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Erigeron sumatrensis: a-habit; b-leaf rosette; c-part of the synfl orescence (photos V. Vladimirov).
Source publication
Erigeron sumatrensis is reported as a new alien species for the Bulgarian flora. It was introduced much earlier but remained unrecognised, probably confused with E. bonariensis. The species is described concisely, illustrated and compared with similar naturalised species in the Bulgarian flora. E. sumatrensis is relatively widespread in the country...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... sumatrensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 5 (1788) 28 (syn.: Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker) (Fig. 1) Grayish-green annual, (50)100-150(200) cm, erect, densely hairy; hairs of two types -evenly distribut- ed, directed upward, appressed short hairs and scat- tered, somewhat uneven, ±patent, longer hairs. Leaves numerous, simple, alternate, the lower elliptic-lanceo- late to oblong-ovate, petiolate, remotely dentate (with 3-6 teeth on ...
Context 2
... at least two decades ago. However, the taxon remained unrecognized from E. canadensis and E. bonariensis, mainly due to the lack of appropri- ate taxonomic literature, e.g. Flora Europaea (Cronquist 1976) gives only two species of Conyza for the whole of Europe. The main distinguishing characters of the three species are presented in Table 1 and Figs. 1 and 2. Additionally, E. sumatrensis differs from E. bon- ariensis in the larger cauline leaves (in E. bonariensis usually not bigger than 4-6 × 0.2-0.4 cm) and shorter peduncles, which are usually as long as, or up to twice Table 1. Distinguishing morphological characters of Erigeron bonariensis, E. canadensis and E. sumatrensis (based on ...
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Citations
... In Europe, it has been naturalized mainly in the southern and western parts of the continent, and in some countries, it is also considered invasive. It usually occurs in sun-exposed and dry anthropogenic habitats, on roadside verges, railway tracks, old walls, coalmine heaps, abandoned fields, as well as on river banks (Vladimirov 2009;Randall 2017;Maslo & Šarić 2020;Liendo et al. 2021; Manual of the Alien Plants of Belgium 2022a). The first record of E. sumatrensis in Poland came from Głogoczów near Mogilany, Lesser Poland Province, in 2016 (Pliszko 2016). ...
The presented 10 th part of the series includes fifteen new chorological records, one from Czechia, two from Hungary, three from Poland, five from Slovakia and four from the Ukrainian Carpathians. In Czech Silesia, Arum maculatum, considerably remote from the species continuous distribution area, was found. In Hungary, spreading of Geranium sibiricum and Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum was recorded. In Poland, two alien Erigeron sumatrensis and Lepidium didymum were found as well as the native species Typha shuttleworthii, which is considered vulnerable. In Slovakia, new localities of Scorzonera humilis, Stellaria ruderalis, Taraxacum serotinum and Typha shuttleworthii were found as well as alien Portulaca grandiflora. New records of Centaurea kotschyana, Euphrasia salisburgensis, Galium album subsp. suberectum and Salix retusa were reported in the Ukrainian Carpathians.
... Conyza sumatrensis and other species including Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (flaxleaf fleabane) are now commonly found in cotton production areas of Australia. Both species usually grows in warmer areas and requires environmental conditions similar to cotton crop in Australia (Vladimirov, 2009). Australian cotton cropping systems adopt glyphosatetolerant varieties that allow the use of glyphosate in crop, thereby exerting high selection pressure for glyphosate-resistant weeds. ...
Herbicide resistance in weeds necessitates the continued monitoring of herbicide resistance evolution in weed species. This study investigated the level of paraquat resistance in two species of Conyza including Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker (tall fleabane) and Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (flaxleaf fleabane). Twenty-two biotypes of C. bonariensis and three biotypes of C. sumatrensis were screened for paraquat resistance evaluation. All tested biotypes of C. bonariensis were susceptible to paraquat at the recommended rate of 500 g a.i./ha. Whole plant dose–response assays showed that the two biotypes (TF-COLEA and TF-NANDI) of C. sumatrensis are resistant to the herbicide paraquat, with a ED50 more than fourfold that of the susceptible biotype (TF-TALWD). The two resistant biotypes also showed a hormetic growth increase at two lower doses (62.5 and 125 g a.i./ha) of paraquat, resulting in 31% and 17% higher biomass production at 62.5 g a.i./ha of paraquat, and 19% and 11% at 125 g a.i./ha of paraquat for the resistant biotypes TF-NANDI and TF-COLEA, respectively, than those of the untreated control. The two resistant biotypes at the two lower doses of paraquat generated 33% to 65% higher numbers of seed buds/plant in TF-COLEA and 40% to 68% in TF-NANDI compared to the untreated control. Such stimulatory responses to lower rates of paraquat can enhance the competitiveness of these resistant plants against neighboring weed and crop plants, potentially increasing the seedbank size of resistant biotypes.
