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Every year, more and more objects are sent to space. While staying in orbit at high
altitudes, objects at low altitudes reenter the atmosphere, mostly disintegrating and adding material to the upper atmosphere. The increasing number of countries with space programs, advancing commercialization, and ambitious satellite constellation projects raise...
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... estimated an influx of 100,000 t/yr. A later update (Nesvorn´yNesvorn´y et al., 2011), using refined orbital characteristics of the IPDs based on meteor radar 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 Meteoroid diameter (m) 10 Figure 1: Variation of the yearly mass influx distribution of Earth's atmosphere with meteoroid mass. The particle diameter is calculated by using a density of 2500 kg/m 3 and assuming a spherical shape. ...Context 2
... we use the 2.02 wt% value from Anders and Grevesse (1989). The absolute elemental mass abundances used in following discussions are listed in Table 1. For further considerations we use mean values. ...Context 3
... the average elemental mass abundances we use data from Wasson (1974); Lodders and Fegley (1998);Mittle- fehldt et al. (1998);Demidova et al. (2007). The derived average composition of each meteorite class as well as details on the data are provided in Appendix B. By weighting the elemental mass abundances with the class frequencies of Table 2, we yield the overall elemental mass abundance of meteorites listed in Table 1. ...Context 4
... it represents the overall elemental composition of meteorites found on Earth. This is used as the average elemental composition of meteorites given in the last column of Table 1. Unit IAB IC IIAB IIC IID IIE IIF IIIAB IIICD IIIE IIIF IVA Appendix C. The number of launches of each launch vehicle is retrieved from Kyle (2019a), for the chinese rockets (CZ-X) also from Krebs (2020a). ...Similar publications
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The massive mega constellation of satellites will have a significant impact on global space safety. With Starlink as an example, this paper is aimed at assessing the risk of in-orbit collision, analyzing the probability of collision in orbit in its natural operating state, and forecasting the probability of secondary collision between the collision...
