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Effect of oligofructose on the plasma levels of glucose (A) and insulin (B) in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats after 6 weeks of treatment. CT and STZ-CT rats were fed a standard diet and STZ-OFS rats were fed a standard diet with 10% oligofructose. Data are means S.E.M. , n = 5. Mean values with different superscript letters are significantly different, P < 0·05.
Source publication
We have evaluated the influence of oligofructose (OFS), a fermentable dietary fibre, on glucose homeostasis, insulin production and intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.
Male Wistar rats received either i.v. streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) or vehicle (CT); one week later, they were fed for 6 weeks with e...
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Context 1
... plasma insulin was significantly improved in STZ- OFS rats during the OGTT, we investigated the potential modulation of insulin production by oligofructose by measuring C-peptide, pancreatic insulin content and beta cell mass at the end of the experiment. As shown in Fig. 2A, post-prandial glycaemia of STZ-OFS rats was significantly lower than in STZ-CT rats, but remained 20% higher than in CT rats. Plasma insulin content (Fig. 2B) of STZ-OFS rats was significantly higher than STZ-CT rats, but slightly lower than the value in CT ...
Context 2
... investigated the potential modulation of insulin production by oligofructose by measuring C-peptide, pancreatic insulin content and beta cell mass at the end of the experiment. As shown in Fig. 2A, post-prandial glycaemia of STZ-OFS rats was significantly lower than in STZ-CT rats, but remained 20% higher than in CT rats. Plasma insulin content (Fig. 2B) of STZ-OFS rats was significantly higher than STZ-CT rats, but slightly lower than the value in CT ...
Context 3
... C-peptide content exhibited a similar profile to that of plasma insulin (Fig. 2B insert). Pancreatic insulin content (Fig. 3A) was drastically reduced in STZ-CT rats as compared with CT rats. However, both pancreatic insulin level and beta cell mass were about two times higher in STZ-OFS rats than in STZ-CT rats (Fig. ...
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Citations
... [59] In other studies, prebiotics improved appetite control by affecting the stimulation of GLP-1 and peptide YY secretion and reducing the production of ghrelin, thus contributing to the reduction of body weight, adipocyte size, and the amount of adipose tissue. Moreover, they counteracted the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver, which may prevent liver steatosis [64,65]. In contrast, in obese women with dyslipidemia, the use of oligofructose for 120 days reduced body weight, BMI, and waist circumference and lowered serum total cholesterol and LDL fractions [66]. ...
Background/Objectives: There is scattered information in the scientific literature regarding the characterization of probiotic bacteria found in fermented milk beverages and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. Our objective was to gather the available information on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases, with a special focus on the prevention of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Methods: We carried out a literature review including the following keywords, either individually or collectively: lactic acid bacteria; probiotic bacteria; obesity; lactose intolerance; diabetes; cancer protection; civilization diseases; intestinal microbiota; intestinal pathogens. Results: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases. Probiotic bacteria are a set of living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host and allow for the renewal of the correct quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria favorably modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, inhibit the development of intestinal pathogens, prevent constipation, strengthen the immune system, and reduce symptoms of lactose intolerance. As fermented milk beverages are an excellent source of probiotic bacteria, their regular consumption can be a strong point in the prevention of various types of civilization diseases. Conclusions: The presence of lactic acid bacteria, including probiotic bacteria in fermented milk beverages, reduces the incidence of obesity and diabetes and serves as a tool in the prevention of cancer diseases.
... Research on the gut microbiota reveals that the bacterial community profile plays a significant role in the development of T2DM (Holmes et al. 2011) when equated to non-diabetic people. Individuals with T2DM had significantly poor proportions of Firmicutes and higher percentages of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Cani et al. 2005;Delzenne et al. 2007). These gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria enhance lipopolysaccharide (LPS) secretion causing inflammation and play a crucial role in the development of T2DM (Holmes et al. 2011). ...