... In Europe it occurs primarily in waste dumps, fields, vineyards, along roadsides and railways, but also in disturbed areas of native vegetation, and in natural sand dunes or grasslands (Thébaud & Abbot 1995 (Greuter 2006). In the Balkan Peninsula, E. sumatrensis has been recorded in Greece (Danin 1976), Albania (Baltisberger & Lippert 1987), European Turkey (Davis et al. 1988), Croatia (Čarni 1996(Čarni , Milović 2004, Slovenia (Čarni 1996), Serbia (Niketić & Jovanović 2002), Bulgaria (Vladimirov 2009 (SARA) and field records. ...
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. is native in South America, widely naturalized in Europe and has been recently
recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the period of 2019-2020, it was recorded at 35 new localities
in South Herzegovina and Central Bosnia. On the basis of the number of populations and the numbers of
individuals within populations, we assume that this species is now invasive in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
... Later on, it was also confirmed for several localities in Serbia proper: E Serbia − surroundings of Niš, Leskovac and Gadžin Han by Zlatković & Bogosavljević (2014) and NE Serbia − surroundings of Kladovo and Knjaževac and Šumadija − Ripanj near Belgrade by Bogosavljević & Zlatković (2018). Erigeron sumatrensis grows in sunny warm habitats, usually ruderal one such as: along railroad tracks, abandoned arable land, road embankments and field margins, but it was also recorded in secondary grasslands, in near proximity to railways and roads (Vladimirov 2009). The results of our intensive field research in the area of Serbia Proper have confirmed its great invasive potential, so E. sumatrensis recently been observed on clearings within the forests of the lower belt in many locations. ...
The paper propose nine new nomenclature combinations and indicate eight
new synonyms. There are 12 taxa (species and subspecies) of vascular flora which
are new for the flora of Serbia (of which nine are autochthonous and three allochtonous plants). An old or unreliable literature records for three autochthonous
and one allochthonous plant in the flora of Serbia has been confirmed. Eight plant
taxa are a novelty for proper Serbia, Vojvodina, or Kosovo and Metohija, and for
three plants, presence in certain administrative units in Serbia has been proved. The
last part of the paper contains information on eight taxa whose presence in Serbia
or in its territorial units has been refuted.
... The studies conducted in the '70 s and the '80 s had a focus on floristics with emphasis on rare species (Bondev and Radenkova, 1969;Velchev and Vasilev, 1976;Velev, 1978;Koeva-Todorovska, 1985). Few vegetation studies had been conducted at that time, mainly following the traditions of the dominant approach (Kochev, 1976;Meshinev et al., 1982; vegetation of some of the largest dune complexes (Meshinev et al., 1994;Filipova-Marinova et al., 1997;Filipova-Marinova and Filipova, 2005;Valcheva et al., 2019); rare plant species (Petrova and Apostolova, 1995); classification of dune vegetation (Tzonev et al., 2005) and numerous publications about newly established species distribution (Panov, 1996;Petrova et al., 2005;Dimitrov and Trifonov, 2006;Petrova, 2008;Vladimirov, 2009;Grozeva, 2012;Štěpánek and Kirschner, 2014;Tashev and Tashev, 2015;Ostroumova and Stoyanov, 2016;Tashev et al., 2016). ...
