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Energy gain difference between floating PV and normal PV under solar irradiance from 11.00 am to 1.00 pm.
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Photovoltaicpanels are used to generate electric power. The surface temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) panels will affect theirefficiency,where the increment of temperature will decreasetheir efficiency and total power gain. In this study, we will discuss the performance of an 80 W floating photovoltaic (PV) panel in a pond simulator, whereby in...
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... temperature of the solar panel will have an effect on the total energy gain, where the normal PV produces a lower value than the floating PV, as shown in Figure 3. The average energy 2 produced by the floating PV is 1190 W in average solar irradiation of 896 W/m and the normal 2 PV produces 1030 W in average solar irradiation of 940 W/m in the two-hour experiment, which means that the average total energy gain by the FPV panel is 15.5% higher than the normal PV 2 panel. If the average daily solar irradiance is 5000 W/m , this will produce up to 77.5% greater energy gain by the floating PV than the normal PV, proving that the performance of the floating PV generates a higher energy gain. Furthermore, the roof temperature could increase up to 65°Con a hot and sunny day, when heat is trapped in the roof top. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panel will decrease tremendously, resulting inup to 19.4% of power gain lost from the ...
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In this paper, the function of the pond's seepage problem is derived using versional approach as especial case of generalized dam problem. In this problem the two dimensional cross section will produce problem with two free surfers which are evaluated as a part of the problem using simulating computer program.
Economic development stimulated by the increased demand for production of consumer goods and the growing human population result in increasing amounts of various wastes, including tailings. The mining industry in Poland, comprising also mining of non-ferrous metal ores, is a strategic branch of the national economy and at the same time a leading wa...
Citations
... However, the placement of solar panels on land can lead to conflicts with resource conservation, human activities, agricultural developments, and so on [2]. The issues also cannot be avoided by installing solar panels on bodies of freshwater, such as artificial lakes, natural lakes, and abandoned mining lakes [3][4], although it was found that the efficiency of photovoltaic systems can be enhanced to some extent due to the cooling effect of water [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In this context, the industry is motivated to deploy FPV systems in coastal and offshore regions to utilise the abundant ocean space [13]. ...
Floating photovoltaic (FPV) solar farms have gained significant research and industrial interest in recent years. However, to support its deployment in abundant ocean space, FPV is required to be protected against wave loading. Thus, the usage of a breakwater in front of a floating solar farm is particularly promising. In this work, a time-domain simulation model for an array of FPV solar units in heading and oblique waves was established. Following validation against experiments, the model was used to predict the wave-induced motion and loading responses of each floating solar unit in an array, first without a breakwater, and subsequently with a breakwater. By comparison, it was found that a breakwater can reduce the wave-induced motions of a floating solar farm by up to 56%, alongside up to 55% reduction of loading on the joints between FPV units. However, the breakwater is less effective in relatively long waves and could induce some increase in loading on joints, signifying future work to optimize the design of the breakwater based on the intended environmental condition. Overall, the present results provide insights into a practical breakwater solution for FPV in offshore and coastal conditions, supporting the long-term development of this industry.
... The phenomenon of the disappearance of official vehicles by government employees not only harms state finances but also reflects the weakness of the asset management system and the integrity of the apparatus [3]. Various modes and methods of disappearance of official vehicles have been identified, ranging from document falsification, and data manipulation, to collusion with third parties [4][5] [6]. ...
This research examines the management of official vehicles as state assets, focusing on the identification of disposal methods, recovery efforts, and the evaluation of management strategies based on the principles of good governance. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study includes a survey of 500 civil servants, in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, document analysis, and case studies of 10 incidents of official vehicle disappearance. The results show a significant gap between the current conditions and the target for managing official vehicles, with a loss rate reaching 5% per year. The identified disposal methods include document falsification, inventory data manipulation, illegal ownership, and collusion with third parties. The main weaknesses lie in the aspects of procurement, supervision, and asset disposal. This research recommends strengthening the monitoring system through the implementation of technologies such as GPS and integrated databases, improving the reward and punishment mechanism, and enhancing the capacity of human resources in asset management. The approach covers the legal, administrative, and technological aspects necessary to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the management of official vehicles as state assets.