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence has become a worrying condition in recent decades. Chronic diabetes can result in serious health conditions such as impaired kidney function, stroke, blindness, and myocardial infarction. Despite a variety of currently available treatments, cases of diabetes and its complications are on the rise. This review article provides a comprehensive account of the ameliorative effect of prebiotics and probiotics individually or in combination i.e. synbiotics on health complications induced by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Recent advances in the field underscore encouraging outcomes suggesting the consumption of synbiotics leads to favorable changes in the gut microbiota. These changes result in the production of bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (crucial for lowering blood sugar levels), reducing inflammation, preventing insulin resistance, and encouraging the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the host. Notably, novel strategies supplementing synbiotics to support gut microbiota are gaining attraction as pivotal interventions in mitigating T2DM-induced health complications. Thus, by nurturing a symbiotic relationship between prebiotics and probiotics i.e. synbiotics, these interventions hold promise in reshaping the microbial landscape of the gut thereby offering a multifaceted approach to managing T2DM and its associated morbidities. Supporting the potential of synbiotics underscores a paradigm shift toward holistic and targeted interventions in diabetes management, offering prospects for improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life for affected individuals. Nevertheless, more research needs to be done to better understand the single and multispecies pre/pro and synbiotics in the prevention and management of T2DM-induced health complications.
... In fact, previous studies have reported that oligofructose ingestion stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY hormones that reduce appetite, delays gastric emptying, and increases insulin sensitivity [36]. Cani et al. (2005) [37] reported that the administration of FOS to diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance, promoted pancreatic insulin production, doubled the beta-cell mass and upregulated GLP-1 levels, which was assumed to be responsible for the positive effects on the beta-cell. Other studies observed that the supplementation of FOS to diabetic rats improved glycemia, promoted pancreatic insulin production, and increased beta-cell mass [38][39][40]. ...
... In fact, previous studies have reported that oligofructose ingestion stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY hormones that reduce appetite, delays gastric emptying, and increases insulin sensitivity [36]. Cani et al. (2005) [37] reported that the administration of FOS to diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance, promoted pancreatic insulin production, doubled the beta-cell mass and upregulated GLP-1 levels, which was assumed to be responsible for the positive effects on the beta-cell. Other studies observed that the supplementation of FOS to diabetic rats improved glycemia, promoted pancreatic insulin production, and increased beta-cell mass [38][39][40]. ...
... In persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prebiotics improve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and postprandial glycemic excursion as well as reduce insulin resistance [44,45]. This effect on glycemia is thought to be due to mechanisms that include enhanced production and secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1, an incretin hormone that enhances glucose tolerance through modulation of insulin secretion [46]. Altering the gut microbiome may also attenuate a proinflammatory milieu, thereby improving insulin sensitivity [47]. ...
Introduction
Data show that disturbances in the gut microbiota play a role in glucose homeostasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and progression. The prebiotic high amylose maize starch (HAMS) alters the gut microbiome profile and metabolites favorably with an increase in bacteria producing short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have significant anti-inflammatory effects. HAMS also improves glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and secretion in healthy non-diabetic adults. Additionally, a recent study testing an acetylated and butyrylated form of HAMS (HAMS-AB) that further increases SCFA production prevented T1D in a rodent model without adverse safety effects. The overall objective of this human study will be to assess how daily HAMS-AB consumption impacts the gut microbiome profile, SCFA production, β cell heath, function, and glycemia as well as immune responses in newly diagnosed T1D youth.
Methods and analysis
We hypothesize that HAMS-AB intake will improve the gut microbiome profile, increase SCFA production, improve β cell health, function and glycemia as well as modulate the immune system. We describe here a pilot, randomized crossover trial of HAMS-AB in 12 newly diagnosed T1D youth, ages 11–17 years old, with residual β cell function. In Aim 1 , we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on the gut microbiome profile and SCFA production; in Aim 2 , we will determine the effect of HAMS-AB on β cell health, function and glycemia; and in Aim 3 , we will determine the peripheral blood effect of HAMS-AB on frequency, phenotype and function of specific T cell markers. Results will be used to determine the effect-size estimate of using HAMS-AB. We anticipate beneficial effects from a simple, inexpensive, and safe dietary approach.
Ethics and dissemination
The Institutional Review Board at Indiana University approved the study protocol. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed pediatric journal. Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.
Trial registration
NCT04114357; Pre-results.
... More specifically, the prebiotic oligofructose (OFS) beneficially shifts the gut microbiota and improves glucose and energy homeostasis in obese and diabetic rodents [14][15][16][17]. However, these studies primarily examine the effects of oligofructose in genetically modified or diet-induced obese rodents [18,19]. Therefore, we examined the effect of oligofructose in overt diabetic ZDSD rats to determine whether it could serve as a potential therapy to improve glucose homeostasis in individuals with advanced stage diabetes. ...