This study is the first overview of the floristic diversity of Bulgarian coastal dunes in terms of the presence of typical psammophytic or non-psammophytic plant species. It also aims to reveal changes in sand dune flora over time, based on own samples and existing data from previous studies. Our original floristic data was extracted from 154 phytosociological plots sampled in 12 large dune systems during 2017. All available literature sources were compiled to derive a list of vascular plants recorded for Bulgarian coastal dunes between 1905 and 2016. Due to the different scientific approaches applied in previous publications we split the studies into three periods over time: (I period: 1905 1950; II period: 1951–1990; III period: 1991–2016), and separate lists were also prepared for each. All vascular plants were assigned to one of five groups, according to their general habitat preference: 1) psammophytes, 2) weeds and ruderals, 3) grass- and shrubland plants, 4) forests plants and 5) alien (including invasive) species. The full species list comprises 501 taxa, and the highest number of species was compiled from publications after 1990. Across all periods and studied dune complexes, grass- and shrubland plants were most abundant, while other non-psammophyte species groups showed low presence. A comparison of data from 2003 and 2015 showed that species richness of psammophytes decreased over time, which is in contrast to the average number of weeds and ruderals, and particularly to species richness of grass- and shrubland species. Our results show that a core group of characteristic psammophytes remains constant through all study periods. Alien (including invasive) species still are limited in abundance but there is an alarming recent increase in their numbers. We believe that our synthesis will be of use for further floristic inventories of Pontic sand dunes.
... and E. canadensis L. are common noxious weeds throughout the country (SOÓ 1970, SIMON 2000, BALOGH et al. 2004, KIRÁLY 2009). Further Erigeron species of warm-temperate/subtropical origin became naturalized in some European countries in the last decades (CRONQUIST 1976, PALMER 1984, WURZELL 1988, REUTELINGSPERGER 2000, VERLOOVE and BOULLET 2001, ŠÍDA 2003, GREUTER 2006-2018, FUNK et al. 2009, VLADIMIROV 2009, VLADIMIROV et al. 2016. Erigeron bonariensis L. and E. sumatrensis Retz. ...
... The number of female florets per capitula is 60-150, the laminae of ligular florets are very short (<0.3 mm) or absent. The achenes are 1-1.5 mm long, with 3-4 mm long pappus of white hairs (VLADIMIROV 2009, NEGREAN and CIORTAN 2012, VERLOOVE 2019 (Fig. 1). ...
... The highest value of genetic identity reported in our study (I = 0.8293) was between C. canadensis and C. sumatrensis. The highest value of molecular similarity between C. canadensis and C. sumatrensis is in agreement with the highest similarity reported based on morphological parameters (Pruski & Sancho, 2006;Vladimirov, 2009). ...
The distinction among Conyza canadensis, C. bonariensis, and C. sumatrensis is a challenge for weed science. In the current study, primers for microsatellite (SSR) loci were used to investigate the molecular divergence among the three species, the genetic structure of the populations at the molecular level and the level of genetic admixture among Conyza plants from southern Brazil. Twelve primers amplified well-defined DNA segments for all 88 samples of the three Conyza species. The estimated proportion of SSR polymorphic loci, number of alleles, and mean expected heterozygosity were higher in samples of C. bonariensis than in samples of C. sumatrensis or C. canadensis. Conyza canadensis was the species with the lowest molecular diversity. High genetic divergence was observed among the three species. The well-defined ancestral groups for each species led to the identification of samples of Conyza with ancestral genomes from the three species. Hybridization events between pairs of these species may have occurred in crop fields from southern Brazil. The high molecular diversity in resistant biotypes of C. sumatrensis indicated that these biotypes have a high potential to colonize new areas, which increases its potential as a weed.
... In Europe, it has been reported as a naturalized species in Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Croatia, Montenegro, Italy, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Malta, Turkey, and as a casual alien in Switzerland, Ireland and Sweden (Greuter, 2006(Greuter, -2016randall, 2012 and the literature cited therein). It is a thermophilous species that favours arid, sun-baked niches (Wurzell, 1988), and usually occurs in anthropogenic habitats such as abandoned fields, gardens, railway embankments, roadsides, cracks in paving and brick walls (Wurzell, 1988;hao et al., 2009;VladimiroV, 2009;anastasiu & memedemin, 2012). Moreover, ninot et al. (2010Moreover, ninot et al. ( -2011 mentioned that E. sumatrensis is a component of the ruderal plant community Astero squa mati-Amaranthetum viridis Carretero 1993 formed under the warm Mediterranean conditions. ...
