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The identity of Epidendrum sclerocladium, currently referable to Encyclia, is clarified with the recent collection of material unambiguously referable to this entity. In addition, we provide a new name in Encyclia for this taxon, E. rhizomatosa Tamayo-Cen, Carnevali & G.A.Romero, because the current combination, E. sclerocladia (Lindl. ex Rchb.f.)...
Citations
... The orchid diversity is likely to increase with future explorations into less accessible areas of the Tacaná. For example, for Peru, for many years (Tamayo-Cen et al., 2020), the genus Encyclia was only considered present in the country with eight species; however, during the last explorations, its diversity has risen to 13, of which three are new reports for the country and two are new entities in the process of publication (Tamayo-Cen et al. in press;Ocupa-Horna et al., 2024). Finally, we recommend that researchers include a multidisciplinary approach in future floristic lists (when it is possible), which include as much information as possible from each collection, allowing these data to be useful in future research, such as conservation status analyses. ...
Objective: To assess the number of terrestrial orchid species on the Tacaná volcano, Chiapas, and to empirically observe distribution/elevation patterns and ecological conditions. Design/Methodology/Approach: Random line transect sampling, over two years, for a total of 8 sites, each starting from the vicinity of rural villages. Samples were deposited in the CICY herbarium and analysed using dichotomous keys and field photographs. New records were compared with the GBIF data distribution. Results: 52 different taxa have been identified. 24 species are new records for the Soconusco region, where the Tacaná volcano is located. In this way, the Soconusco region becomes the richest Mexican region for the number of orchid species, joining a total of 351 species. Study Limitations/Implications: Building an accurate prediction model based on environmental and topographic variables could suggest microsites within the Tacaná Park that we have not visited for practical and technical reasons. Findings/Conclusions: The total number of taxa in the Soconusco region increases to 351. Terrestrial orchids are not usually studied in depth in tropical places, but they are also important in the ecological balance of the natural site. A specific inventory could show more richness of tropical ecosystems.
... distributed in the Pacific slope of Ecuador and Peru).For example, among Peruvian Encyclia species, E. naranjapetensis is recognized by its short rhizome, minimally verruculose ovary, yellow anther, and white lip. The other Encyclia species reported for Peru(Tamayo-Cen et al. 2020) are very different vegetative and florally. For example, E. pilosa has a yellow lip (vs. ...
Background:
Encyclia, is a genus with more than 200 species in the Neotropics, eight of which have been previously reported from Peru. During the evaluation of the orchid flora in the forests of the Sicchez district, a small population of an Encyclia species was found that could not be unequivocally matched to any previously known species in the country.
Questions:
Will the recent explorations of Northern Peru result in the reporting of new taxa for the country?
Studied species:
Orchidaceae, Laeliinae, Encyclia Hook, Encyclia naranjapatensis Dodson
Study site and dates:
Sicchez District, Ayabaca Province, Piura Department, Peru, 2022-2023.
Methods:
Specimens were collected and determined by consulting botanical collections available online, taxonomic treatments, checklists, and specialized literature. The conservation status was assessed according to IUCN methodology.
Results:
We report a novelty for Peru, Encyclia naranjapatensis, and an updated description including morphological information on relevant structures that will be used to diagnose this entity. In addition, E. naranjapatensis is part of a basal clade referred to as the E. diurna species group. The conservation status assessment results in Endangered and the species is linked to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest, an endangered ecosystem throughout the Neotropics.
Conclusions:
The recent entity located in Peru correspond to Encyclia naranjapatensis. This discovery allows us to investigate the geographical limits, discuss the phylogenetic and ecological affinities, update the original description, and evaluate its conservation status.
... Encyclia Hook. is a Neotropical orchid genus in the Laeliinae, ranging from southern Florida in the U.S.A. and the Antilles, and from Mexico to northern Argentina and SE Brazil (e.g., Dressler & Pollard, 1974;van den Berg & Carnevali, 2005;Leopardi-Verde et al., 2016). The total number taxa at the rank of species has been variously estimated in around 150 (van den Berg & Carnevali, 2005) to about 180 species (e.g., Carnevali et al., 2018a;Tamayo-Cen et al., 2020). Most of the abundant literature of Encyclia consists of regional floristic treatments and checklists such as (from north to south) Sauleda and Esperón (2016) for the Bahamas, Vale et al. (2014) for Cuba, Nir (2000) for the Antilles, Ackerman (2014) for the Greater Antilles; Hágsater et al. (2005) and the Icones Orchidacearum (e.g., Soto Arenas, 2002a, b) for Mexico;McLeish et al. (1995) for Belize; phylogenies of Encyclia with significative samplings of the genus, and both found statistically incongruent plastid and nuclear topologies. ...