The complex development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) creates challenges for studying the progression and treatment of the disease in animal models. A newly developed rat model of diabetes, the Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley (ZDSD) rat, closely parallels the progression of T2D in humans. Here, we examine the progression of T2D and associated changes in the gut microbiota in male ZDSD rats and test whether the model can be used to examine the efficacy of potential therapeutics such as prebiotics, specifically oligofructose, that target the gut microbiota. Bodyweight, adiposity, and fed/fasting blood glucose and insulin were recorded over the course of the study. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and feces collected at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age for short-chain fatty acids and microbiota analysis using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. At the end of 24 weeks of age, half of the rats were supplemented with 10% oligofructose and tests were repeated. We observed a transition from healthy/nondiabetic to prediabetic and overtly diabetic states, via worsened insulin and glucose tolerance and significant increases in fed/fasted glucose, followed by a significant decrease in circulating insulin. Acetate and propionate levels were significantly increased in the overt diabetic state compared to healthy and prediabetic. Microbiota analysis demonstrated alterations in the gut microbiota with shifts in alpha and beta diversity as well as alterations in specific bacterial genera in healthy compared to prediabetic and diabetic states. Oligofructose treatment improved glucose tolerance and shifted the cecal microbiota of the ZDSD rats during late-stage diabetes. These findings underscore the translational potential of ZDSD rats as a model of T2D and highlight potential gut bacteria that could impact the development of the disease or serve as a biomarker for T2D. Additionally, oligofructose treatment was able to moderately improve glucose homeostasis.
... A preclinical study of the effect of probiotics on diabetic rats showed that the combination of two probiotic strains including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei could significantly suppress oxidative damage by repressing the lipid peroxidation and protecting the antioxidant content of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in their pancreases [108]. It has also been demonstrated that Bifidobacterium adolescentis enhances insulin sensitivity [109] by increasing the amount of production of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) [110]. GLP-1, a growth factor for pancreatic cells, through complicated mechanisms like modulation of insulin secretion, pancreatic cell mass and food consumption improve glucose tolerance [111]. ...
Research on the probiotic effect in preventing or treating diseases has attracted scientists’ attention for many decades. Findings of probiotics effects on human health indicate that they are not only no detrimental but also may have a beneficial effect on the host. Indeed, the effectiveness of probiotics depends on the type of utilized strain, duration, dose administration, and single or combined strains used that can be different in a specific disease. Therefore, probiotics can play a significant role in the treatment and prevention of different diseases through several mechanisms; for instance, stimulating respiratory immunity in the airway and enhancing resistance to respiratory tract infections, can prevent or reduce the duration of respiratory system diseases. By ameliorating glucose metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in pancreatic cells, and preventing the destruction of β-pancreatic cells, may prevent the onset of diabetes and the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy as well. Moreover, using their metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids production, probiotics may have an important effect on weight modifications. Finally, from the regulation of important neurotransmitters and regulation of inflammatory markers, it may be effective in mental disorders improvement.
... To do so, we used fructooligosaccharides (FOS), also referred to as oligofructose, a widely studied prebiotic, in both animal models and humans, and known to improve the host metabolism (glucose, lipid and energy metabolism) by changing the gut microbiota composition. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Moreover, in addition to that, FOS has also been linked with the improvement of the gut barrier function, cardiovascular health, mineral absorption, cancer, inflammation, colitis and immune system. 18,[25][26][27][28][29] The key mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of this prebiotic have not been fully elucidated yet and so far, no studies have investigated the role of the mucus layer in the improvement of metabolic disorders. ...
... FOS supplementation has previously been linked with increased expression of some markers involved in the gut barrier function (e.g., antimicrobial peptides and intestinal epithelial cell turnover). 12,13,30,32,33 We observed that the treatment with FOS significantly increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptides lysozyme 1 (Lyz1) in the ileum and cecum, regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma (Reg3g) in all the intestinal segments and phospholipase A2 group IIa (Pla2g2a) in the ileum, cecum and colon (Figure 2f,g,). Intectin, a key protein involved in the intestinal epithelial cell turnover, did not change significantly after FOS , visceral (VAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue in grams after 6 weeks of treatment (n = 10-12/group). ...
