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| Effects of Blidingia sp. extract on apoptosis in ileum of lipopolysaccharide -challenged mice. (A) Representative TUNEL (green) staining (200 ×); Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Relative mRNA expression of Caspase 3 (B), Bax (C), cFLIP (D), and Bcl2 (E). CONT, mice gavaged with sterile saline; LPS, mice injected with lipopolysaccharide; and BSE, mice gavaged with Blidingia sp. extract and injected with lipopolysaccharide. Values are expressed as mean±SEM, n = 8; * p < 0.05.
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Blidingia sp. is a green alga that has spread rapidly in Subei Shoal, China. To explore the potential beneficial effects of Blidingia sp., we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of its water-methanol extract of Blidingia sp. in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The results revealed that the administr...
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... staining revealed that the level of apoptosis was higher in LPS-challenged mice when compared with control mice, while no difference was observed between control mice and mice administrated with Blidingia sp. extract ( Figure 4A). Moreover, LPS challenge induced significant increases of mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase 3, while significant decreases of mRNA expression of cFLIP and Bcl2 (Figures 4B-E). ...
Citations
... Treatment with polyphenol ellagic acid can inhibit NF-kB expression in colitis (7,31). Moreover, alga extract with polyphenols suppresses NF-kB phosphorylation in LPS-treated mice (38). Dietary resveratrol treatment ameliorates the increases of secretions of TNF-a and IL-1b and phosphorylation of p65 in DSSinduced colitis mice (13). ...
Taxifolin is a natural antioxidant polyphenol with various bioactivities and has many beneficial effects on human gut health. However, little is known of its function on colitis. In this study, the protective effects of taxifolin on colitis symptoms, inflammation, signaling pathways, and colon microbiota were investigated using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Intriguingly, pre-administration of taxifolin alleviated the colitis symptoms and histological changes of the DSS-challenged mice. Supplementation of taxifolin significantly inhibited the secretions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and significantly increased the secretions of IL-10, secretory immunoglobulin A, superoxide dismutase, and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in DSS-induced colitis mice. In addition, the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB; p65 and IκBα) signaling was significantly suppressed by taxifolin supplementation. The expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and occludin) was significantly increased by taxifolin. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the DSS-induced changes of colon microbiota composition and microbial functions (amino acid metabolism and MAPK signaling) were restored by taxifolin, including the decreases of the abundances of Bacteroides, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium saccharogumia, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes, and the increases of the abundances of Desulfovibrio C21 c20 and Gemmiger formicilis at species level. In conclusion, these results revealed that dietary taxifolin has a great potential to prevent colitis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, enhancing intestinal barrier, and modulating gut microbiota.
Blidingia sp. is a prominent fouling green macroalga and we previously found that extracts from Blidingia sp. alleviated intestinal inflammation in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharides. However, whether these extracts are effective in weanling piglets remains unknown. In the present study, Blidingia sp. extracts were supplemented in the diet and their effects on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea and intestinal function in weanling piglets were explored. The results showed that diets supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% Blidingia sp. extract significantly increased average daily body weight gain and feed intake in weanling piglets. Meanwhile, piglets supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extract showed decreased incidence of diarrhoea as well as reduced fecal water and Na+ content. Furthermore, the diet supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extracts improved intestinal morphology, as indicated by the results of hematoxylin and eosin staining. Diet supplemented with 0.5% Blidingia sp. extracts also improved tight junction function, as indicated by increased expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and Zonula occludens-1, and alleviated the inflammatory response, as indicated by decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL6) contents and increased IL10 levels. Taken together, our results showed that Blidingia sp. extracts had beneficial effects in weanling piglets and we suggest that Blidingia sp. extracts could be potentially used as an additive for piglets.
Bisdemethoxycurcumin has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been widely used as food and feed supplements in the form of curcuminoids. However, the beneficial effect of individual bisdemethoxycurcumin on preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed intestinal damage is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation could attenuate LPS-induced intestinal damage and alteration of cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. In total, 320 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens with a similar weight were randomly divided in four treatments. The treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: basal diet (CON); 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin diet (BUR); LPS challenge + basal diet (LPS); LPS challenge + 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin diet (L-BUR). Results showed that dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation attenuated the LPS-induced decrease of average daily feed intake. LPS challenge compromised the intestinal morphology and disrupted the intestinal tight junction barrier. Dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation significantly increased villus length:crypt depth ratio and up-regulated the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. Moreover, a remarkably reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators was observed following bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation. The cecal microbiota analysis showed that bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation increased the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium while decreased the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Subdoligranulum. In conclusion, dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation could counteract LPS-induced inflamed intestinal damage in broiler chickens by improving intestinal morphology, maintaining intestinal tight junction, down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators, and restoring cecal microbiota.
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that can result in death accompanied by multiple organ failure. Here, we investigated the preventive effects of BLE0, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.), on colonic inflammation in a mouse model of LPS-induced systemic septic shock. Pretreatment with BLE0 increased the survival rate and markedly restored colon length and crypt damage in LPS-challenged mice. BLE0 suppressed the LPS-induced expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-17. The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of BLE0 included inactivation of NF-κB and AP-1 and inhibition of monocyte/macrophage infiltration. BLE0 inhibited the mRNA expression of TLR4, Myd88, IRAK1, and TRIF induced by LPS. Collectively, BLE0 ameliorated LPS-induced endotoxemia and colonic inflammation, suggesting thatt the regulation of colonic conditions could be associated with improved systemic immune responses.