... hao et al. (2009) pointed out that the high and rapid production of achenes, high dispersal capability of achenes as well as rapid germination enhances the invasiveness of E. sumatrensis. Since the plant is restricted to warm regions and habitats (Wurzell, 1988;VladimiroV, 2009), its establishment in Poland as well as in Eastern European countries seems to be difficult, however, the global warming may increase the chance that the plant will extend its distribution area in temperate zones in the future as it was evidenced in the case of other alien species (Walther et al., 2009). ...
Erigeron sumatrensis is newly reported as casual alien in Poland. A single plant was found growing on the edge of the roadside in Głogoczów near Mogilany, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. The locality was mapped by using the ATPOL cartogram method, and the pathway of introduction by road transport was presented. Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. yra svetimžemė, į Lenkiją atsitiktinai patekusi rūšis. Vienas šios rūšies augalas pirmą kartą buvo aptiktas 2016 metų rugsėjo 14 dieną Głogoczów kaime (į pietvakarius nuo Mogilany, Mažosios Lenkijos vaivadija, Pietų Lenkija). Jis augo krašto kelio šalikelėje ruderalinių augalų bendrijoje. Radvietė kartografuota naudojant ATPOL kartografavimo metodą. Manoma, kad į šalį šios rūšies augalo sėkla pateko automobiliais pervežant krovinius.
... New record for this floristic region. A relatively widely distributed in the country species, so far reported from the Black Sea Coast, Northeast Bulgaria, Danubian Plain, Forebalkan (Western), Sofia region, West Frontier Mts, Valley of River Struma, Mt Belasitsa, Valley of River Mesta, Pirin Mts (Northern), Rila Mts, Thracian Lowland and Tundzha Hilly Country(Vladimirov 2009;Petrova & al. 2013b). New record for this floristic subregion. ...
... Introduced and naturalized to all continents except for Antarctica (Thébaud & Abbott 1995;Pruski & Sancho 2006). In the Balkan Peninsula, E. sumatrensis was recorded in almost all countries: Albania (Baltisberger & Lippert 1987), Bulgaria (Vladimirov 2009;Petrova & al. 2013), Croatia (Milović 2004), Greece (Danin 1976(Danin , 1983, Montenegro (Stešević & Petrović 2010, sub Conyza albida), Romania (Anastasiu & Memedemin 2012), Serbia (Niketić & Jovanović 2002;Vrbničanin & al. 2004), Slovenia (Poldini & Kaligarič 2000), Turkey-in-Europe (Davis & al. 1988: 161-162). Habitat preferences: -Erigeron sumatrensis grows in open, sunny to partly shaded places, mainly in disturbed or man-made habitats -road embankments, railroad tracks, urban areas, waste lands, arable land, row crops, vineyards and orchards. ...
... Invasiveness: -The observed populations of the species in Macedonia are viable and persistent, not dependent on further introductions or maintenance by humans, which suggests that the species should be regarded as naturalized in the Macedonian flora in the sense of Richardson & al. (2000). Invasive behavior of the species has been reported for some of the neighbouring countries, e.g. for Bulgaria (Vladimirov 2009;Petrova & al. 2013). In fact, E. sumatrensis and E. canadensis are considered the most widespread species throughout the world (Thébaud & Abbott 1995) included the small Mediterranean islands (Celesti-Grapow & al. 2016). ...
First report of Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) for the flora of the Republic of Macedonia Abstract Vladimirov, V., Matevski, V., Bancheva, S., Delcheva, M., Kostadinovski, M. & Ćušterevska, R.: First report of Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) for the flora of the Republic of Macedonia. — Fl. Medit. 26: 203-207. 2016. — ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online. Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) is reported for the first time for the flora of the Republic of Macedonia. The taxon was recorded in several localities across the country. It seems, the species was introduced several decades ago, however, it remained unrecognized, mainly due to mis-identification with E. bonariensis. Brief morphological description, based on the material collected from Macedonia, and the habitat preferences of the species are provided. Erigeron sumatrensis has viable and persistent populations and should be regarded as naturalized in the Macedonian flora. The invasive behavior of the species is discussed briefly.
