision rules and a naïve-Bayes classifier for which the 95th percentile limit of the credible interval for the posterior odds of deception or truth-telling was calculated using the Clopper-Pearson method. They were classified as deceptive when the 95th percentile limit of the credible interval for the posterior odds of deception exceeded the prior odds of one to one. Similarly, the samples were classified as truthful when the 95th percentile limit of the posterior odds of truth-telling exceeded the prior odds. Results for two of the sample cases (7%) were inconclusive because the 95th percentile limit of the posterior odds did not exceed the prior odds. Correct classifications were made for 93% of the 28 cases where the posterior odds were statistically significant (where the 95th percentile limit of the credible interval exceeded the prior odds). Test sensitivity to deception was observed at .87, and test specificity to truth-telling was also observed at .87. These results are consistent with previously published descriptions of event-specific examinations with four relevant questions.
The article presents an information-analytical review for the purpose of introducing the psychophysiological approaches to assessment of disorders of sexual preference with the use of penile plethysmography and the polygraph. It briefly explores the historical aspects of the use of psychophysiological methods in criminological and sexological practice. The necessity for their use in the forensic psychiatric examinations is substantiated. The methodological support for both methods has been described in detail. The article focuses on the problems, which generally affect the validity and reliability of penile plethysmography and the polygraph.