... Total genomic DNA was obtained from fresh leaf tissue with the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The loci were amplified following the protocols of Leopardi-Verde et al. (2016) and Tamayo-Cen et al. (2020). PCR products were sent for purification and sequencing at Macrogen, Korea. ...
... To explore the phylogenetic position and historical biogeography of the E. adenocarpos complex and of the new species proposed here, we downloaded most available sequences of Encyclia and many other taxa of Laeliinae in GenBank, derived mainly from the studies of Bastos (2014) We generated DNA sequences of the rpl32-trnL and ycf1 plastid loci as well as of the nuclear ITS region following the protocols of Leopardi-Verde et al. (2016) and Tamayo-Cen et al. (2020) for the several additional species; these loci have been reported as the most variable of those previously sampled in Encyclia (Leopardi-Verde, 2014;Leopardi-Verde et al., 2016;Tamayo-Cen et al., 2020). In particular, ITS is one the fastest evolving sequence regions in the genome (Hughes et al., 2006) and is powerful in resolving relationships at the genus level and below. ...
We explore the phylogenetic position of the Encyclia adenocarpos complex through a multilocus analysis of Encyclia with the following DNA regions: ITS and plastid rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, and ycf1, analyzed under the Bayesian inference and Maximum Parsimony paradigms. We also performed an analysis of reconstruction of ancestral areas, with particular interest in the first diverging lineages of Encyclia. We used an ad hoc regionalization system designed to fit our distributional Encyclia data to reconstruct the ancestral distribution of the genus and the most relevant nodes. The analyses yielded a moderately well-supported topology with the broadest taxonomic Encyclia sampling yet. Our results indicate the Encyclia adenocarpos complex is monophyletic, highly supported, and sister to a large clade with ca. 95% of the species of Encyclia included in the analyses and suggest the clade is composed of several related, fundamentally allopatric species distributed along the Pacific slopes of Megamexico, including a novelty here proposed, Encyclia mariaeugeniae, which is closely related to Encyclia enriquearcilae yet differing in several diagnostic characters, such as a narrower central lobe to the labellum. The novelty was assessed as EN under IUCN criteria. We provide a key to the E. adenocarpos clade. Our Encyclia phylogeny identifies several clades displaying strong geographic signal; some of these are discussed in terms of morphology, ecological preferences, and pollination syndromes. The reconstruction of ancestral areas indicates with high probability that the earliest diverging nodes of Encyclia occurred in Megamexico. Floral variation within clades suggests the genus colonized geographical areas and underwent diversifications to occupy novel pollination syndromes in a pattern of allopatric, similar assemblages of syndromes composed of unrelated taxa. We present a preliminary species list of Encyclia and their distributions along the major biogeographic areas to provide a hypothesis of diversity patterns and the biogeographical areas where the species occur. As we currently understand the genus, Encyclia consists of 213 taxa, including 179 formally proposed species, 10 undescribed ones, and 25 nothotaxa. We provide five plates depicting 100 species to document the morphological and geographical diversity of Encyclia.
... Some have focused on listing all orchid species from a given country or area (e.g., Crimea [1], Lebanon [2], China [3], Vietnam [4], Sri Lanka [5], Panama [6], or the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula [7]). Others have cataloged specific taxa such as genera in a specific country (e.g., Encyclia Hook. in Cuba [8] or Peru [9]), continent (e.g., Bulbophyllum Thouars in Africa [10]), or region (e.g., Dendrochilum Blume in East Malaysia [11], Bulbophyllum in Borneo [12], or Habenaria Willd. in the Brazilian Rio Grande do Sul [13]). Many works of this type constitute the first step in monograph preparation (e.g., checklist of Catasetum Rich. ...
Bali and Lombok are well known as popular touristic destinations. Both islands are accessible for potential floristic research, but surprisingly, information on their orchid flora is rather scarce and random. During our visits, among other orchid groups, we had an opportunity to observe several representatives of the tribe Malaxideae, which is considered to be one of the biggest and most interesting orchid groups with over 1700 taxa (including synonyms). In this paper, we present the first attempt at organizing the knowledge about these unique, often underestimated, orchids in Bali and Lombok, and we report several new records for both islands. For Bali, there are six from the genus Crepidium and four from Liparis sensu lato, and for Lombok, one from Crepidium and three from Liparis sensu lato.
