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Eight candidate antiviral genes have significant differences in gene expression between virus-present BSF samples and virus-absent BSF samples. (A) Three genes putatively from the Imd pathway in BSF had significant differences in gene expression in virus-present vs. virus-absent BSF. Diap2 was upregulated in virus-absent samples, while hep and IKKbeta were upregulated in virus-present BSF samples. (B) Two genes from the JAK/STAT pathway were upregulated in virus-present BSF samples. Along with these, Raf, a gene whose product has known interactions with the JAK/STAT pathway, was upregulated in virus-absent BSF samples. (C) Two AMPs were significantly upregulated in virus-absent samples. All gene names are derived from their ortholog in Drosophila melanogaster.
Source publication
The mass rearing of animals in close quarters can be highly conducive to microbe transmission, including pathogens. This has been shown multiple times in the case of important industrial insects such as crickets, silkworms, and honeybees. One industrial insect of increasing importance is the black soldier fly (Diptera: Hermetia illucens), as it can...
Citations
... The number of papers published each year on the black soldier fly is impressive and growing exponen-tially (Liu et al., 2023), and its current 'anti-hero' role is congruent with the (apparently) few diseases and natural enemies currently known for this species (Lemke et al., 2022;Barret et al., 2023). Unfortunately, due to the large-scale farming of H. illucens worldwide, often under semi-natural conditions, it is probably only a matter of time before the number of pathogens and antagonists (as parasitoids) increases (Walt et al., 2023(Walt et al., , 2024, similar to other intensive animal production. The aim of this paper is to summarise and review the limited information published to date on the various hymenopteran parasitoids known to be associated with the preimaginal development of the black soldier fly. ...
An overview of parasitoid species found on the black soldier fly is presented. The future significance of these natural enemies remains uncertain. However, a thorough assessment of their impact on black soldier fly farms worldwide is essential. The initial step involves the taxonomic identification and study of the life cycles of the species involved.