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Growth, flowering, and survival of black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.) from three seed sources - Northern Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL), and Texas (TEX) - Were evaluated under low input conditions for one growing season at four sites in Florida. Two sites were in American Horticultural Society (AHS) Heat Zone 9 while the other two were in...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... peak flowering of TEX was about 2 and 6 weeks earlier than CFL at Monticello and Ft. Lauderdale, respectively (Table 4). Peak flowering dates of TEX and NFL at Monticello or Ft. ...
Context 2
... was also a significant site by seed source interaction. However, within a site, the only significant differences among seed sources were at Jay where TEX plants had substantially more flowers than either CFL or NFL (Table 4). There were no trends in range of number of flowers at peak flowering. ...
Citations
... However, about 60% of students agreed or strongly agreed that seeds of native wildflowers from other states would grow well in Florida and about 34% agreed or strongly agreed that seeds of wildflowers from other climates would grow well in Florida. This reflects a significant misconception, as wildflowers from hardiness zones outside of Florida do not perform as well within the state as Florida ecotypes (Marois and Norcini, 2003;Norcini et al., 1998Norcini et al., , 2001. Lessons on ecotypic variation, provenance, or scheduling of locally and non-locally adapted germplasm in horticultural production would be particularly appropriate. ...
Traditional college students do not fit the demographic profile of people who are driving increased sales in gardening and landscaping or the use of native wildflowers. However, today's college students, especially those in plant-related disciplines, may be making future decisions regarding the use of native wildflowers for various applications. Many college students may be unaware of or disinterested in native wildflowers. We used a web-based survey to gauge awareness and interest of native wildflowers in Florida college students enrolled in plant-related disciplines. While students have a generally low awareness of native wildflowers, they expressed high levels of interest in learning more about the identification or cultivation of these species, seeing wildflowers, particularly on their campuses, and using wildflowers in different settings. Students were also interested in purchasing native wildflower seeds or finished plants from local retailers rather than through the Internet. We used student responses from this study to discuss education and marketing opportunities toward native wildflowers.
... However, black-eyed Susan derived from other parts of the U.S. might not grow well under Florida conditions, which would affect plant quality or seed yield. Flowering, growth, and survival of black-eyed Susan can be affected by seed source (1,5,10). Moreover, seed of native wildflowers and grasses derived from naturally occurring populations in Florida not only is highly marketable (restoration, mine reclamation, roadsides) but such seed commands a high price. ...
... Plant origin is also important when the goal is to establish self-sustaining roadside or meadow plantings of native wildflowers and grasses. Seed source can affect growth, flowering, and survival of native wildflowers under the low-input conditions of roadsides and meadows (5,8,9,10). To increase the likelihood of long-term sustainability of a planted population of native wildflowers or grasses, use seeds or plants that are genetically diverse. ...
... This selection process and the identification of known ecotypes of the species (Beckwith, 1991;Celik, 1996;Norcini et a1., 1998) may have affected how well specific lines perform under differing environmental conditions. Norcini et al. (1998Norcini et al. ( , 2001b reported that a northern Florida ecotype and a central Florida selection from a native population survived longer under Florida conditions [American Horticultural Society (AHS) Heat Zone 9; USDA Hardiness Zone 8b] than a commercially produced selection from Texas. None of the Texas plants survived through October (most did not survive through September), whereas 60% and 90% of northern Florida and central Florida plants were still alive in October, and 20% and 90% of northern Florida and central Florida plants, respectively, were alive in November when the experiment was terminated. ...
... PLANT MATERIAL. Three different seed sources of black-eyed susan were used, the same as used by Norcini et al. (2001b) in previous work. The northern Florida ecotype (NFL) was derived from seed collected in 1997 from native populations growing in upland pine forests of the Red Hills region of the Florida panhandle and southern Georgia (AHS Heat Zone 9; USDA Hardiness Zone 8b) and later increased (Norcini et al., 1999). ...
... 30.5 N,long. 83.9 W, AHS Heat Zone 9, USDA Hardiness Zone 8b) as part of a larger study to compare the performance of the CFL, NFL, and TEX at different locations in Florida (Norcini et al., 2001b). Seeds were sown in Metro-Mix 220 (Scotts Co., Marysville, Ohio) in cell packs, fertilized weekly after first true leaves appeared with N at 50 ppm (mg . ...
Survival of black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta) from three regional seed sources was evaluated after inoculation with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum in the greenhouse, and after they were planted in fumigated or nonfumigated and irrigated or nonirrigated field plots. The three seed sources were northern Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL), or Texas (TEX). Plants from the three seed sources were inoculated individually under greenhouse conditions with four isolates of F. oxysporum originally isolated from the roots of diseased black-eyed susan grown in ecotype trials near Monticello, Fla. About 20% of the inoculated plants developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field, but no consistent ecotype or isolate effects were observed. In the field trial, planting beds were fumigated with methyl-bromide and chloropicrin and irrigated with drip irrigation (high input), not fumigated and irrigated, fumigated and not irrigated, or not fumigated and not irrigated (low input). During the first month of the trial, treatment and seed source had a significant effect on survival due to the low initial survival of NFL in the nonfumigated-nonirrigated plots. After the first month, only seed source had a significant effect on survival, with TEX decreasing rapidly and the NFL population decreasing to a lesser degree. The decline of TEX could not be directly attributed to pests or climatic effects.
