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Figure 4 - Effect of Withinia somnifera and Shilajit on alcohol addiction in mice

Effect of ashwagandha and shilajit on central nervous system neurotransmitter levels. (a) Changes in serotonin levels before and after treatment. Ashwagandha (500 mg/kg) as well as combined ashwagandha and shilajit treatment (day 21–30) lead to significant increase (P < 0.01) increase in corticohippocampal serotonin compared to untreated animals on ethanol (30 days). However, treatment with shilajit (50 mg/kg) alone or diazepam failed to increase serotonin levels compared to alcohol treated group. (b) Changes in dopamine levels before and after treatment. Shilajit (50 mg/kg) as well as ashwagandha and shilajit combination treatment (day 21–30) led to significant increase (P < 0.01) in corticohippocampal dopamine compared to untreated animals on ethanol (30 days). However, treatment with ashwagandha (500 mg/kg) alone or diazepam failed to increase serotonin levels compared to alcohol treated group. (c) Changes in gamma‑aminobutyric acid levels before and after treatment. Ashwagandha (500 mg/kg) as well as combined ashwagandha and shilajit treatment (day 21–30) led to significant increase (P < 0.01) increase in corticohippocampal gamma‑aminobutyric acid levels compared to untreated animals on ethanol (30 days). However, treatment with shilajit (50 mg/kg) alone failed to increase serotonin levels compared to alcohol‑treated group. Diazepam treatment also showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) increase in corticohippocampal gamma‑aminobutyric acid levels. Values represent mean ± standard error of the mean n = 5
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