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The utilization of agricultural machinery was fully mechanized for wheat production in Iraq. This study essentially aimed to inspect inputs – outputs energy for wheat production in Salah Al-Deen, Iraq. The data were obtained from 45 wheat farms by using face to face questionnaire method in 2022. The findings from this study were determined in five...
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Context 1
... the calculation of sample size, criteria of 5% deviation from the population mean and 95% confidence level was used. The recorded farm inputs from the six sources (namely human labor, machinery, fuel, fertilizer application, chemical and seed) used by the wheat farmers and wheat yield from each were converted into equivalent energy values using appropriate conversion coefficients shown in Table 1. The source-wise energy budget in megajoules per hectare (MJ/ha) is evaluated using the classical equation for every one of the farm inputs used by farmers in the cultivation operations of wheat. ...Similar publications
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Citations
... Rotary plow blade design depends on three basic factors: soil conditions, the shape of the blade, and the method of moving the soil. Iraqi farmers usually using moldboard, chisel and disk plows for primary tillage (Abdul-Munaim, 2013;Abdul-Munaim et al., 2020;Al Nuaimi and Al Rijabo 2020;Hamid and Alsabaag, 2023), also many researchers use theses common plows to conduct field research (Alrijabo and Kashmola 2013;Jasim and Alhashimy, 2015;Himoud, 2018;Nafawaah and Mageed, 2019;Jebur et al., 2020;Jebur and Al-Halfi, 2022;Alwash and Al-Aani, 2023;Azawi et al., 2024), yet, a large of farmers use rotary plow for primary tillage because it achieves the objectives of primary and secondary tillage and for prepare the land for planting various types of vegetables and crops where the time for seedbed preparation is very short or limited, pulverization, and mixing manure with the soil. A rotary is agricultural plow smash (break) and pulverization of soil by blades (knives) rotary, it is different from other plows in design, soil moving, degree of pulverization and prepare the seed bed in one pass (Jithender et al., 2017;Kumare et al., 2023;Al-Azzawi and Zeinaldeen, 2023;and Pacheco et al.,2023). ...
For aim of comparing two rotary plow factorial experiment
conducted in silt clay loam. L and C shape of the blade in two rotary plows, tractor speed 4.6 and 8.7 km.h-1 and depth of tillage 8 and 15 cm were used as experiment factors. L blade rotary plow obtained on the best effective field capacity 0.9835 ha.h-1, shortest distance between two beats blade 0.1653 m, pulverization rate (soil clods < 25 mm) and fuel consumption 24.33 L.h-1. C blade rotary plow recorded least maximum tangential force1518.97 kg, specific energy 87.951 MJ.ha-1 and soil force acting on sharpened edge of each blade 303.80 kg. Speed of the tractor 8.7 km. h-1 gave least fuel consumption
23.44 L.ha-1, higher effective field capacity 1.2941 ha.h-1. Tractor
speed 4.6 km.h-1 gave short distance beats of the blades 0.1420 m and high pulverization rate 0.63 %. Depth of tillage 8 cm gave least fuel consumption 23.53 L.ha-1, maximum tangential force 1937.36 kg, specific energy 62.459 MJ.ha-1, higher effective field capacity and pulverization rate 0.9965 ha.h-1 and 0.72 % respectively. Direct and inverse significantly correlations, addition non-significant founded among studied characteristics. Concluded the most influential factors in the experiment traits was speed then depth and both of them more than influent from L and C shape of the blades.
