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Employment structure of resource-based cities in selected years. Note: Drawing review number of base-maps is GS (2019) No.1719 (Supervised by the Ministry of Natural Resources of China). Source: Drawn by authors.
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The Report on the Work of the Chinese Government in 2021 emphasised that stable employment is the foundation of national development. Therefore, adjustment of the employment structure is one of the main routes for sustainable development of resource-based cities. However, the impact of employment structure on sustained economic growth, particularly...
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... Industrial structure reflects the diversity and modernization of economic activities. By analyzing the industrial structure of a city, we can understand the quality and sustainability of its economic development [33]. Employment rate is an important indicator of a city's labor market condition, which directly affects residents' income and social stability. ...
Coastal cities have the natural resource endowment and location advantages to develop new energy. However, heterogeneity in the economic development of China’s coastal cities has led to differences in the outcomes of environmental regulatory policies and related programs. To elucidate the difference, this paper obtained 5074 clean development mechanism (CDM) projects, which serves as a key instrument of the Kyoto Protocol designed to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development through project-based emissions reductions and conducted a causal identification through quasi-experiment. And DID as well as DDD models are applied to identify the CDM effects on cities’ economic development. Main findings are: (1) Through the DID regression, this paper finds that the development of CDM projects have promoted the development of the city’s economy and lead to the upgrading of cities’ industries. (2) The promoting effects in economic development and employment are more prominent in coastal cities with high levels of economic development. (3) CDM can better facilitate economic development and employment in less developed coastal areas when implemented in conjunction with economic promoting policies. By applying quasi-experimental methods, including DID and DDD models, the research introduces a novel approach to assess the causal effects of CDM projects on city economies, offering fresh insights into sustainable development policies.
... The degree of coupling between the three is not only an important yardstick to measure the sustainable development of a country or region's economy but also a major issue related to whether human beings and nature can live in harmony . Specifically, at the economic level, Ren et al. (2022) discussed the driving factors and spatial effects of employment structure changes on economic growth based on panel data from 115 prefecture-level resource-based cities in China, and proposed solutions for heterogeneous regions. At the ecological level, Dou et al. (2021) systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the coupling and coordinated development of 104 resource-based cities in China from 2001 to 2017, based on the construction of the evaluation system for the coupling and coordinated development of the third generation system of resource-based cities, and identified the problems existing in China's resource-based cities. Regarding polluting the environment, based on evidence from 44 mines in 800 developing economies, von der Goltz and Barnwal (2019) found that although resource extraction can bring wealth, the increase in pollution levels caused by mining activities can affect educational outcomes and health. ...
... Resource-based cities face the challenge of resource depletion and need to adjust their industrial structure in time to realize economic transformation. Ren et al. (2022) stated that resource-depleted cities should alleviate the economic pressure of resource scarcity through innovation and transregional cooperation. Warner's (1995, 1997) studies showed that the resource curse effect poses a significant challenge to the sustainable development of resource-based cities. ...
This study examines managing urban energy systems in the Sichuan Basin, considering natural gas production. An integrated approach assessed the economy, energy, ecology, and technology (EEET) connections. The study identifies systemic issues and significant differences across locations and emphasizes the interdependent nature of economic expansion, energy innovations, and environmental commitment. Findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, providing strategic directions for overcoming barriers to sustainable city and energy advancements, and nurturing resilient urban environments. The EEET framework sheds light on the complex interactions of urban development, enabling officials to focus on areas for improvement. Addressing conflicts can create more cohesive and sustainable urban landscapes, uncovering serious environmental and energy-use issues in cities with dense industrial zones. Decision-makers could prioritize solutions like enforcing pollution controls and encouraging green energy use. Addressing disputes among urban development participants can craft strategies to encourage cooperation, finding win–win outcomes for sustainable city growth.
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To establish a “well-being economy” that prioritizes human and environmental welfare, understanding the relationship between income inequality, research and development (R&D) potential, and human development is crucial. This study delves into these relationships in European Union (EU) countries, focusing on the adoption levels of a circular economy (CE). Analyzing data from the 27 EU member countries spanning 2010 to 2020, a cluster analysis was utilized to categorize nations based on their CE adoption levels. The panel regression analysis findings revealed a marked positive correlation between income and R&D, with countries having a more robust CE adoption showing stronger ties. Furthermore, a notable positive link was discerned between R&D and human development indicators. Despite these significant relationships, the government R&D sector exhibited inefficiencies, especially in countries with heightened CE adoption. These findings carry profound implications for policymakers, urging a redefinition of economic growth metrics and a shift toward a well-being economy that emphasizes human and environmental health.
... Consequently, the factor especially the labor cost of tradable will increase. This further can result of movement of labor from manufacturing to extractive sectors (Chirikure, 2014;Tamba, 2017;Scholvin et al., 2021;Ren et al., 2022). ...