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and gut microbiota plays a key role in influencing the host energy homeostasis. Moreover, obese mice have a different gut microbiota composition, associated with an alteration of the intestinal mucus layer, which represents the interface between the bacteria and the host. We previously demonstrated that prebiotic treatment with oligofructose (FOS) counteracted the effects of diet-induced obesity, together with changes in the gut microbiota composition, but it is not known if the intestinal mucus layer could be involved. In this study, we found that, in addition to preventing high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice, the treatment with FOS increased the expression of numerous genes involved in mucus production, glycosylation and secretion, the expression of both secreted and transmembrane mucins, and the differentiation and number of goblet cells. These results were associated with significant changes in the gut microbiota composition, with FOS significantly increasing the relative and absolute abundance of the bacterial genera Odoribacter, Akkermansia, two unknown Muribaculaceae and an unknown Ruminococcaceae. Interestingly, all these bacterial genera had a negative association with metabolic parameters and a positive association with markers of the mucus layer. Our study shows that FOS treatment is able to prevent HFD-induced metabolic disorders, at least in part, by acting on all the processes of the mucus production. These data suggest that targeting the mucus and the gut microbiota by using prebiotics could help to prevent or mitigate obesity and related disorders.
... This might be partially ascribed to the SCFAs produced by the fermentation of intestinal bacteria after XOS feeding (Delzenne et al., 2002). Supportively, propionate can stimulate the production of intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which in turn promotes insulin secretion, thus leading to the enhanced liver glycogen synthesis (Cani et al., 2005;Delzenne et al., 2007). In addition, SCFAs could also be transported to different tissues, and consequently promote lipid oxidation by up-regulating the adenosine 5 ′ -monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α pathway, as helps properly metabolize and utilize fat in various organs in animals (Hasan et al., 2018;Araújo et al., 2022). ...
Dietary supplementation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) represents a potential means to improve the carbohydrate metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes. However, whether XOS could improve the carbohydrates utilization and metabolism of fish is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of XOS on the growth performances and glycolipid metabolism of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed a high carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (44.69 ± 0.11 g) were fed a control diet (29% carbohydrate), a HC diet (41% carbohydrate), and the HC diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% XOS respectively for 12 weeks. Compared with the control group, the HC group obtained significantly high values of final body weight, weight gain rate, intraperitoneal fat ratio, whole-body lipid content, liver and intraperitoneal fat glycogen contents, tissue lipid contents, glycated serum protein (GSP) levels, and the transcriptions of sodium glucose cotransporter 1, glucose transporter 2 (glut2), glucokinase (gk), pyruvate kinase (pk), glycogen synthase (gs), fatty acid synthetase (fas) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (accα), and the decreased values of feed conversion ratio and hepatic transcriptions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt-1) and acyl-CoA oxidase (aco). Meanwhile, the supplementation of 1.0% XOS significantly increased the nitrogen retention efficiency, liver glycogen contents, and the transcriptions of glut2, gk, pk, glucose-6-phosphate, cpt-1 and aco compared with the HC group, while the opposite was true for liver and muscle lipid contents, plasma TG, total cholesterol and GSP levels, and the transcriptions of fas and accα. Collectively, dietary supplementation of 1.0% XOS could improve the growth performance and glycolipid metabolism of blunt snout bream fed a high-carbohydrate diet by up-regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, glycogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acids β-oxidation, but down-regulating gluconeogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis
... The microbiota, known as the "second genome," is a combination of microorganisms that reside commensally with the human intestinal tract (9) ; it is estimated that there are 10 14 microorganisms/ml in the luminal contents, with over 5000 bacteria (10) . As long as this evidence shows that increased cellular inflammatory stress can lead to insulin resistance and that the microbiota interacts with environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, predisposing to the development of other metabolic diseases (11) , a hypothesis called DOGMA (Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota) was proposed to clarify the three main components of the pathogenesis of PCOS. As a result of microbiota dysbiosis in this condition (10) , obesity or hyperinsulinemia, fats, and low-fiber foods may result in an unbalance intestinal flora, thus generating destruction of the connection between the intestinal epithelial cells, responsible for the increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa. ...
... This, sequentially, interferes in insulin receptor function, causing insulin resistance. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the gut microbiota causes endotoxemia capable of activating inflammatory activities, leading to obesity and insulin resistance (11) by activating inflammatory mediators such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and toll-like receptors (TRL4) which reduce insulin sensitivity (7) . ...
