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Jerk, also known as jolt, is the rate of change of acceleration. It is a vector quantity and its scalar magnitude is also the third derivative of position of a body or joint of a structure. Its dimension is [length/time 3 ]. Excessive "jerky motion" may result in an uncomfortable stay in buildings, bridges, and ride on trains or trams and it should...
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Holtekamp bridge which is located in Jayapura region between Hamadi and Holtekamp Village in the Northern part of Papua Island. The region constitutes an active earthquake zone with the recurrence frequency and magnitude of the earthquake are relatively high. The region is located on an active fault zone. The seismotectonic setting in the region is...
Citations
... Jerk response spectra were also studied in [26], and formulas and graphs for their determination were proposed. However, the proposals were not supported by any means (e.g., parametric time history analysis). ...
... He et al. [24,25] Jerk response spectra and analytical solution Taushanov [26,27] Jerk response spectra Papandreou and Papagiannopoulos [29] Relative jerk spectra of inelastic SDOF systems Testing and observations from real measurements ...
The time derivative of acceleration, termed jerk, represents a physical property reflected
through a sudden change of acceleration, and is expressed in m/s3. Since jerk is felt by humans, it has been widely used as a common (dis)comfort parameter. In earthquake engineering, due to the inevitable need for further progress in understanding ground motions and soil, structural and non-structural responses, new frontiers need to be examined. Therefore, lately, there has been an increasing interest in jerk, and various research efforts have been made towards its applications. Since a proper overview of the jerk-related literature applicable to earthquake engineering is missing, the main purpose of this paper is to fill the gap and provide a starting point for future studies.
... The physical manifestation of jerk is mostly structural damage, material fatigue, or human comfort. For nearly two decades, jerk is important for comfort evaluations [1,2], motion control [3][4][5][6], earthquake engineering [7][8][9], and other applications. Especially in earthquake engineering, the jerk of strong ground motion and its response spectra reflect the maximum impact response of structures with different periods under strong ground motion. ...
... Especially in earthquake engineering, the jerk of strong ground motion and its response spectra reflect the maximum impact response of structures with different periods under strong ground motion. Measuring jerk is critical for designing ground motion response spectra [10][11][12], analyzing nonstationary characteristics of ground motion frequency [11], and designing earthquake resistant structures [8,9]. ...
... Typical jerk values in different fields aAcceptable comfort for people in vehicles <2Intolerable degree for people in vehicles 6Maximum record in Chi-Chi earthquake >312 a The unit of value is m/s 3 , and the values are from Refs.[9] and[19]. ...
Jerk is directly related to a physical mutation process of structural damage and human comfort. A fiber optic jerk sensor (FOJS) based on a fiber optic differentiating Mach–Zehnder interferometer is proposed. It can directly measure jerk by demodulating the phase of interference light, which avoids the high-frequency noise interference caused by differentiating the acceleration. The sensing theory and sensor design are given in detail. The experimental and theoretical results agree, demonstrating that the FOJS has a high sensitivity, an ultralow phase noise floor, a wide measuring range, and good linearity. The impact test shows that the FOJS can directly measure jerk and has good consistency with a standard piezoelectric accelerometer. The FOJS has potential applications in earthquake engineering, comfort evaluations, and railway design. This is the first time that directly measuring jerk with an optical sensor is reported.
... Regarding the role of the wrist, a previous study mentioned that a single DoF hand with FE at the wrist was comparable to a multi-DoF hand without FE [63]. The large effect size observed between mechanism D and all the others in FE (d = 0.77), and between mechanism B and all the others in PS (d = 8.13), can explain by their excessive jerk cost, which has a destructive effect on the motion of a mechanism [64]. These results are consistent with evidence that the wrist essentially contributes to upper limb motions. ...
... Consequently, their movement trajectories presented too many irregularities and vibrations [65]. In movement mechanics, the movement needs to be kept within specified limits of jerk to avoid damage and to ensure user comfort (less than 2m/s 3 for the train) [64]. Although the jerk limit for upper limb prostheses is unknown, these findings prove that jerk evaluation is important when designing prostheses since excessive jerk has a destructive effect on the motion of a mechanism and can cause discomfort to users. ...
Upper limb prostheses can greatly improve the condition of amputees. However, prosthetic mechanisms have different topologies and there is no consensus on the choice of an appropriate mechanism. This paper evaluates the impact of prosthetic mechanism topology on the prosthesis’ performance during daily tasks. The proposed multibody model is compared to four open-loop and one closed-loop existing mechanisms according to: (1) consumed energy, (2) global and local movement reconstruction errors during inverse kinematics, (3) movement smoothness, which reflects the dynamic appearance of the prosthesis, also called ‘dynamic cosmesis’. Flexion–extension (FE) and pronation–supination (PS) tasks were studied in 15 healthy subjects. All parameters identified at least one group difference (p < 0.0001) in both tasks. Most closed-loop mechanisms (50% in FE and 100 % in PS) including the proposed model were among the most energy-efficient mechanisms. Out of all models, the proposed model was the most energy efficient in FE (2.07 ± 0.69 KJ) and in PS (0.25 ± 0.16 KJ). This model also reproduced the studied movements with the lowest errors (1.39 ± 0.2 mm in FE and 1.38 ± 0.25 mm in PS), especially at the forearm level. The results show that the wrist plays a major role in motion smoothness and that two series mechanisms have exhibited a poor dynamic cosmesis because of their higher jerk cost ((1.73 ± 0.30) × 10¹⁰) in FE and (9.29 ± 17) × 10¹³ in PS tasks)). Finally, the mechanism topology affects the performance of upper limb prostheses and represents a novel aspect in the prostheses design which can be applied to exoskeleton design.
... Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit in regions where earthquakes are prevalent [134,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170] (Table 18). ...
... Jerk is used for exciting the structure due to the fact that it is one of the characteristics of ground motion. Taushanov (2018) [167] Journal of Engineering Mechanics N/A Excessive "jerky motion" affects comfort in building and bridges, and therefore attempts to reduce this phenomenon should be taken into consideration in engineering design. A jerk response spectra is given, which should be considered in seismic analysis of a structure. ...
Rapid changes in forces and the resulting changes in acceleration, jerk and higher order derivatives can have undesired consequences beyond the effect of the forces themselves. Jerk can cause injuries in humans and racing animals and induce fatigue cracks in metals and other materials, which may ultimately lead to structure failures. This is a reason that it is used within standards for limits states. Examples of standards which use jerk include amusement rides and lifts. Despite its use in standards and many science and engineering applications, jerk is rarely discussed in university science and engineering textbooks and it remains a relatively unfamiliar concept even in engineering. This paper presents a literature review of the jerk and higher derivatives of displacement, from terminology and historical background to standards, measurements and current applications.