... In studies conducted under Florida conditions, seed origin affected growth, flowering, and/or survival of native wildflowers (5,8,9,10). For example, lanceleaf tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata) derived from native Florida populations flowered the spring after seed were sown in late fall in a North Florida field trial. ...
... By contrast, the variety typically purchased in seed packets at garden outlets flowered poorly in these same trials the first spring after sowing (8). In addition, black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) derived from Florida populations consistently outlived its counterpart from an out-of-state commercial seed supplier (5,10). Seed of wildflowers adapted to Florida's environment have recently become available with the advent of a small, but expanding native wildflower seed industry in Florida. ...
Interest in planting native wildflowers along Florida's roadsides and in meadows has grown steadily over the past 30-40 years, and especially so more recently. The most common method to establish these plantings is by direct seeding. This publication describes direct seeding methods you can use to establish medium to large size native wildflower plantings, such as those on roadsides, meadows, commercial properties, and right-of-ways. This document is ENH 968, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date April 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep227
The genus Rudbeckia has long played a very important role in ornamental plant cultivation and breeding. The ever-expanding variety range of many of its species is also suitable for use as potted ornamental plants and bedding plants, thus it can play a very important role in the management of urban green spaces. The development of urban vegetation is a growing problem due to increasing climate change. However, several species of the genus are capable of combating climate change while preserving their decorative value. Rudbeckia species can be easily integrated into the urban environment, as their sizes vary, their yellow, orange, red or brown flowers are striking and have great decorative value. They can be associated with both annual and perennial plants. Currently, in addition to phenotypic properties, abiotic stress tolerance is a very important breeding goal. The Rudbeckia species claim a place among ornamental plant breeders and growers, so it is important to get to know the genus more closely. The chapter covers botanical characteristics, environmental stress tolerance and, within this, their response to the effects of climate change. Furthermore, their suitability in terms of urban green space management is mentioned—a very important part of which is breeding. There are several ways of breeding, including the classic breeding methods, which are also carried out in Hungary at the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, but modern biotechnological methods are also appearing. In addition to the literature related to breeding, the chapter includes the most important species and the chapter is also supplemented with possible interesting facts. Our aim is to present the genus from the point of view of botany, application and breeding, mentioning and summarizing both the early and the latest literature references.
Coastalplain honeycombhead (Balduina angustifolia) is a southeastern USA native wildflower with ornamental and pollinator value and limited horticulture information. We investigated its cutting propagation, stock plant feasibility, and landscaping performance (growth, visual quality, and flowering). While auxin was not needed to achieve >80% rooting percentages, application of 5,000 ppm IBA to cuttings improved rooting performance compared to cuttings treated with 0-2,500 ppm IBA. Photoperiod affected stock plant growth but not flowering, indicating photoperiod may be used for stock plant management as a source of cutting material. Cutting performance was improved in a peat-based mix compared to a 1:1 mix of perlite and vermiculite. In landscape trial 1 (testing effect of planting site), there was a low visual quality rating for plants installed in south Florida while plants in northwest and central Florida had higher visual quality (3 to 4 of the 7 months had a rating ≥3 out of 5). For landscape trial 2 testing the effect of population, there was high visual quality (3 of the 6 months had a rating ≥3 out of 5) for plants collected from all 3 populations, though there was a trend of reduced visual quality for plants from Navarre Beach compared Archbold or Bok Tower.
Species used in the study: Coastalplain honeycombhead Balduina angustifolia [(Pursh) B. L. Robinson].
Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).
Rudbeckia hirta, black-eyed susan, is a popular container-produced native wildflower. However, there is a growing demand for regionally adapted selections because of ecological and sustainability issues. In separate studies in 2001 and 2002, seed from three sources — north Florida (NFL), central Florida (CFL), and Texas (TEX)—were sown in the greenhouse in mid-January. Seedlings were transplanted to cell packs in early February. In early April, liners were potted in 2.5 liter (0.66 gal) containers and placed on an outdoor production bed under full sun. Full bloom occurred about 21.5 to 23 weeks after sowing. TEX achieved full bloom 10 days earlier than NFL or CFL. Except for CFL in 2001, most plants were of a commercially acceptable height. The most uniform growth or flowering trait based on coefficients of variation was date of full bloom, with date of first bloom just slightly more variable. Other growth and flowering traits were moderately to highly variable.