Introdução: O estado inflamatório crônico e as alterações hormonais causadas pela Síndrome do Ovário Policístico são fatores que, somados à resistência insulínica e a hiperinsulinemia compensatória, complicam ainda mais o estado dessas pacientes. Por outro lado, estudos indicam que o uso de simbióticos – probióticos e prebióticos - podem reduzir os índices glicêmicos e a resistência insulínica. Objetivos: analisar artigos prévios que investigassem o uso de cápsulas simbióticas para a melhora do perfil insulínico, fatores inflamatórios e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com SOP. Material e Método: Esta revisão selecionou cinco artigos principais encontrados nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Resultados: Evidenciou-se o benefício do uso de simbióticos na redução da resistência insulínica, níveis de insulina sérica, glicose plasmática, índices QUICK e HOMAR-IR e apelina-36. Conclusão: A suplementação com cápsulas simbióticas sustenta evidências benéficas para o tratamento da SOP e deve ser considerada uma como opção de terapia adjuvante, uma vez que auxilia no prognóstico dessa afecção. Palavras-chave: Síndrome do ovário policístico, Simbióticos, Microbiota, Resistência à insulina, Glicemia Abstract Introduction: The chronic inflammatory state and also the hormonal changes caused by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are factors that, added to insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, may complicate the condition of these patients. On the other hand, studies indicate that the use of symbiotics, including probiotics and prebiotics, can reduce glycemic indexes and insulin resistance. Objective: The present review aimed to analyze previous works investigating the symbiotic capsules usage for improving insulin profile, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with PCOS. Methods: This review selected five main articles found in Scielo, PubMed, and Google Academic databases. Results: it was clear the benefits of the use of symbiotics in reducing insulin resistance, serum insulin levels, plasma glucose, QUICK, and HOMAR-IR indexes, and apelin-36. Conclusion: supplementation with symbiotic capsules supports beneficial evidence for the treatment of PCOS and should be considered as an adjuvant therapy option, once it helps the prognosis of this disease. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Symbiotics, Microbiota, Insulin resistance, blood glucose
... On the other hand, research [37] reported that, soluble dietary fiber plays an important role in controlling the concentration of glucose in the serum and decrease risk factors associated with diabetes. In this respect, research [38] reported that, inulin improves glucose tolerance and restores insulin secretion partially for diabetic patients during 4 to 6 weeks. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two levels of jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), two dosage of olive oil and their combination on rats suffering from diabetes. Forty-eight male albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) utilized in this work, the rats study divided into two essential groups. The first (n=6 rats) fed on standard diet and used as a control negative group. The second (42 rats) treated with alloxan (150 mg/kg b.wt.) to induce diabetes. The rats in the second main group were divided into 7 subgroups. Subgroup (1): was fed on standard diet and used as a positive control group. Subgroups (2&3): were fed diet containing (2% and 4% Helianthus tuberosus), respectively. Subgroup (4 & 5): were fed standard diet and treated daily with (0.25 ml and 0.5 ml olive oil/rat), respectively. Subgroup (6): was fed diet containing 2% dried Helianthus tuberosus powdered and treated daily with 0.25 ml olive oil/each rat. Subgroup (7): was fed diet containing 4% dried Helianthus tuberosus powdered and treated with 0.5 ml olive oil/each rat daily. This experiment lasted 4 weeks. Results showed that, (liver and kidney weight/body weight%), glucose, lipid fractions except HDL-cholesterol, liver parameters and kidney functions increased significantly in the positive control group, while weight of rats decreased. Treating rats, which were, suffering from diabetes with two level from Helianthus tuberosus (2% and 4%), two dosages from olive oil (0.25ml and 0.5ml olive oil/each rat) and the same dosage from olive oil with the same levels from Helianthus tuberosus together improved all above parameters. Group of rats which fed on diet containing (4% Helianthus tuberosus and treated with 0.5 ml olive oil/each rat) recorded the best results, followed by the groups which were treated with (2% Helianthus tuberosus and 0.25 ml olive oil/each rat) and 4% Helianthus tuberosus, respectively. From our results, it could be concluded that, Jerusalem Artichoke "and olive oil (alone or together) decrease the side effects induced from diabetes.