... In a previous study, which was done in Pakistan, there was a 20% to 28% power gain from the floating solar PV system compared to the ground-mounted system [6]. Also, a study done in Malaysia shows about 10% more power gain in floating solar PV systems compared to the ground-mounted system [7]. A study conducted in Dhanbad, India shows around 10.06% power gain [8] while another research conducted in MANIT-Bhopal in India has shown around 0.79% power gain [9]. ...
Solar power, the most popular renewable energy source, encounters several limitations with conventional ground-mounted solar systems due to land use and several environmental factors affecting solar systems efficiency. Floating solar PV systems offer promising solutions by leveraging water bodies cooling effects, reducing land occupancy, preventing biological fouling, and also reducing the evaporating effect of water bodies. The objective of this research study is to conduct a comparative analysis on the performance of floating PV systems against ground-mounted solar systems, evaluating their efficiency and identifying influencing parameters. Utilizing polycrystalline panels mounted on modular rafts for the floating system and ground-mounted units, data collection under varied conditions aims to analyze the effect of floating type solar PV systems. The outcomes of this research contribute insights into enhancing solar power generation efficiency in tropical contexts, particularly in Sri Lanka. If successful, the study could optimize land utilization, increase renewable energy capacity, and utilize alternative spaces for sustainable power generation. After conducting the study the floating solar system was able to gain 2.06% power gain over ground-mounted PV panels. The performance ratio of the floating solar system was comparatively better (89.6%) compared to the ground-mounted PV system (87.79%). Which shows the floating solar PV systems are more productive and effective in tropical countries like Sri Lanka.
... In [68] studied and evaluated the performance between GMPV and FPVS, demonstrating that in a 2-h research exposed to sunshine, the EG of the floating type was greater than 15.5%. PVSYST software was used in another study to assess the power generation of GMPV and FPVS in Brazilian climate conditions [53]. ...
... According to Al-Siyabi et al. [15], the efficiency of crystalline cells decreases by 0.25% for every degree Celsius increase in temperature. An increase in I sc and a significant decrease in voltage reduce power output and efficiency [16]. The high ambient temperature also negatively impacts the panels, increasing pollution losses [17]. ...
... Figs.16 and 17 compare current and voltage profiles, respectively. With the high temperature the voltage drops over time. ...
... The energy generation from the floating PV is estimated using the mathematics model shown in EQ. (1). In order to simulate the floating solar considering the temperature effect on floating solar, The reference temperature is assumed 5% less as shown in [15]. ...
... As highlighted, the FPV system has shown 11% better generation efficiency than the overland PV system; notably, this performance improvement was due to the passive water-cooling effect, which helped lower the PV working temperature (Figure 24). The same research group [78] conducted a similar experiment; however, the floating structure, the aluminum heat sink, and the PV panel size were bigger than their previous work. The authors found about a 15.5% increase in the produced energy for the two-hour test. ...
Energy and water poverty are two main challenges of the modern world. Most developing and underdeveloped countries need more efficient electricity-producing sources to overcome the problem of potable water evaporation. At the same time, the traditional way to produce energy/electricity is also responsible for polluting the environment and damaging the ecosystem. Notably, many techniques have been used around the globe, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cooling (active, passive, and combined) process to reduce the working temperature of the PV panels (up to 60 • C) to improve the system efficiency. For floating photovoltaic (FPV), water cooling is mainly responsible for reducing the panel temperature to enhance the production capacity of the PV panels, while the system efficiency can increase up to around 30%. At the same time, due to the water surface covering, the water loss due to evaporation is also minimized, and the water evaporation could be minimized by up to 60% depending on the total area covered by the water surfaces. Therefore, it could be the right choice for generating clean and green energy, with dual positive effects. The first is to improve the efficiency of the PV panels to harness more energy and minimize water evaporation. This review article focuses mainly on various PV and FPV cooling methods and the use and advantages of FPV plants, particularly covering efficiency augmentation and reduction of water evaporation due to the installation of PV systems on the water bodies.