The interconnectedness of sectors displays the demand for inputs and supply as a level of output in any economy. This paper addresses the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Kazakhstan sectors by using input-output tables during 2012-2017. The change in total sectoral production was separated into two parts: the changes in technical coefficients of intermediate inputs and the change in value-added inputs, respectively. The main findings have identified a changing pattern in sectoral performance. At the same time, the result justified that various sectors such as; petroleum, manufacturing, construction, and food processing sectors have shown increased productivity. The country highly depends on extractive industries but still has better manufacturing value-added performance. The study suggests that to combat challenges like COVID-19 and climate change, it is vital to develop human capital and diversity. With diversification and innovative measures, an economy can attain sustainable economic growth in the long term.
... Only through employment can today's graduates from higher education institutions earn an income, learn work values, and find personal development that will lead to success and prosperity. From a macro perspective, employment also helps maintain social stability (Crowley, 2016;Roy and Das, 2019) and boost economic growth (Seyfried, 2011;Ren et al., 2022). In many countries, the cultivation of students' occupationrelated competencies and attributes to improve employment prospects is regarded as a key strategy for the development and transformation of higher education (Sin et al., 2019;Rees, 2021;Healy et al., 2022). ...
Introduction: As the world is consistently driven by the infusion of new-generation information technology and the knowledge economy, college students are placed under mounting pressure in developing occupation-related competencies. Their employability has been receiving growing concerns from stakeholders such as higher education institutions, governments, employers, parents, and even student groups themselves as it plays a decisive role in occupational success, social stability, and economic prosperity. Under the theoretical guidance of social cognitive theory, this study set out to investigate the cognitive and psychological mechanisms through which innovation capability, social adaptability, and self-efficacy influence the employability of college students. It also attempts to analyze the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relations between innovation capability, social adaptability, and employability which has been rarely studied in academia.
Methods: A quantitative approach was employed in this study. Data was collected from 726 undergraduates from 9 higher education institutions in the mainland of China by questionnaire survey method. The research model showed a good fit (χ2/df=4.46, RMSEA=0.069, SRMR=0.049, GFI=0.934, CFI=0.965, NFI=0.955, TLI=0.955). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to this study for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that innovation capability, social adaptability, and self-efficacy significantly and positively correlates with undergraduates’ employability. University students with stronger innovation capability, social adaptability, and self-efficacy tend to be more employable in the job market. Model 4 of SPSS PROCESS Macro revealed that self-efficacy played a mediating role in the correlation between innovation capability, social adaptability, and employability.
Discussion: Undergraduates with higher levels of innovation capability and social adaptability are more confident in their abilities to take specific actions and achieve expected goals, which in turn intensifies their employability. The study suggests the possibility of improving undergraduates’ employability through positive interference of innovation capability, social adaptability, and self-efficacy in the era of information technology and knowledge-based economy.
Research background: Structural change and economic growth characterise any process of economic development and have relevant research background. However, the research on identification of a character of relationships between the phenomena are not conclusive. Researchers either find that economic growth induces structural change and the process is demand-driven or that structural change determines economic growth and the dependencies are supply-driven or that the relation is two-directional with overlapping interdependencies. Moreover, the association may be shaped differently depending on specific development conditions of each economy and transform over time. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationships between economic growth and structural change in the sectional composition of employment in Poland using state-level quarterly data for 2008–2022. It empirically verifies whether economic growth determines structural change or changes in economic structure influence growth in this specific national context, giving insights into a character of the developmental interdependencies. However, the Polish case is only an example of developmental feedbacks that may specify any catching-up economy. Diagnosing the dominating character of the economic relation is of high importance for any modern transforming country and identifying any limitations to the interdependencies may make it possible to avoid the middle-income trap. Methods: The paper examines the causality using Granger-test and analyses the relationships with VAR models. It uses some alternative measures of structural change, namely Norm of Absolute Value (NAV), Modified Lilien Index (MLI), and Clark Index (CI) to catch labour reallocation across sections of economic activity (NACE Rev. 2). They are then adopted in lead-lag models of relationships with economic growth. Findings & value added: The study browses the classical three-sectoral approach to structural transformation using a more detailed structural layout to capture its modern character. Moreover, it compares alternative measures of structural change to derive more detailed conclusions. Methodologically, the study highlights the need for in-depth research into structural change with finer aggregation and measures with different properties. The paper is focused on a specific situation in the Polish economy, for which the relationships have not yet been verified. However, the findings are more universal and may be interesting for any catching-up economy that plans its development policy and needs to focus either on demand- or supply side-relationships. The results suggest rather unidirectional causality running from economic growth to structural change and thus a demand-driven character of the structural modernisation of the Polish economy. This implies the necessity to build stronger inter-sectoral linkages that enable spillover effects that can accelerate growth and induce mutually reinforcing mechanisms of development.