... There is a tendency for optimal tilt angles to be smaller near the equator, as opposed to the northern and southern hemispheres, which are expected to have higher tilt angles. [118] The FPV modules can be installed in direct contact with water which can reduce their temperature and enhance their performance. Water bodies have been extensively investigated in the literature for their cooling effect on FPV performance. ...
In recent years, floating photovoltaic (FPV) technologies have gained more importance as a key source of clean energy, particularly in the context of providing sustainable energy to buildings. The rise of land scarcity and the need to reduce carbon emissions have made FPV systems a cost‐effective solution for generating electricity. This review article aims to explore the rapidly growing trend of floating PV systems, which can be a practical solution for regions with limited land areas. The article discusses the structure of the PV modules used in FPV plants and key factors that affect site suitability choice. Moreover, the article presents various techniques for cooling and cleaning FPV to keep optimal performance and discusses feasible trends and prospects for the technology. Finally, this paper proposes the potential integration of FPV systems with other technologies to enhance energy generation efficiency and discusses other research aimed at the advancement of the technology. By examining the various features of FPV systems, this review article contributes to understanding the advantages and challenges associated with using this sustainable energy technology in different regional contexts.
... A similar study [8] shows that energy production for a small project increases by approximately 1.3%, and for a large one by 2.4%. In Majid's study [9], which was conducted for a brief period of time, it was shown that the production increased even by 15.5% in relation to the projects on land. Furthermore, floating solar panels on lakes help to reduce water evaporation, which is especially important in water-stressed areas [10]. ...
The aim of this article is to assess the renewable energy potential (solar and wind) of some representative water bodies for the southern part of Romania, more precisely the lakes Izbiceni, Razim, and Frasinet. As a first step, based on 20 years of ERA5 data (January 2003-December 2022), the monthly average distribution of some important parameters, such as the wind speed, solar irradiance and evaporation, was represented. In the case of the wind speed, the local resources were evaluated for a reference height of 100 m, since this is the level where most of the commercial onshore and offshore wind turbines operate. In this case, the Razim Lake presents a higher wind potential, which can go up to 7 m/s during the wintertime, comparing to 5.5 m/s expected from the Frasinet dam corresponding to the same time interval. This aspect is also reflected by the performances of the Siemens SWT 3.6-120 wind turbine that can provide a maximum power of 0.95 MWh/year in the case of the Razim Lake. In terms of the solar irradiance, there are slight differences between the considered sites, being noticed values in the range 52-277 W/m 2. For these lakes, the water body was gradually covered with floating solar panels, the proposed scenarios involving case studies that go from 10 to 30%. Besides the electricity production, it was found that a solar project can significantly reduce the water evaporation, being associated to a maximum water volume of 15 x 10 6 m 3 (Razim Lake, 30% scenario). Finally, we can mention that a solar/wind project can be successfully implemented in most of the Romanian lakes, especially on the ones associated with the agricultural areas where the water scarcity may intensify in the near future due to climate change.
... Heliostat fields help in reflecting the radioactive rays from the sun to the dish concentrators which then concentrate the solar radiations towards the thermal receiver located at the solar furnace. However, such devices are often complex due to the variability of solar intensity [3,4]. One solution to address the complexity of the variable solar intensity is the use of a solar simulator. ...
Solar energy contributes to the development of various industries involving the energy sector. One of the immediate uses of solar energy is in solar-driven desalination technologies, which gives an impact on the issue of water security and assuring safe water for hard-to-reach communities. However, there are limited studies about solar availability and unpredictability that results in the inefficient performance of solar desalination. The focus of this research is to determine the characteristics of the solar simulator using halogen lamps and aluminum plates as the thermal absorber. This study involves the fabrication and experimentation of a solar simulator using an aluminum metal sheet as a thermal absorber. Halogen lamps were used as artificial sunlight as their source of temperature and solar irradiation. Experimentations are carried out indoors, capable of repetitive performances within defined limits. The actual and simulated data collected such as temperature, solar irradiance, and voltage were compared in this study. Results showed that the simulated data from the simulator is within the acceptable range of values from International Electrotechnical Commission standards. Further improvements in the solar simulator setup involve the improvement of the data gathering tools and automation setup in terms of the design of various angles.
